Taxus globosa Schltdl. (Mexican yew) and Taxus baccata L. (European yew): intra and interspecies analysis of taxol content and biological activity according to different sources (original) (raw)
Related papers
Taxus Sp. Sourse of Anticancer Agent Taxol
Taxus baccata or the European yew is an ancient tree distributed throughout the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree that has been historically used in gardening, furniture, weapons and medicine, and is poisonous except for the fruit. The pharmacologically most valuable active compounds obtained from the yew are taxane diterpenoids, particularly taxol, which has a powerful antitumor activity. This compound is indicated for the treatment of different cancers, especially metastatic carcinoma of the ovary or metastatic breast cancer. Recommended regimens depend on the cancer type, previous treatments and posterior serious side effects.
Cell Culture of Taxus as a Source of the Antineoplastic Drug Taxol and Related Taxanes
Bio/technology, 1992
Callus eultures of Taxus cuspidata and Taxus canadensis were indueed using different tissue explants including green and red arils, seed eontents, young stems and needles. Callus derived from stem segments displayed the best growth in de:fined media. The eulture medium was supplemented with reducing agents and phenolie-binding eompounds to inhibit eallus darkening and subsequent growth reduetion. T. cuspidata explant growth was affected hy difIerent eoneentrations and ratios of 2,4-D and kinetin. Callus tissues of T. cuspidata were extraeted for taxol after 2 months in eulture and analysed hy HPLC. The presenee of taxol (0.020 ± 0.005% of the extraeted dry weight) was indicated based on retention time, UV. speetra, peak purity as assessed by photo-diode array speetroseopy and eompared with an authentic taxol standard, as well as by IH-NMR analysis. Suspension eultures of T. cuspidata were established from the eallus eultures, subsequently immobilized onto glass fiber mats, and maintained as immobilized cultures for 6 months, The immobilized eell eultures also produeed taxol at levels up to 0.012 ± 0.007% of the extraeted dry weight.
Production of the anticancer drug taxol in Taxus baccata suspension cultures: A review
Process Biochemistry, 2011
Plant cell factories constitute an alternative source of high added value phytochemicals such as the anticancer drug taxol (generic name paclitaxel), biosynthesized in Taxus spp. The growing demand for taxol and its derivatives, due to a specific action mechanism and the scarcity of the taxane ring in nature, has made this group of compounds one of the most interesting targets for biotechnological production. This review is focused on recent advances in the production of taxol and related taxanes in Taxus baccata, the taxol-producing European yew, using cell suspension culture technology. The review contains a brief description of the botany and phytochemistry of T. baccata, as well as the chemical structure of taxol and the molecular requirements for its anticancer effects. After a short overview of taxol production at an industrial level, the review focuses on taxol biosynthesis in plant cells and the attempts to produce taxol in T. baccata cell cultures, giving particular emphasis to the optimization steps that have improved production, and including the most recently developed new tools. Finally, the future prospects for the biotechnological production of taxol are also discussed.
Taxol as an Anticancer Agent: A Review
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy
The development of Taxol (paclitaxel) as an anticancer drug is reviewed. Paclitaxel (formerly called taxol), an important anticancer drug, inhibits cell replication by binding to and stabilizing microtubule polymers. As drug-receptor interactions are governed by the three-dimensional stereochemistry of both participants. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a chemotherapy drug widely used to treat different types of solid tumours (e.g. ovarian, breast, and pancreatic). Taxol acts by hyper-stabilizing microtubules, inhibiting mitosis and eventually causing cell apoptosis. Taxol belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs called plant alkaloids. Plant alkaloids are made from plants. From long time paclitaxel is used to induce mitotic arrest, which is responsible for cell death in a subset of the arrested population. Now it is demonstrated that intra-tumoral concentration of paclitaxel are low to produce mitotic arrest and which result in multi polar division instead. It may possible that this insight can be used to develop a biomarker to identify the 50% patients may set benefit from paclitaxel therapy. This review includes common and less common side effects for individuals taking Taxol. Side effects that is very rare, occurring in less than 10% of patients. Here I discuss the history of paclitaxel and our recently evolved understanding of its mechanism of action.
Biotechnological Production of Taxol and Related Taxoids: Current State and Prospects
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2009
Taxol is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs ever developed. The natural source of taxol is the inner bark of several Taxus species, but it accumulates at a very low concentration and with a prohibitively high cost of extraction. Another problem is that the use of inner bark for taxol production implies the destruction of yew trees. For all these reasons, the growing demand for taxol greatly exceeds the supply that can be sustained by isolation from its natural source and alternative sources of the drug are being sought. Although taxol has been prepared by total synthesis, the process is not commercially viable.
Production of Taxol and its Analogues from Cell Cultures of Taxus wallichiana
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2003
Callus cultures of Taxus wallichiana young leaves were established on Gamborg's (B5) medium supplemented with dicamba (2 mg/l), benzyladenine (0.2 mg/l) and glutamine (292 mg/l). The cell cultures were initiated and maintained on B5 medium supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l) and benzyladenine (0.02 mg/l). 0.25 B5 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/l) and zeatin (0.5 mg/l) was found to be suitable as production medium. On HPLC analysis using photodiode array detector, the extracts from cell cultures showed the presence of taxanes, viz., taxol, deacetyl baccatin III (DAB) and baccatin III (BA). Precursors and growth retardants significantly improved the production of taxol, DAB and BA. Phenylalanine (1 mM), sodium benzoate (0.2 mM), hippuric acid (1 mM) and leucine (1 mM) addition enhanced the accumulation of taxol (6, 4.5, 25 and 2 times, respectively), DAB (7, 9.5, 7.5 and 3 times, respectively) and BA (36, 16, 57 and 2 times, respectively) in cultures grown in production medium. Ancymidol (50 mM) and 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (50 mM) addition has shown significant increase in bioproduction of taxol (3 and 11 times, respectively), DAB (3 and 1.5 times, respectively) and BA (16 and 9 times, respectively). However, chlorocholine chloride (1 mM) improved the production of DAB (2.5 times) and taxol (1.7 times) only.
Journal of Immunological Methods, 1993
A rapid and sensitive indirect competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) method has been developed for quantitating taxanes in extracts of Tuxus breuifoliu Nutt. tissue and in human plasma. High titer rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb) were raised against a conjugate of 7-succinyltaxol and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The presence of taxane analyte competitively inhibited the binding of the rabbit anti-taxane pAbs to a 7-succinyltaxol-bovine serum albumin solid phase coating antigen. The CIEIA detected taxol and cephalomannine in concentrations as low as 0.3 ng/ml (3.5 X lop4 PM), but did not detect baccatin III or lo-deacetylbaccatin III at concentrations below 1000 ng/ml (1.7 PM and 1.8 PM, respectively). This method is useful for estimating the taxane content of T. breuifoliu extracts and may be useful for monitoring the taxol plasma level of taxol-treated patients.