Correction to: Water–food–energy–climate nexus and technology productivity: a Nigerian case study of organic leafy vegetable production (original) (raw)
Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Food Production In Nigeria
Scientific Applications Research eConference SciAppRes-eCon2023, 2023
The interconnectedness of climate change and food production is a Siamese twin that cannot function without each other. The direct effect of climate change on food production can come in diverse ways, including changes in average rainfall, temperatures, extreme climate, and changes in terms of pest and disease manifestation. Thus, understanding the Impact of climate on food production in Nigeria necessitated this research. The methodology adopted a systematic literature review to locate and broadly synthesise research on climate change, the food security situation in Nigeria, the significant Influence of climate change on food production, and the threats posed by climate variations on Quality food production in Nigeria. Two inclusion criteria were created to screen for relevant studies from the literature: (1) journal articles published between 2000 and 2021 and (2) keywords that are related to the issue under consideration. This approach uncovered 47 articles published between 2000-2022 and 4 online expert opinion articles appropriately referenced. Evidence shows that extreme temperature and disparity in rainfall patterns are the two climate change variables that have a high impact on quality food production in Nigeria. Conclusively, we posited that the rising numbers of Nigerians starving and malnourished point to the fact that food security in the country is unimaginably low and, if not addressed, would continue to stimulate hunger. We recommend that sustainable farming systems, adaptations of new technologies, and innovations must be incorporated. Also, Support from the government at the federal and state levels is central and essential to achieving the goal of a food-secure nation.
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Nigerian Agriculture
2016
This report examines how extreme weather conditions have affected the mean and variance of the yield of 18 food crops in Nigeria over a period of 42 years . The analysis at the State level was reduced to five Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) priority crops and covered 22 years due to data scarcity. The framework for the analysis consists of a stochastic production function suggested by Pope (1978, 1979). The results show that the productivity of more than half of the staple crops in Nigeria is threatened by increase in total annual rainfall and extreme temperature nationally and across states in Nigeria. However, such increase is found to have beneficial effects on the productivity of a few crops grown in Northern Nigeria. The economic impact shows that extreme temperature will cause a considerable annual loss in value for most crops except few that are are grown mainly in Northern Nigeria (Borno, Yobe, Kaduna, Kano and Sokoto states) such as millet, melon, and sugarcane. Ce rapport examine comment les conditions météorologiques extrêmes ont affecté la moyenne et la variance des rendements de 18 cultures vivrières au Nigeria sur une période de 42 ans . Du fait de l'absence de donnees, l'analyse au niveau des Etats s'est limitée aux cinq cultures prioritaires identifiees par l'Agenda de Transformation Agricole (ATA) et couvre une periode de 22 ans (1991-2012). Le cadre de l'analyse consiste en une fonction de production stochastique proposée par Just et Pope ( , 1979)). Les résultats montrent que la productivité de plus de la moitié des cultures de base au Nigeria est menacée par l'augmentation de la pluviométrie annuelle totale et les températures extrêmes à l'échelle nationale et à travers les Etats au Nigeria. Cependant, cette augmentation se trouve avoir des effets bénéfiques sur la productivité de quelques plantes cultivées dans le nord du Nigeria. L'impact économique montre que les températures extrêmes entraîneront une perte annuelle de valeur considérable pour la plupart des cultures, sauf quelques-unes qui sont cultivées principalement dans le nord du Nigeria (Borno, Yobe, Kaduna, Kano et Sokoto) telles que le mil, le melon et la canne à sucre.
African Journal of Agricultural
2016
Worldwide emphasis has been placed on designing approaches with regard to the needs of sustainable development. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is one key agricultural development approach aimed at sustainably increasing productivity and resilience, while also reducing/removing emissions of greenhouse gases. Although many countries will be expected to adopt this approach, its applicability in an African context is not very clear, well studied nor has its sustainability been assessed. We used the Sustainability Assessment of Energy Technologies Framework to assess the applicability of CSA in combating climate change, desertification and improving rural livelihood in an African context. We also assessed the opportunities and constraints to the adoption of this approach in Northern Nigeria. Data was collected using key informant interviews and field observation to assess the current status of agriculture in Northern Nigeria. The results showed that CSA is strong in aspects such as participation and sustainable use of resources but weak in aspects of compensation and equal distribution of benefits and costs. Many smallholder farmers have inadvertently practiced CSA as part of the traditional farming system. While the existence of CSA in current practice is a major element in its favour, the lack of a coherent climate mitigation approach and poor institutional structures are both detrimental. Sustainable agriculture will require a wider societal change towards appreciating the balance between agriculture and environmental change. We suggest four main areas in need of urgent change: political commitment, human and financial investment, incentives and information.
African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
The impact of climate change, especially on agricultural sector, calls for a global and more localized strategies such as cultivation of underutilized indigenous vegetables (UIVs) which adapt better to local climate change. This chapter, therefore, examines the perception of UIVs farmers to climate change, their experiences of UIVs’ responses to climate change, adaptation strategies employed, and the determinants of the decision to adopt them in Southwest Nigeria. The study uses quantitative and qualitative primary household data from 191 UIVs farmers, 8 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and secondary climate data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Descriptive and econometric analyses are employed in the data analyses. The results show that farmers’ perceptions of climate change are high temperature and a high variability in rainfall pattern that has affected the yield, increased insects, pests, and diseases infestations, and reduced soil fertility. The results further show that...
Livelihood and climate trade-offs in Kenyan peri-urban vegetable production
Agricultural Systems, 2018
Trade-offs between livelihood and environmental outcomes due to agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa are uncertain. The present study measured yield, economic performance and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in African indigenous vegetable (AIV) production to investigate the optimal nutrient management strategies. In order to achieve this, an on-farm experiment with four treatments-(1) 40 kg N/ha diammonium phosphate (DAP), (2) 10 t/ha cattle manure, (3) 20 kg N/ha DAP and 5 t/ha cattle manure and (4) a no-N input controlwas performed for two seasons. Yields and N 2 O emissions were directly measured with subsampling and static chambers/gas chromatography, respectively. Economic outcomes were estimated from semi-structured interviews (N = 12). Trade-offs were quantified by calculating N 2 O emissions intensity (N 2 OI) and N 2 O emissions economic intensity (N 2 OEI). The results indicate that, DAP alone resulted at least 14% greater yields, gross margin and returns to labour in absolute terms but had the highest emissions (p = 0.003). Productivityclimate trade-offs, expressed as N 2 OI, were statistically similar for DAP and mixed treatments. However, N 2 OEI was minimized under mixed management (p = 0.0004) while maintaining productivity and gross margins. We therefore conclude that soil fertility management strategies that mix inorganic and organic source present a pathway to sustainable intensification in AIV production. Future studies of GHG emissions in crop production need to consider not only productivity but economic performance when considering trade-offs.
Pp 25-41 YAM PRODUCTION PRACTICES AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CROSS RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
DELTA AGRICULTURISTS 9 (No. 2/3), 2017
There is a unidirectional relationship existing between agricultural productivity, climate change as well as food security in developed and developing economies of the world. Developing countries like Nigeria often depend on rainwater for the production of yam, among other crops. However, unpredictable changes in the onset of rains in the last 10 years have led to situations where yam planted with the arrival of early rains get smothered in the soil by an unexpected dry spell; resulting in harvest failures in Nigeria and other ecosystems that rely on rain-fed agriculture. Specifically, the study determined the effect of the socioeconomic characteristics on yam production in Cross River S, Nigeria; and further identified the activities of the farmers that exacerbate the effect of climate change in the study area. The study employed a survey design. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select 150 respondents for the study. The yam output was proxied by farmers' income and was regressed against the independent variables. Ordinary Least Square analysis, Likert rating scale and descriptive statistics were employed to achieve the objectives. The results show that the socioeconomic effect on yam production is statistically significant at P of 0.05. The prevalent farm practices in the area according to the order of intensity were; burning of firewood-16%, burning of crop residues and household waste as well as burning of fossil fuel by automobile-11%, deforestation and the use of fertilizer-10%, bush burning, use of herbicide/insecticide and burning of fossil fuel by industries-9%, continuous cropping-8% and use of insecticide/pesticide-7%. It was recommended that policies should be put in place to regulate anthropogenic practices that foster climate change and variability. The government is advised to deploy more extension agents who are knowledgeable on
Food production in Nigeria is largely dependent on natural environmental resources like rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. This study examined the impact of some of these climatic variables on food production in Nigeria from 1975 to 2010. Secondary time series data obtained from FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization statistics) and Nigerian Meteorological Agency were used for the study. The data were analyzed using some econometric tools such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Test and Vector Error Correction (VEC) Estimates. The ADF test reveals that relative humidity integrated at order zero level while rainfall and temperature and agricultural output were stationary after differencing at level 1 thus showing that the variables had relationship. The results of the Johansen co-integrated test revealed that there is one co-integrating equation at 5% showing a co-integrating relationship between agricultural output and the climatic variables. The Vector Error Correction Estimates indicated that rainfall was positively significant at 5% to food production on the short run indicating that vagaries in climate especially rainfall affected food production and output in Nigeria. It was recommended, therefore, that measure that could help to mitigate the adverse effects of inadequate rainfall e.g. irrigation, drought resistant crops varieties among others should be put in place by the government. Farmers should equally be sensitized and trained in the area of adaptation and mitigation of the effect of climate change as this will go a long way to ameliorate large scale failure in food production in the country.
Evidence of Climate change impacts on Agric and Food security in Nigeria
Change in climate and consequent global warming are posing threats to food security in many developing nations including Nigeria because of the climate-dependent nature of agricultural systems and lack of coping capabilities. The spatiotemporal pattern of temperature and rainfall of Nigeria between 1901 and 2005 (105 years), using temperature and rainfall data to support the concept of regional climate change and its impact on Agriculture and food security was investigated. Also assessed was the level of agriculture funding and output in Nigeria. Mean annual air temperature and rainfall data between 1901-2005 (105 years) were obtained from Food and Agricultural Organization publications, National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria bulletin and National Meteorological Agency. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that within the period of 105 years, rainfall decreased by 81 mm with increasing temperature of 1.1℃. The unpredictability of rainfall and steadily increasing air temperature were observed from 1971-2005. The total federal budget between 2001 and 2005 averaged 824 billion Naira per year of which very small amount (14.7 billion (1.8%)) went to agricultural sector. The actual spending was 681 billion Naira per year with 11.4 billion Naira for agriculture. Over 25 years, there were low and dramatic walloping of public spending in agriculture relative to large size and importance of agricultural sector in the economy. There is a continuous rise in output from 1987 to 2000 before it dropped in 2001. Land degradation, desert encroachment, drying up of surface waters, coastal inundations, and shift in cultivated crops over time affected the food security in Nigeria. The current available data showed that Nigeria, like most parts of the world is experiencing the basic features of climate change. Therefore, Nigerian government/ private sector partnership should encourage agricultural, industrial and domestic practices which will not contribute to the emission of greenhouse gasses.