IEC 60870-5-104 as a driver to evolution of substation and distribution automation at EDP (original) (raw)
IEC61850: a Lingua Franca for Substation Automation Systems
The last few years has seen numerous studies pointing to the IEC61850 as a worthwhile international standard for substation automation systems. The standard incorporates the use of logical nodes to resolve problems related to interoperability and interchangeability in multi-vendor zone substation systems. The standard also initiated a cost-effective Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messaging technology to replace the traditional copper wiring. This paper provides a synopsis of communication protocols and their development over the time. The authors elucidate core elements of telemetry communications, structures of protocols and the significance of standards for communication protocols within substation automation systems. This paper aims to endorse and publicise the IEC61850 protocol as the latest and improved communication standard opposed to other substation protocols like DNP and Modbus.
61 IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems In Substations: An Overview for Users
Over the last decade, the "digitization" of the electron enterprise has grown at exponential rates. Utility, industrial, commercial, and even residential consumers are transforming all aspects of their lives into the digital domain. Moving forward, it is expected that every piece of equipment, every receptacle, every switch, and even every light bulb will possess some type of setting, monitoring and/or control. In order to be able to manage the large number of devices and to enable the various devices to communicate with one another, a new communication model was needed. That model has been developed and standardized as IEC 61850 -Communication Networks and Systems in Substations [1]. This paper looks at the needs of next generation communication systems and provides an overview of the IEC 61850 protocol and how it meets these needs.
Second generation IEEE802.11N performance for IEC61850-based substation automation system
2016
As the initial scope of supporting communications inside substation automation systems, IEC 61850 was defined to be mapped on Ethernet as the layer 2 communication network technology. It is because the Ethernet is the dominant technology for the Local area network – LAN and it brings significant advantages of high bandwidth and low latency especially with the use of optics fibers at the physical layer. Consequently, Ethernet is very appropriate for the substation indoor LAN with applications that require high bandwidth e.g. measurements and time-critical functions such as protection services. However, when IEC 61850 is extended to support large-scale communication networks between substations, control the centers to substations and DERs; Ethernet is no longer a good solution. The rapid emergence of DERs, the increasing amount of electric vehicles and smart meters reveal the shortcomings of Ethernet which rest in its high set-up cost and scalability problem following the use of cable...
Simulation of power system substation communications architecture based on IEC 61850 standard
2014 49th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2014
Changes in the wholesale electricity market alongside the difficulties in upgrading the transmission system have increased the complexity of power networks operations. This fact has placed heavier demands on developing new technologies to manage power systems reliably. Driven by the growing smart grid applications, ICT infrastructures are becoming more important for the communication of monitoring, control and protection information at both the local and wide area levels. IEC 61850 is a standard released by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for power utilities that can provide integrated and interoperable data communications. It defines communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in substations and related system requirements. Although it was originally introduced for the automation of substations, the application of IEC61850 is expanding rapidly. In this paper, we present simulation and modelling of a typical power system substation communication infrastructure. Furthermore, the deployment of IEC 61850 for Wide Area Network (WAN) applications, such as Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), will be investigated.
Communication Protocols and Networks for Power Systems - Current Status and Future Trends
Proceedings of IEEE Power System Conference and Exposition, 2009
Minimizing implementation time and manual configuration, as well as straightforward upgradability are the key requirements of efficient substation automation systems. For larger utilities this often necessitates achieving interoperability between different devices from multiple vendors. Since the early 1990's it was noticed that the speed of advances in communication technology seemed to overpass its power system counterpart, which called for more adaptability by substation automation systems and higher independence from the underlying communication technology. The natural shift in the industry from proprietary communication protocols to open access standards was therefore further accelerated and was directed towards more advanced solutions that provide an interoperable and future proof environment. In order to be able to respond to these concerns, IEC 61850 was proposed as a future proof, adaptable communication protocol, capable of providing interoperability in a multi-vendor environment and with a highly advanced object oriented modeling structure. The migration from legacy protocols and de facto standards such as Modbus, DNP3, and IEC 60870-5 has already started and it seems likely that it will continue at a steady pace in the future. In addition to the efforts to provide an advanced solution for substation automation systems, there is also a need for extending the "automation" benefits to beyond the substations either downstream, at the feeder level or upstream, at a higher level of network management. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of communication networks for substations using IEC 61850, and also discuss the possible future trends for extending the scope of the standard and using its capabilities for other applications within the distribution system.
2015
The development of a computational platform of a communication network for an automation system using the precepts of IEC 61850 has become a great trend in substation automation systems (SASs) research. Recent developments in wireless communication technologies, especially the IEEE802.11 have enabled cost-effective remote control systems with a capability of monitoring, control and protection in the real-time operating conditions of substations. The message delay and throughput in substation automation while using the WLAN and smart grid must satisfy the standard requirements specified in the IEC 61850-5. In this paper, the end-to-end (ETE) delay of IEC 61850-based messages and operating time of the over current protection using the WLAN-based communication network has been evaluated using Opnet Modeler Edition 18.0.
IEC 61850 based OPC UA Communication -The Future of Smart Grid Automation
Within this contribution, we outline the use of the new automation standards family OPC Unified Architecture (IEC 62541) in scope with the IEC 61850 field automation standard. The IEC 61850 provides both an abstract data model and an abstract communication interface. Different technology mappings to implement the model exist. With the upcoming OPC UA, a new communication model to implement abstract interfaces has been introduced. We outline its use in this contribution and also give examples on how it can be used alongside the IEC 61970 Common Information Model to properly integrate ICT and field automation at communication standards level.
Control and management of distribution system with integrated DERs via IEC 61850 based communication
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2017
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are being increasingly integrated in the distribution systems and resulting in complex power flow scenarios. In such cases, effective control, management and protection of distribution systems becomes highly challenging. Standardized and interoperable communication in distribution systems has the potential to deal with such challenges to achieve higher energy efficiency and reliability. Ed. 2 of IEC 61850 standards, for utility automation, standardizing the exchange of data among different substations, DERs, control centers, PMUs and PDCs. This paper demonstrates the modelling of information and services needed for control, management and protection of distribution systems with integrated DERs. This paper has used IP tunnels and/or mapping over IP layer for transferring IEC 61850 messages, such as sample values (SVs) and GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), over distribution system Wide Area Network (WAN). Finally performance of the proposed communication configurations for different applications is analyzed by calculating End-to-End (ETE) delay, throughput and jitter.
Opportunity for using WLAN with IEC 61850 and the future of this protocol
2017
The unified protocols are unified in application interface, models, and seamless. They generate one standard protocol, one world called IEC 61850. IEC 61850 integrate the security, interoperability, modelling, mapping to a substation, and reliability. Presently, the more expensive fiber based Ethernet LAN is the most prevalent technology for medium and low voltage distribution substations. To circumvent this problem Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has been investigated for its suitability for applications that are compliant to IEC 61850: automation and metering; control and monitoring; and over-current protection. In this paper the IEEE 802.11n WLAN is studied when used in various IEC 61850 supported applications for substation automation. It also discusses the benefits of using GOOSE message to protect and control applications and the use of IEC 61850.
Performance Evaluation of IEC 61850 under Wireless Communication Networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems - MEDES '14, 2014
The standard IEC 61850 is considered as a candidate for communication standard for smart grid applications. The delay performance is one of the critical issues that were specified by IEC 61850. However, a few works have been done to evaluate the delay performance under wireless networks. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of IEC 61850 substation automation system (SAS) under wireless and hybrid networks. OPNET is used to model and simulate the Intelligent Electronic Device (IEDs) for three types of messages: GOOSE, the Raw Data Sampled Values and the Interbay trip messages in Substation Automation System.
IEC 61850 based substation automation system: A survey
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020
Power systems are undergoing an evolution similar to what telecommunications sector went through several decades ago. Analog and hard-wired systems are replaced with automated digital ones. Infrastructure designs are not static anymore and are geared towards accepting new deployments as easily as possible. Limited data exchanges of the past are giving way to detailed data collection, reporting and analysis. When equipped with smart algorithms and techniques such as machine learning, these significantly enhance the capabilities of smart grids. Substations are core component of smart grid, where communication system is integrated. However, achieving a standard substation communication system that can operate with the principles of plug-and-play (PnP) is not a trivial task. Considering the cyber-physical nature of power system equipment, integration requires more diligence for safe operation. Furthermore, there are many different types of substation equipment which are manufactured by, again, countless many vendors. Achieving a common language and interoperability between them is a difficult task. IEC 61850 standard has been taking strides towards that goal. Its object-oriented structure makes its versatile while well-defined modeling blocks ensures compatibility. Recent work has focused on IEC 61850 based modeling of substation equipment, developing message exchange formats for substation functionalities as well as investigating the performance of different communication technologies when they are used to implement IEC 61850 based models. This paper reviews these efforts, their benefits to substation operation and possible future work, including cybersecurity considerations.
Modeling Intelligent Control Switch IEC 61850 Based Substation Automation Communication
Applied System Innovation, 2018
With the advent of the new information technologies, the power communication service object is continuously enhanced by the modernization level of the switches architecture designed in the substation automation environment. In the futuristic plan, the communication network not only provides a transmission line between devices, but also takes into account the reliability and efficiency of the power system communication network. Many protocols are used for the provision of faster and more robust communication among control centers, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). These protocols support the exchange of a wide range of possible common data that is organized by a DATA-SET, such as in synchronized circuit breaker switching, distance protection and overcurrent protection. However, these protocols do not give the expected performance with standard switches architectures due to the remarkable traffic in power system communication. To address this issu...
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2013
Today's power grid is facing many challenges due to increasing load growth, aging of existing power infrastructures, high penetration of renewable, and lack of fast monitoring and control. Utilizing recent developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at the power-distribution level, various smart-grid applications can be realized to achieve reliable, efficient, and green power. Interoperable exchange of information is already standardized in the globally accepted smart-grid standard, IEC 61850, over the local area networks (LANs). Due to low installation cost, sufficient data rates, and ease of deployment, the industrial wireless LAN technologies are gaining interest among power utilities, especially for less critical smart distribution network applications. Extensive work is carried out to examine the wireless LAN (WLAN) technology within a power distribution substation. The first phase of the work is initiated with the radio noise interference measurements at 27.6-and 13.8-kV distribution substations, including circuit breaker switching operations. For a detailed investigation, the hardware prototypes of WLAN-enabled IEC 61850 devices are developed using industrial embedded systems, and the performance of smart distribution substation monitoring, control, and protection applications is analyzed for various scenarios using a round trip-time of IEC 61850 application messages. Finally, to examine the real-world field performance, the developed prototype devices are installed in the switchyard and control room of 27.6 power distribution substation, and testing results of various applications are discussed.
IEC 61850 based OPC UA Communication
CITATIONS 0 READS 126 4 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: European Research Infrastructure supporting Smart Grid Systems Technology Development, Validation and Roll Out (ERIGrid) View project DISCERN View project Mathias Uslar OFFIS e.V. Abstract -Within this contribution, we outline the use of the new automation standards family OPC Unified Architecture (IEC 62541) in scope with the IEC 61850 field automation standard. The IEC 61850 provides both an abstract data model and an abstract communication interface. Different technology mappings to implement the model exist. With the upcoming OPC UA, a new communication model to implement abstract interfaces has been introduced. We outline its use in this contribution and also give examples on how it can be used alongside the IEC 61970 Common Information Model to properly integrate ICT and field automation at communication standards level.
Performance evaluation of a process bus architecture in a zone substation based on IEC 61850-9-2
2015
Ethernet communication has been the back bone of high speed communication in digital substations from protection relaying, control and automation perspective. Major substation manufacturers have been constantly upgrading softwares and adding new features in their Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED's) to carry out multiple functions in process bus devices. This paper presents simulation results with respect to the delay in packets transfer in an Ethernet environment. Understanding the delay in packet transfer of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Values (SV) shall assist the user in understanding the substation automation, control and protection of substation primary plants such as current transformers (CT's), voltage transformers (VT's), circuit breakers etc. connected in the network during a fault condition Conventional substation uses Merging Units (MU's) to communicate with the IED's featuring IEC 61850-9-2 standard. This standard ex...
Modeling and simulation of electric power substation employing an IEC 61850 network
Proceedings of the 9th Annual Cyber and Information Security Research Conference on - CISR '14, 2014
The timely delivery of messages is an important requirement in networks used to control physical processes such as those found in the Critical Infrastructure. These systems are also known as Process Control Systems (PCS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. In the electric power sector, the IEC 61850 family of standards defines the network protocol for communication between devices inside an electric substation and the interface the substation presents to the Internet (outside world) in the Smart Grid. IEC 61850 uses IEEE 802.3 Ethernet for the physical and data link layers as opposed to the previous generation substations, which used dedicated point-to-point connections between devices. IEC 61850 (and other industrial protocols) operate in an environment where messages must arrive in time to be processed and action taken by control equipment. Discrete event simulation is a widely used technique to evaluate performance of such systems. Cyber attacks on process control systems often aim at overloading a communications link. This type of cyber attack may negatively affect such physical processes by introducing delays in messages that carry control actions. Ultimately, this type of attack may also result in a complete DoS situation. Therefore, from a security perspective, it is important to understand the impact that link load changes may have on the control system. This paper presents an OPNET Modeler simulation library to help analyze network traffic in electric power substations that employ the IEC 61850 standard for communication and control. This library is then used to examine sample substation network architectures to determine if they meet the message delivery performance requirements.
Modernization of Electrical Substation Automation Systems Using IEC61850
IRJET, 2022
There is a need for a high-performance, flexible substation automation system (SAS) that is easy to incorporate. The increasing use of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in substation protection, coordination, control, monitoring, metering, and testing offers interoperability and enhanced communications capabilities. The IEC Technical Committee 57 worked to create IEC 61850, an open standard for substation modelling and communications. The international adoption of the standard has grown in popularity. This article explores the use of IEC 61850 in conventional substation automation. It introduces the experience of a real SAS modernization scenario. This instance emphasizes how useful the IEC 61850 is for operating and monitoring substations.
Analysis of an IEC 61850 based Electric Substation Communication Architecture
The ever-increasing demand for power and limitations on upgrade have led to increased operating voltages and consequently, larger and number of Substations. Sub-station Automation systems (SAS) are responsible for the protection, monitoring and control of electric equipment within an electric substation. The big evolution for SAS came with introduction of IEC 61850 standard for power utilities that provides integrated and interoperable data communications within and around Substation. In order to realize the benefits of the standard, the SAS design engineering needs to be thoughtful of practical challenges such as implementation of communication network. The success of SAS depends largely on efficient and reliable communication architecture design. In this paper, we present an analysis of the performance of communication infrastructure using the experimental set up of typical substation architecture. This set up is then used to examine sample substation architectures to determine if they meet the communication performance requirements.
Implementation of Substation Automation Systems using IEC 61850
Electric power system substations are being modernized to better serve user requirements for more efficient communication and more comprehensive protection and to facilitate future expansion by installing and applying higher-performance IEDs. There is a demand for a substation automation system (SAS) that is simple to integrate and provides high performance and flexibility. IEC 61850 capacities provide interoperability and advanced communications capabilities in substation protection, coordination, control, monitoring, metering, and testing. IEC 61850 is the result of the efforts of IEC Technical Committee 57 (TC57) to produce an open standard for substation modeling and communications. Substation configuration description language (SCL) is used in IEC61850-based substations to create substation configuration description files that contain full information about the substation. The main purpose of this format is to ensure that IED capability and substation descriptions are exchanged in a compatible way between the IEDs.
IEC 61850 Substation Communication Network Architecture for Efficient Energy System Automation
Energy Technology & Policy, 2015
High-speed peer-to-peer IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 sampled values based information-exchange among IEDs in modern IEC 61850 substations have opened the opportunity for designing and developing innovative all-digital protection applications. The transmission reliability and real-time performance of these SVs and GOOSE messages, over the process-bus network, are critical to realize these all-digital IEC 61850 substation automation systems (SASs) protection applications. To address the reliability, availability, and deterministic delay performance needs of SAS, a novel IEC 61850-9-2 process-bus based substation communication network (SCN) architecture is proposed in this article. Reliability of the proposed as well as the traditional process-bus based SCN architectures is evaluated using the reliability block diagram (RBD) approach. Network components are modeled, and end-to-end (ETE) time-delay performance is also evaluated for all-digital protection applications running on the SCN architectures simulated in the OPNET modeler platform. The reliability and performance results of the proposed architecture compared to the traditional architectures confirmed its highly reliable, fast, and deterministic nature.