Public Transportation Energy Planning by Network Analysis-A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley (original) (raw)
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The current trade embargo imposed by India has created an acute fuel crisis in Nepal which has stranded more than 50% of public vehicles affecting the supply of all the necessities and daily life of people. This study has shown some alternative ways to manage the vehicle fuel demand especially for urban transportation in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The modeling tool, Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAPS) has been used to develop a bottom-up model to estimate the energy demand and environmental emissions in the Kathmandu valley for the period 2016-2030 AD. Besides the Reference scenario, four alternative scenarios (Public Bus Penetration, Improved Fuel Economy, Electric Motorbike and Hybrid Electric Car) have been developed. In the Reference scenario, the cumulative energy demand will reach 142,092 thousand GJ within the analysis period. About 65% of this demand comes from motorbikes and light duty vehicles. If all of the alternative scenarios are implemented togethe...
Journal of the Institute of Engineering
With rapid growing economies and population, there is an increasing trend of expansion of urban sprawl and auto-mobilization, in the cities of the Kathmandu Valley. With the rise in travel demand, transport energy is becoming a major concern for planners and policymakers. This paper aims to study the transport energy of daily trips that constitute work and educational trips, in context of the Kathmandu Valley. The study demonstrates the applicability of a 4-step travel demand model for the assessment of energy-saving measures in urban transport system by formulating scenarios. The results show that currently, daily trips consume 3666 TJ annually. Cars and motorcycles contribute to most of the consumption, accounting for over 80% of the total transport energy. As a mitigation measure to reduce transport energy, the introduction of the efficient public transport system in the form of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) along major corridors, could bring down transport energy consumption s...
Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2020
Growing demand for transport activities has raised numerous transport problems, mainly traffic congestion, environmental and energy issues. Efficient public bus services can be one of the sustainable solutions for meeting local transport demands. But the inefficient operation of public bus services in most of the developing countries has worsened the situation. The multiple service providers, in such open market, compete with each other for their own benefits by adding the number of bus services rather than providing excellent services to users. Accordingly, the number of buses increases that result in higher energy demand and GHG emission. This paper thus aims to analyze the impact of such informal and unregulated transport system prevalent in most of the developing countries focusing mainly on energy and the environment point of views. The study is carried out for the case of Kathmandu valley where the public bus service is owned and operated by multiple service providers. ArcGIS ...
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The government of Nepal is planning to develop electric bus (e-bus) fleet in Kathmandu valley with an aim to reduce the city pollution. The SajhaYatayat, a governmental institution operating public buses in different routes of Kathmandu valley, is going to purchase e-bus for public services. The aim of this research is to develop models with which the number of buses can be minimized, and the best charging facility can be adopted by using Linear Programming and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) respectively. The six prominent routes of Sajha Yatayat were taken for models optimization. Many constraints affect the optimal number of buses that can be deployed in the routes. The data available from SajhaYatayat and the specification of the e-bus were the basic input parameters for linear programming model. The technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used to choose model charging facility among different models. The optimization results...
Energy demand and environmental implications in urban transport — Case of Delhi
Atmospheric Environment, 1996
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2015
The public transportation industry is facing significant problems in all size cities in India. This study is concerned of assessment of public transport demand for Gwalior Division and identifies the major factors for poor ridership with estimation of the probable shift of personal vehicle users to public transport due to the increase in its level of service also identifies ways to account for qualitative factors in the public transport project evaluation by adjusting travel time values to reflect comfort and convenience. For this Data Envelopment Analysis is used, it is a non-parametric method of efficiency measurement. To calculate Efficiency of Madhya Pradesh State Transport undertaking there are three input variables and one output variable are considered. Input variables include total number of employees, total number of buses, and total Bus-km per year and the output includes total revenue. Results from DEA indicate that there is a need in improvement of public transport system. A serious effort should be made to improve the productivity efficiency of public transport operators so that they can enhance both quality as well as quantity of public transport service. In order to improve traffic conditions the relation between socioeconomic feature and the mobility of the people is very important issue. To analyze some socioeconomic features of study area Discrete Choice Modeling is applied. The utility function, derived out of the choice sets help to observe the attractiveness of each alternative, for a given trip. In order to assess and reduce air pollution due to road transportation two approaches are considered-(i)Macroscopic (ii) Microscopic.
Urbanization and its Impact on Transport Sector Energy use in Kathmandu Valley
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This paper tries to explore the relationship between urbanization and transport sector energy use in the Kathmandu valley. The paper uses econometric analysis to first obtain the elasticity of urban population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to forecast the future energy demand in transport sector. The base year is 2013 and energy demand and emission is forecasted up to 2030. The result of the research shows that the demand in 2030 increases by more than four times its value in 2013. Similarly, the pollutants emitted from gasoline vehicles increased more than that from diesel vehicle. The emission of CO2 increase by less than 3.5 times while that carbon mono-oxide (CO)and Methane (CH4) increased by as much as 5 times. It shows there is a need of policy to reduce consumptionof imported fossil fuels there by reducing local and global environmental emissions for sustainable development.
Improving Energy Efficiency in the Transport Sector of Nepal
Increasing transport sector energy demand is one of the main challenges for energy security and climate change. Globally, the transport sector consumes approximately one-fifth of global primary energy and is highly dependent on oil. A greener and more sustainable transport system as a result of reduction in transport sector energy consumption through appropriate policy interventions can provide significant benefits for energy security, improved health, better environment, economic development and saving in individual user fuel costs. Nepal’s Transport sector alone consumes about 58% of the total petroleum products followed by residential sector. An accelerated increase in number of vehicles and vehicular movement has caused an almost 13% annual average growth in the transport sector energy consumption during the period of 1994 to 2013 AD which may be even higher in the future due to industrial growth and development. Improving energy efficiency of the country in general and of the transport sector in particular has not been yet of priority concern neither for the policy makers nor for the individual users due to various barriers including lack of education, training, information and knowledge. In this context, an attempt has been made in this paper to identify/recommend some appropriate potential policy measures to improve the energy efficiency in the transport sector of Nepal.
Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, 2021
Kathmandu is Rapidly growing city where the Crisis due to centralization is foreseen in Transportation sector due to lack of proper Planning and Vision prior of establishing settlement. The Current status of Transportation system in Kathmandu is quite alarming in absence of well-organized Public Transportation system. The growth of Vehicles and simultaneously lack of improvements of existing facilities and traffic management have resulted in unorganized improvement of Traffic thereby increasing congestion, accidents and decrease in vehicle speed affecting road capacity. So using managed Scientific system to decrease jam causing parameters with most planned system and replacing the existing Systems by modern facilities, the problem can be reduced. Introduction of Bus rapid transit by gradual replacement of old transportation systems by providing a bus lane can be promising remedial measure to optimize public transportation system in Kathmandu valley