An in vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Nicotiana tabacum L. sourced from the Western Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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The Open Microbiology Journal, 2017
Background: Controlling infectious disease using medicinal plants is the oldest healthcare known to mankind. Regardless of the enormous advances observed in modern medicine, medicinal plants are still playing vital roles. However, only a small proportion of medicinal plants are examined for bioactive compounds which may vary in different factors. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum L. extracted by different solvents against three set of bacteria. Methods: Nicotiana tabacum L. was collected from the Western Ethiopia and extracted in seven organic solvents. An in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion assay against microbial type culture collection of human pathogens, clinical bacterial isolates, and biofilm forming bacteria. Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical constituents. Results: Antimicrobial activities of plant extract vary by extraction solvents; and ethyl acetate based extracts showed better antimicrobial activities. Of the experimental organisms, biofilm forming uropathogens were the most sensitive while clinical isolates were quite resistant. Analysis of the active ethyl acetate extract by GC-MS evinced a mixture of five volatile compounds; and Pyridine, 3-(1methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) was the major compound detected. The overall results of the present study revealed that N. tabacum L extract has high antimicrobial activities against biofilm forming uropathogens. Conclusion: High antimicrobial activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of N. tabacum against the biofilm forming bacteria whereas the clinically isolated bacteria were the most resistant group. The antibacterial property demonstrated could be due to Pyridine, 3-(1methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S) with a broad spectrum of activity.
Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Proximate Composition of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Extract
2019
Nicotiana tabacum has been widely used as a therapeutic plant in Asian countries including China, India, Cambodia, Nepal, Malaysia and Iran. The leaves of Nicotiana tabacum have been reported to activate biological mechanisms such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic and anti-Alzheimer’s activities. This study was conducted to investigate the proximate, antimicrobial and phytochemical composition of tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) extract. Nicotiana tabacum leaves were subjected to proximate analysis and the alcoholic extract was investigated for antimicrobial inhibition against a wide range of bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The extract was also investigated for phytochemical composition. The alcohol extract subjected to analyses was prepared using 95% ethanol as extracting solvent. The proximate analysis showed that the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum contain significantly high protein, carbohydrate and fibre while the fat, ash and moisture content w...
International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of phytoconstituents in the extracts of Convolvulus microphyllus, Acacia nilotica, Withania somnifera, Tribullus terrestris, and Citrullus colocynthis, and to test their anti-microbial activity against the most common strains causing bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). The dried powdered plant parts were extracted using five different solvents in a Soxhlet apparatus for 48 h at a temperature ranging from 60 to 80°C. These extracts were used for preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a scan range of 450 to 4000/cm and 4/cm resolution and GC-MS analysis were carried out to analyse the samples for the presence of phytochemicals having antimicrobial activity. The methanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris was found to have the most promising antibacterial properties. The results revealed that the methanolic extract of Tribullus terrestris displayed significant antimicrobial activity against the uropathogens, especially against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Phytochemicals like steroids, glycosides and alkaloids were found in the methanolic extracts of T. terrestris. FTIR analysis and GC-MS revealed the presence of 50 compounds. We conclude that the methanolic extract of T. terrestris fruit has more potent antimicrobial activity than other extracts and standard antibiotics used in this study. In the future, additional investigation will be required to isolate the active compound, undertake toxicological investigations, and start a clinical trial.
Research Article Plant Extracts as Antibiofilm Agents
Antimicrobial agents have been used for the treatment of different microbial infections on human health. Biofilm producing bacteria exist in biofilm and with stand harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents. Most microbial infections caused by biofilm producing bacteria are resistance to conventional therapy. Researchers have been prompted to identify alternatives for the treatment of such infections. In the recent past, there has been an increased interest in the therapeutic properties of some medicinal plants and natural compounds which have demonstrated for their antibiofilm activities. Present study aimed to isolate and characterize the biofilm strain. Microtitre plate assay was used to confirm the biofilm producing ability of the bacteria. Different plant sources have been screened for their antibiofilm activity. Biofilm formation was studied using pH and temperatures. It was observed that the biofilm formation by these bacteria was growth dependent. The leaf extract of Pongamia pinnata showed significant antibiofilm activity.
The present study deals with extraction and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette. The extracts in organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and ethanol were prepared for the study. Ethyl acetate extracts of Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette showed presence of steroids, tannin and saponin. Ethanolic extract of both showed presence of diterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, tannin, coumarin, phenols and saponin while cigarette are rich in tannin and flavonoids. Antimicrobial activity of Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette extracts were tested against Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger by agar well diffusion method. The ethyl acetate extract of both samples showed significant range of inhibitory effect against Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus cereus but the ethanolic extract is more effective. The extracts were further analyzed by TLC and GCMS which showed presence of bioactive compounds in the Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette. The ethyl acetate extract of Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette, also showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum along with ethanolic extract. Thus, these results confirm the presence of antibacterial and antifungal compounds in Nicotiana tabacum and cigarette while compounds in cigarette shows higher zone of inhibition hence both the samples can be used as a source of antibiotics.
Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, 2018
This study was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hot ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromatic (S.aromatic ) and Q.infectoria infectoria (gall) against pathogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infection (UTI). Such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Qualitative detection of the active compounds of the plant extracts was done with chemical reagents. Also, the Qualitative detection of the active groups was further verified with (FTIR). The sensitivity of the UTI causing bacteria was examined against 12 different antibiotics. The results show that E.coli was the most resistant bacteria, resisting 8 from 12 antibiotics; P.aeruginosa resisted 5 from 12 antibiotics; while S.aureus showed resistance to 4 only. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was investigated by using four concentrations (40, 60, 80, 100 mg/ml) for each extract against two types of Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa), and one type of ...
Scientific Reports
Escherichia coli is the dominant bacterial cause of UTI among the uropathogens in both developed and developing countries. This study is to investigate the effect of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract on the survival and biofilm of isolated pathogens to reduce UTIs diseases. A total of 170 urine samples were collected from Luxor general hospital and private medical analysis laboratories in Luxor providence, Egypt. Samples were screened for the incidence of uropathogens by biochemical tests, antibiotics susceptibility, detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes by multiplex PCR, biofilm formation, and time-killing assay. Escherichia coli is by far the most prevalent causative agent with the percentage of 73.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Isolates were multidrug-resistant containing bla TEM , bla SHV , bla ctX , qnrs, and aac(3)-Ia resistant genes. All isolates were sensitive to 15-16.7 mg ml −1 of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract. Time killing assay confirmed the bactericidal effect of the extract over time (20-24 h). A high percentage of 3-Cyclohexane-1-Carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl (23.5%); á-Selinene (15.12%); Oleic Acid (14.52%); Globulol (11.35%) were detected among 19 bioactive phytochemical compounds in the aqueous extract of A. nilotica over the GC-mass spectra analysis. The plant extract reduced significantly the biofilm activity of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and P. aeuroginosa by 62.6, 59. 03, 48.9 and 39.2%, respectively. The challenge to improve the production of A. nilotica phytochemicals is considered a very low price for the return. Urinary tract infections (UTI S) are one of the most prevalent and predominant nosocomial human infections. It infects patients of all ages and both gender with the greatest occurrence in females 1. Signs and symptoms may include fever, chills, dysuria, urinary urgency, frequency, and cloudy or malodorous urine 2. UTIs are caused by a variety of bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Pseudomonas sp., S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sp., and Citrobacter sp. 3. Each organism has its virulence genes that contribute to its invasion and toxicity. The increasing prevalence of UTI and antibiotic-resistant bacteria have made empirical antibiotic treatment more and more difficult 4. A urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests are important for diagnosing the disease, recommending suitable antibiotics, and reducing the number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens 2. On the other hand, the genus Acacia belongs to the Leguminosae family. It contains more than 1,350 species, distributed throughout tropical and warm areas 5. Several species of Acacia have been proven as significant antibacterial and antifungal agents 6,7. It also has a great effect against multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria initiating nosocomial and community-acquired infections 8. The plant is a tree with yellow mimosa-like flowers and long grey pods 9. The use of plants and herbs extract in the therapy of human disease is very ancient traditions and scientists in Africa and other developing countries are carrying research on local plants numerous in the continent for use in conventional medicine 10. The current study was performed to determine the resistant
In vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Potential of Some Commercial Herbal Products
Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Natural plant products have been widely used as an alternative approach to treat microbial infections to overcome issues of antibiotics-associated side effects and the emergence of resistant pathogens. One of the most popular infections causing significant morbidity and death toll is urinary tract infection. This study is designed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of four commercial herbal products against five uropathogenic clinical isolates. In vitro, well diffusion assay and crystal violet staining techniques were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects respectively. Antimicrobial effect was reported for Renalka™ against Enterococcus faecium, ROWAtinex® against Staphylococcus aureus and E. faecium and UROCLEAR against Candida albicans. A significant antibiofilm effect, semi-quantified by stained biomass, was reported for all of the products included in the study against the tested pathogens but to a varying degree. Medicinal herbal products can exert a substantial prophylactic antibiofilm effect in addition to their beneficial health effects in treating urological pathologies.
Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences, 2017
This study was done to evaluated the antibacterial activity of hot ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromatic (S.aromatic) and Quercus infectoria infectoria (gall) against pathogenic bacteria that causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Qualitative detection of active compounds was done with chemical reagents. The result showed that the extracts of Q.infectoria infectoria was composed of the saponin, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, Resins, coumarin, glycosides, alkaloids and volatile oils. Also the Qualitative detection of the active groups was further verified with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The sensitivity of bacteria was examined against 12 different antibiotics. The results show that E.coli was the most resistant bacteria, resisting 8 antibiotics; P.aeruginosa resisted 5 antibiotics; while S.aureus resistance to 4 only. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was investigated for each extracts against bacteria mention above, the plant extracts showed different effects on the growth of all bacterial strains. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined. The kill-time was determined for each extract.The antioxidant activity of the plants in the study was investigated. Compiled results show that all plant extracts have antioxidant effect but that varied depending on the type of the plant and extract. The toxicity of the plant extracts was examined on human red blood cells. It was concluded that the plants do not exhibit any toxicity except for the extracts of Q.infectoria which caused the agglomeration and precipitation of the red blood cell.
2015
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infection with an incidence rate of 25-80% of females. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of uropathogens and antimicrobial activity of four medicinal plants viz., tulsi, amla, neem and henna against the uropathogens. A total of 100 uropathogens were recovered. E. coli was the most prevalent uropathogen. Pseudomonas, Proteus, Staphylococcus, KlebsiellaSerratiaand Alcaligenes were also recovered. The aqueous extract of all medicinal plants exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against all uropathogens. The aqueous extract of henna exhibited maximum activity against Serratia(23.7±0.47 mm) while that of amla exhibited maximum antibacterial property against E. coli(24.7±0.40mm). The aqueous extract of tulsi showed highest potential against E. coli (17.7±0.34 mm) while that of neem was most effective against Proteus (23.7±0.47mm). These medicinal plants exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against uropa...