Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Thuja occidentalis and Tanacetum vulgare essential oils against larvae of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (original) (raw)
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Journal of Oleo Science, 2015
European Pesticide Regulation EC No. 1107/2009 supports the use of pesticides that are not harmful or less harmful to health and environment. New regulations like this is expected to provide additional attention to the biopesticides 1 . In the last two decades there is a growing interest on the insecticides obtained from the natural sources for stored product protection. Especially the essential oils and their components are being the focus of many studies due to their volatility therefore the potential ease of their application. The essential oils and their components were proposed to be considered as natural, environmentally friendly and relatively safe alternatives to the Abstract: Insecticides of the natural origin are an important alternative to the synthetic insecticides that are being employed for the preserving stored products. The volatiles obtained from T. cinerariifolium (=Pyrethrum cinerariifolium) is being used for many types of insecticidal applications; however there is a very little information on the insecticidal activity of the essential oils of other Tanacetum species. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the chemical composition of T. macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Schultz Bip. essential oils and evaluate their insecticidal activity against S. granarius as well as its other beneficial biological activities. Highest contact toxicity was observed in the leaf oil of (88.93%) against S. granarius. The flower oil showed considerable fumigant toxicity against L. minor at 10 mg/mL application concentration (61.86 %) when compared with other samples at the same concentration. The highest DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (47.7%) and phosphomolybdenum reducing activity was observed also for the flower oil of T. macrophyllum at 10 mg/mL concentration. The essential oils were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The flower and leaf oils were characterized with γ-eudesmol 21.5%, (E)sesquilavandulol 20.3%, copaborneol 8.5% and copaborneol 14.1%, 1,8-cineole 11%, bornyl acetate 9.6%, borneol 6.3% respectively. AHC analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the essential oil composition of the T. macrophyllum essential oil from the present research and previous reports pointed out that two different chemotypes could be proposed with current findings which are p-methyl benzyl alcohol/ cadinene and eudesmane chemotypes.
Volatile oil composition and insecticidal activity of some local plants against Sitophilus zeamais
The essential oils from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolen, Thuja orientalis, Cymbopogon citratus, and Eucalyptus camaldunensis plants were obtained using hydrodistillation method. The oil composition were reviewed using literature and are found to have similar prominent compounds, although in different concentration. The insecticidal potential of the oils were carried out against grain pest, Sitophilus zeamais using adult mortality, adult emergence, and percentage reduction in adult emergence. The results obtained in adult mortality increases as the exposure time increases even at the lowest concentration. The four plants oil extract were able to evoked 100% mortality of adult Sitophilus zeamais at the rate of 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 1.0ml/20g of maize grains after 72 hours of post treatment. The results obtained from this study revealed that the oil extracts of these plants can be used as insecticides against S. zeamais. These plants are medicinal, biodegradable, readily available and poses no harm to man.
Insects, 2020
Maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais, are stored product pests mostly found in warm and humid regions around the globe. In the present study, acute toxicity via contact and residual bioassay and fumigant bioassay of 28 essential oils as well as their attraction–inhibitory activity against the adults of S. zeamais were evaluated. Chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a compound elimination assay was conducted on the four most active oils (cinnamon, tea tree, ylang ylang, and marjoram oils) to identify major active constituents. Amongst the oils examined, cinnamon oil was the most active in both contact/residual and fumigant bioassays, and exhibited strong behavioral inhibitory activity. Based on the compound elimination assay and chemical analyses, trans-cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil, and terpinen-4-ol in tea tree and marjoram oils were identified as the major active components. Although cinnamon oil seemed promising in the...
Revista de Ciencias Agrícola, 2021
Inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides in pest management programs contribute in ozone depletion, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and resistance. These negative outcomes have diverted attention towards the use of plant products in insect’s population management. In this study, dill (Anethum graveolens) and star anise (Ilicium verum) essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus, and evaluated for repellent, toxic and oviposition inhibitory potential against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by fumigation and contact methods. In toxicity assay by fumigation method, median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 0.316 and 0.243 μlcm-3 air; 0.362 and 0.284 μlcm-3; and 0.497 and 0.418 μlcm-3 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. In contact toxicity assay, LC50 were 0.219 and 0.159 μlcm-2 area; 0.269 and 0.226 μlcm-2; and 0.567 and 0.386 μlcm-2 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48 h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. Both A. graveolens and I. verum oils and limonene reduced progeny production and acetylcholinesterase activity in S. zeamais adults when fumigated with sub-lethal concentrations. The outcomes of this study will help in preparation of essential oil based formulations for stored grain insect pest management.
Insecticidal Activity of 25 Essential Oils on the Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus granarius
Foods, 2021
The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius is a stored product pest found worldwide. Environmental damages, human health issues and the emergence of resistance are driving scientists to seeks alternatives to synthetic insecticides for its control. With low mammal toxicity and low persistence, essential oils are more and more being considered a potential alternative. In this study, we compare the toxicity of 25 essential oils, representing a large array of chemical compositions, on adult granary weevils. Bioassays indicated that Allium sativum was the most toxic essential oil, with the lowest calculated lethal concentration 90 (LC90) both after 24 h and 7 days. Gaultheria procumbens, Mentha arvensis and Eucalyptus dives oils appeared to have a good potential in terms of toxicity/cost ratio for further development of a plant-derived biocide. Low influence of exposure time was observed for most of essential oils. The methodology developed here offers the possibility to test a large array ...
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2020
Plant essential oils contained secondary metabolite chemicals showing toxicities on stored grain insects. The main aims of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal efficacies and chemical compositions of essential oil from C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martini, and P. cablin against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). The GC-MS analysis results showed that, the essential oils of four aromatic plants are rich in citral, neral, geranyl acetate, geraniol, citronellal, geraniol, citronellol, photocitral B, azulene and αguaiene respectively. The essential oils of C. flexuosus with LC 50 values are 44.5 and 26.1 μl/L air after 24 and 48 h exposure which was found to be most potent fumigant than C. winterianus followed by C. martini and P. cablin respectively. Further, in contact toxicity, C. martini oil being the most effective against adults of S. oryzae with LC 50 values of 2.6 and 1.8 μl/cm 2 after 24 and 48 h exposure respectively, whereas moderate toxicity was observed in S. oryzae from the essential oils of C. winterianus and P. cablin. These results suggested that the essential oils extracted from C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martini, and P. cablin can be used as in the management of S. oryzae in order to decrease the harmful effects and risk of synthetic insecticides on human beings. Keywords Cymbopogon species. Pogostemon cablin. Essential oils. GC-MS. Insecticidal efficacy. Sitophilus oryzae Key messages • Evaluated the insecticidal efficacy and chemical composition of essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon martini, and Pogostemon cablin • The essential oils of C. flexuosus and C. martini exhibited potent fumigant and contact toxicities against Sitophilus oryzae • The essential oils were found to be a potent bio-fumigant and contact toxicity to stored grain pests instead of synthetic fumigant and insecticides * Yallappa Rajashekar
2021
Sitophilus zeamais is a serious pest of stored products worldwide. We report for the first time on the repellent and contact toxicity of the essential oils of Myristica fragrans, Cinnamomum verum, Pimenta racemosa, Syzygium aromaticum and Cuminum cyminum against an important stored product pest, Sitophilus zeamais feeding on Pisum sativum. Eugenol was the dominant constituent of both P. racemosa (76.9%) and S. aromaticum (55%), while cinnamaldehyde (62%), cuminaldehyde (89.8%) and elemicin (59%) were the most prevalent components of C. verum, C. cyminum and M. fragrans respectively. Essential oils of M. fragrans, P. racemosa, C. verum and S. aromaticum were repellents at concentrations of 4 and 8µL/mL. M. fragrans essential oil was the most toxic against S. zeamais with 100% mortality occurring within 2 days at 100µL/mL. Significant mortality was also observed with C. verum essential oil causing 78% and 97% of deaths at concentrations of 75 and 100µL/mL respectively. The LC50 values for M. fragrans and C. verum oils were 10.16 and 56.47µL/mL with the corresponding LT50 values of 1.44 and 2.48 days respectively. These results indicate that the essential oils from M. fragrans and C. verum may be explored as potential natural repellent and contact insecticides against S. zeamais in stored products.
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2013
Medicinal plant species were tested for their fumigant activity against Spodoptera littoralis third instar larvae. Responses varied according to plant species and parts used. For the present investigation, volatile oils were obtained from: Foeniculum vulgare (flowers and seeds), Coriandrum sativum (seeds), Daucus carota (flowers), Pelargonium graveolens (leaves and flowers), Origanum majorana (leaves and flowers), and Salvia officinalis (leaves). Fumigant activity was observed after 24 hours of exposure. All essential oils were proved to be toxic to the third instar larvae. However, the highest mortality was observed in the essential oil of S. officinalis leaves, C. sativum seeds, F. vulgare seeds, D. carota flowers, and O. majorana leaves with LC50 = 23.050 μl/l air, 68.925 μl/l air, 95.075 μl/l air, 99.300 μl/l air, and 100.925 μl/l air, respectively. Other oils showed an LC50 between 101 and 183 μl/l air.
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences
Essential oils of aromatic plants with insecticidal properties are more and more considered as alternative insecticides to protect stored products. Many banned insecticides have high persistence which allow them to occur at several levels of trophic chains. The aim of the present work is to analyse the persistence of insecticidal activity of crude essential oil of three most used local aromatic plants : Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), Hyptis spicigera L. (Lamiaceae) and Lippia rugosa L. (Verbenaceae) towards the four majors stored product insect pests: Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., Sitophilus oryzae L., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. This research revealed that H. spicigera essential oil was the most active towards S. oryzae with a LD50 = 20.18ppm. T. castaneum was the less sensitive insect to the three essential oils tested. During a period of 24 hours L. rugosa essential oil was the most persistent, showing mortalities for S. zeamais of 80%, S. oryzae more than 60%, C. maculatus 100% and T. castaneum 50%. The two other oils tested were not as persistent as L. rugosa. This important persistence of the essential oil of L. rugosa could be explained by its high content of oxygenated compounds compared to that of the other oils. This most interesting essential oil is therefore a suitable one for popularisation in strategies of pest management in storage.
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2011
Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera, Zingiber zerumbet, Curcuma zedoaria and their major compounds; camphene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, a-humulene, isoborneol, a-pinene, b-pinene and terpinen-4-ol was investigated with adults of Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, Anisopteromalus calandrae and Trichogramma deion larvae. The last two insects are parasitoids commonly used to control stored-product weevils and moths. The trial was evaluated at 0, 37, 74, 148, 296, 444, 593 mL/L in air after 12, 24 and 48 h for S. zeamais, T. castaneum and A. calandrae, and 24 h for T. deion. Alpinia conchigera oils were toxic to S. zeamais, T. castaneum and T. deion, while the other two plant oils had low toxicity. Adults of S. zeamais and T. castaneum were more susceptible to A. conchigera oils than their eggs, larvae or pupae. Sitophilus zeamais adults (LC 50 85 mL/L in air) were slightly more tolerant of A. conchigera oils than T. castaneum (LC 50 73 mL/L in air) after 48 h exposure. Synthetic essential oils, a mixture of pure compounds in the same ratios of the extracted essential oils, were tested with S. zeamais and T. castaneum adults. Synthetic essential oils were more toxic than the extracted essential oils to both insects. Zingiber zerumbet oils (LC 50 26 mL/L in air) and C. zedoaria oils (LC 50 25 mL/L in air) were significantly more toxic to adults of A. calandrae than A. conchigera oils (LC 50 37 mL/L in air) whereas T. deion larvae were more sensitive to A. conchigera oils (LC 50 62 mL/L in air) than Z. zerumbet and C. zedoaria oils (LC 50 > 593 mL/L in air). Tribolium castaneum was more susceptible than S. zeamais to the eight pure compounds. Terpinen-4-ol was highly toxic to both insects.