Composition and spatial structure of avian mixed-species flocks in a high-Andean Polylepis forest in Bolivia (original) (raw)

Abstract

We determined the composition and organization of avian mixed-species foraging flocks during the non-breeding season from April to August 2000 in a high-Andean forest fragment of Polylepis besseri (Rosaceae) (3710-3880 m a.s.l., 11 ha) in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Forest birds were color-banded monthly starting December 1999. Sixty-three observations of flocks were made containing a total of 10 species with a mean (± SD) of 2.8 ± 0.9 species and 5.4 ± 1.8 individuals per flock. The entire Polylepis bird community contained 30 core species. Since the forest was small, most flocks contained at least some of the same individuals. Three species occurred in > 70% (Giant Conebill Oreomanes fraseri, Tawny Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura yanacensis, and White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys, with 2.6 ± 0.6, 1.9 ± 0.6, and 1.6 ± 0.5 individuals per flock respectively), one species (Asthenes dorbignyi with 1.4 ± 0.5 individuals per flock) in 21%, and the remaining six species in  5% of...

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