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Organizational Culture as Intention: A New Approach to Organizational Liability for Mens Rea Crimes
In this presentation, I posit that if we want to hold organizations responsible for intentional crimes on a principled basis, we must treat them as collective entities endowed with a distinct ability to produce outcomes deliberately and in full awareness of their consequences. To date, however, the two dominant legal approaches for determining organizational intention ignore the organization and impose liability on the basis of the culpable intention of discrete individuals within the organization. In order to reimagine intention in a way that reflects the collective nature of organizations, I propose a hybrid framework that combines a rational/structural perspective on organizations with elements from organization culture approaches. The rational/structural perspective – with its emphasis on organizations as social structures deliberately designed to convert intentions into outcomes for the purpose the rational pursuit of common goals – provides a clear basis on which to say that organizations are independent actors capable of advertence, to be distinguished from the individuals within them. What organization culture adds is a means of determining when this collective capacity has been exercised with the kind of subjective appreciation of consequences that is required for mens rea liability. By focusing on the shared underlying assumptions that set the parameters within which a given organization pursues its goals, it is possible to characterize the impetus behind an organizational outcome as a deliberate, but inherently collective, choice, made as a function of specific considerations that are unique to the organization, but not tied to any one individual. Applying this approach expands the unduly narrow ambit of what constitutes an intentional organizational crime by dispensing with the requirement that to be criminal an organizational outcome necessarily be linked to individual culpable intention.
Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CiTUR) in cooperation with ITC'18 X International Tourism Congress, 2018
Hoy el turismo gastronómico es un apasionante campo de estudio. Varios países buscan ser atractivos debido a su patrimonio gastronómico, sin embargo, es muy difícil determinar cuál de ellos está haciendo lo mejor para convertirse en un destino turístico gastronómico. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el desarrollo del turismo gastronómico de los países de América del Sur por medio de sus sitios web oficiales. La metodología se basó en una valoración a través del método de conteo, compuesto por 41 indicadores de tipología general, que miden la naturaleza del valor agregado en una cadena de valor. Los resultados son impresionantes porque, aunque hay varios esfuerzos de las OGD de los países de América del Sur para promover el turismo gastronómico, sus sitios web no lo demuestran, por lo tanto, pierden muchas oportunidades para lograr este objetivo.
Various strategies and methods have been suggested to develop creativity in design. Searching for new methods for developing creativity is a part of design education as well. The aim of the research on creativity or creative thinking is to reveal how creative thinking emerges and what stimulates human mind to be creative. Creativity is in one hand, a subjective issue and understanding the structure of it would help teaching design students how to become creative. As creative thinking is subjective and is related to psycho-neurological mechanisms in human mind, it has a mysterious nature. Creative process includes both analytical and intuitive aspects. Intuitive part of it is very complicated to explain. In this paper, an experimental design study conducted to improve creative thinking is presented. It is a methodological approach to create unconventional and extraordinary associations and relations between object and concepts. Also, it suggests a method to transform or mutate objects / scenes into “anything”. The result of the transformation or mutation can be anything, but in this study a keyword is given to the participants: spatial. In order to transform or mutate the starting object or to form extraordinary associations between objects, some instruments such as abstraction and simplification are used by the participants. Yet, this experimental study does not suggest a “legal” method to design something. It is more likely a mental exercise to improve creative thinking and to flex the borders of human mind. http://www.awer-center.org/abstracts/WCES%202016%20Abstracts%20Book.pdf
Realization of a Desired Future: Innovation in Education
Today and tomorrow, the world needs individuals who can manipulate critical and creative thinking skills to solve problems as a team. With technology, the way knowledge is obtained, constructed and communicated have completely transformed and altered. When it comes to education, it is a matter of question whether education is capable of creating critical and creative thinkers who can answer the needs of social and economic world of today and tomorrow. On the other hand, computers and smart devices are threatening the integrity of knowledge and knowing by damaging the authority of teachers in classrooms changing the way teachers are perceived. Therefore, terms such as guide, facilitator or coach have started to sound interchangeable with the word teacher. It is a widely known fact that schools are the learning environment for children. However, it is not certain how much they learn and how much of the content is supported by the ICT. At an age when people are surrounded by technology all the time at work, in schools and everywhere, technological tools and smart devices have advanced too fast. The advances in technological devices used everyday have gone faster than the advances in educational research and pedagogical approaches which incorporate educational technologies. This being the case, innovation in educational activities can be ensured through an understanding of the benefits of using technologies in education. This study is aimed at presenting that innovation in education is to be handled carefully. In order for this, this paper reviews the previous studies regarding innovation as a prerequisite for novel learning environments and revising strategies for successful adaption of technology to education, thus creating innovative learning environments. In conclusion, innovation is of vital importance in transforming and reconstructing the learning environments along with the curricula, the role of the teacher and teacher training.
The Role of Higher Education in The Process of Globalization: 21st Century Challenges and Setbacks
Acknowledging that it is a global world now, it is quite difficult to deny that there is a thorough interaction between higher education and globalization where economic, cultural and social matters of individual nations are handled from international and global perspectives. Today's global economy is heavily dependent upon knowledge and innovation. It is higher education’s responsibility to train the highly qualified workforce that is supposed to have the necessary skills for research and innovation and that can manipulate the existing know-how and pile of research for the sake of global expansion. Higher education mainly acts as a bridge for cultural exchange among borders and promotes mutual understanding for constructing global networks to be deployed in the future. Besides, as a result of great advances in technology and high-tech telecommunication, exchange of students, faculty, ideas and funds have changed the nature of higher education over the past years; so what higher education does and how it acts during the process of globalization needs to monitored and analyzed closely. The aim of this study is to present the importance and the role of globalization in higher education. Next, this study reviews the previous studies conducted on higher education in a globalized world and its challenges, concluding that higher education plays a major role in bringing about the reforms and regulations required by globalization.
The Profile of Teacher on Movies
Movies are used as educational material by some lecturers with the spread of technology-based activities in education. Some insructors, occasionally, benefit from movies for training of cadidate teachers in the faculty of education. Especially, movies, about teachers, can be important training materials used by lecturers who want to provide a productive training environment by offering some sample events to their students in order to discuss issues about classroom environment, professional skills, teacher attitudes and behaviors in terms of positive and negative examples. But there is no study describing teacher profile in the movies and establishing ideas that being about how a teacher model we will carry to courses through these films. The target of this study is to examine teacher profile processed in movies in terms of several categories. This study was conducted with document analysis method of qualitative research methods. 10 films were selected as a sample in accordance with the criterion sampling method of purposive sampling. The teachers’ profiles who play as main character in movies have been examined on the basis of various categories: (a) individual personality characteristics (values owned or defended, skills, professional knowledge, openness to development, etc.) (b) the perpective to educational system and students, (c) the methods and techniques used in the educational and evaluation processes, (d) the spiritual atmosphere of the class, (e) the private life reflected. Verbal and unverbal scenes, providing appropriate data for analiysis, were taken as the unit of analiysis in these categories. In these scenes, the dialogue directly and the non-verbal scenes by depicting were converted to text and data were analyzed in these texts. Descriptive statistical procedures were applied to data so frequency and percentage calculations were made. And also, codes, categories and themes were created to explain teacher profile by applying content analysis. Data were supplemented with direct quotations.
Proceedings Book – X International Tourism Congress (ITC’18), 13-15 November 2018, Quito, Ecuador, 2018
The debate about migration and human mobility has been generalized in almost all spheres throughout history, even they were not completely aware and willing to leave their countries or receive foreigners as well. However, during the last years the Venezuelan crisis has forced their peoples to leave the country and look for new places to live. Several countries have hosted millions of those immigrants; countries the world. Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced this phenomenon throughout their such as Colombia., Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Brazil. Unfortunately, several xenophobic breakouts have been witnessed already. Ecuador receives thousands of Venezuelan immigrants that have settled in some of its cities. Our country is considered as a transit country as well, being part of the route to southern destinies. The presence of this increased amount of people has affected different fields, and tourism and accommodation is one of these. It is sad to mention that several companies have decided to hire immigrants, some of them do not even have a legal status which promotes unequal and unfair treatment. Some of them pay less than the minimum wage, others have also physically abused their workers, among others. There are several consequences in terms of xenophobia however the affections to the image and reputation of the touristic destiny are still unknown. One of the aims of this research is to identify the perception that touristic business owners that operate in Quito have towards Venezuelan immigrants; as well as the opinions of people whose area of incidence is La Mariscal (Touristic Special Area) of what they think about the image of this place. We used a descriptive and quantitative focus which was based on surveys that were applied to the owners of business that are part of the registry of the Ministry of Tourism that are located in the study area. The citizens that were present were asked as well. The results were analyzed using R studio software. We could conclude that in Europe there are xenophobic breakouts that respond to race and work inequalities while in Quito owners see immigration as an opportunity to lower costs and therefore make more money. The hiring of Venezuelan immigrants is also detrimental to the image of the touristic destiny since people have xenophobic attitudes towards this population.