Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Rohu, Labeo Rohita (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): Scanning Electron Microscopy and Bacteriological Study (original) (raw)
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Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2022
The present study aimed to explore and compare the gut microbiome of Labeo rohita (rohu) from wild and aquaculture setting through 16S rDNA sequencing. The amplification of the library of 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the gut microbiome was carried out followed by sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. The analysis of sequencing data was carried out through the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME2) pipeline. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria represented the bacterial phyla with large abundance. The abundance of Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. was high in cultured forms. Vagococcus spp. and Carnobacterium spp. were found to be abundant in wild forms. Cyanobium spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were abundant in both wild and cultured forms. In the present study, the gut of cultured forms of rohu shows a diverse microbiome than that of wild forms. The harbouring gut microbes may offer several benefits to the host fish such as carbohydrate digestion, antimicrobial activity, xenobiotic degradation and faster growth rate. The functional profiles from the 16s rRNA gene amplicon confirm that the cultured rohu hosts the bacteria that have a role in metabolism and compromised disease resistance. Absence of Bacillus spp. in wild form, and low abundance of Lactococcus spp. indicates the need of finding alternatives for probiotics. The information from the present study and its understanding can be used for exploring the role of the gut microbiome with regard to the growth, immunity and other physiological functions of the fish.
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 2016
Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are the most common, popular and commercially important fish of Bangladesh. Pathogenic gastrointestinal bacteria indicate the acceptability or quality hence it influences the economic status of these fish. To investigate the pathogenic gastrointestinal bacteria of these economically important fish of Bangladesh was carried out. Gut microbiota of indigenous Rohu and exotic Silver carp of three different markets of Dhaka metropolitan city were studied using various selective agar media, classical biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility of selected isolates was also carried out against 14 antibiotics. Firstly, 216 colonies were differentiated morphologically and among them, 18 isolates were characterized by biochemical properties. Finally, the identification of 10 isolates were confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Total bacterial count (TBC), total Salmonella-Shigella and total Staphylo...
Microbiome of the digestive tract and probiotic therapy in cyprinids
Polish Journal of Natural Science, 2019
Bacteria play an extremely important role in the digestive processes occurring in the digestive tract of all vertebrates. A disturbance of microbial balance may lead to disorders in digestive processes. Due to the high demand for fish from aquaculture, many studies have focused on the microbiome of the digestive tract in these animals, especially synbiotic Lactobacillus bacteria, which play an extremely important and beneficial role in digestive processes. Research conducted in recent years has shown that many factors influence the microflora in fish, such as the surrounding environment, oxygenation, water temperature, food intake, antibiotics, chromium oxide, linoleic acid, and finally the development stage of the fish. The authors of the publication provide an overview of the current knowledge on the gastrointestinal microflora of Cyprinidae and its effect on their digestive processes. In this context information on the probiotic therapy in Cyprinidae was also presented.
World Scientific News, 2021
Fish are aquatic animals, where they share the same ecosystem with the bacterial community they are associated with. Community structure is a concept that studies the composition of species and their abundance in a community. Information related to bacterial communities associated with their hosts is very important to support fisheries resource management efforts, both through nature conservation and aquaculture. This study of the bacterial community in the digestive tract of fish can be used to support further utilization of potential bacteria that can be used to improve the fish's immune system. This research was conducted to analyze the structure of the bacterial community found in the intestines of Common carp through a metagenomic approach using the NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) method. The method used is a metagenomic approach, including DNA isolation from Common carp intestines. Then molecular identification was carried out using Illumina's NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) method using the 16S rRNA gene marker. The results of the analysis using the NGS method showed as many as 19 types of bacterial phyla identified with the top three phyla, namely Fusobacteria (80%), Bacteriodetes (15%), and Firmicutes (3%). The phylum Fusobacteria is dominated by the genera Fusobacterium, Propionigenium, Ilyobacter, Leptotrichia, and Sebaldella. The phylum Bacteriodetes is dominated by the genera Porphyromonas, Odoribacter, Bacteroides, Sphingobacterium, and Barnesiella. The phylum Firmicutes is dominated by the genera Clostridium, Lactococcus, and Sarcina, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus.
Importance of gut microbiota in fish – A review
Indian Journal of Animal Health, 2020
The microbiota are normally involved in numerous factors concerned with the health of the fishes in their environment and many of them can also cause threats to the same. In fish, the gut microbiota inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract influence the physiology, nutrition, life span, immunity, besides acting as a barrier against pathogens. Although gut microbiotas are present in all the fish, their composition varies based on their life stages, the environment in which they live, diet, seasons, trophic levels, etc. There are numerous studies related to the intestinal microbiota of freshwater, marine fish and in various life stages of fish. But the knowledge on the microbiota in aquatic ecosystem is yet to be explored. Researches in this field will pave way to the develop techniques to manipulate the gut microbiota of the desired fish species of culture to improve their growth and production. This review is intended to provide collective information on the gut microbiota in fish, their development, dynamics in the living environment and their manipulation towards improving production and sustainability in the field of fisheries.
Gut microbiome of the White Sea fish revealed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding
Aquaculture, 2021
To date, it has been increasingly clear, that microbiota plays essential role in the host microorganism. Due to high phylogenetic diversity and wide distribution understanding of gut microbiota of fish is ambiguous. We elucidate previously undescribed diversity of bacteria in the White Sea fish posterior intestine based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding: shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) arctic flounder (Liopsetta glacialis), cod (Gadus morhua), and herring (Clupea pallasii). Proteobacteria were most abundant in all the samples. All datasets contained high number of reads corresponded to Psychrobacter, Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio abundant in the White Sea water.Vast majority of bacterial reads corresponded to the Vibrionaceae (Aliivibrio, Vibrio, and Photobacterium). It is in accordance with our previous study focused on bioluminescent bacteria, where we isolated strains of these genera from the same fish intestine samples. The datasets of G. morhua and Cl. pallasii were enriched by reads of Shewanella (also isolated previously microbiologically due to luminescence of some its strains); the datasets of G. morhua and M. scorpius contained high number of Mycoplasma, which is in line with previous reports on the microbiome of marine fish gut from other geographical regions. Collectively, on the one hand, the study is a confirmation of known data on marine fish gut microbiome, on the other hand, it reveals some specific patterns of White Sea fish gut microbiota, e.g. presence of bacteria common for water from this region.
Intestinal microbiota in fishes: what's known and what's not
Molecular Ecology, 2014
High-throughput sequencing approaches have enabled characterizations of the community composition of numerous gut microbial communities, which in turn has enhanced interest in their diversity and functional relationships in different groups of vertebrates. Although fishes represent the greatest taxonomic and ecological diversity of vertebrates, our understanding of their gut microbiota and its functional significance has lagged well behind that of terrestrial vertebrates. In order to highlight emerging issues, we provide an overview of research on fish gut microbiotas and the biology of their hosts. We conclude that microbial community composition must be viewed within an informed context of host ecology and physiology, and that this is of particular importance with respect to research planning and sampling design.
Intestinal microbiota composition in fishes is influenced by host ecology and environment
Molecular Ecology, 2012
The digestive tracts of vertebrates are colonized by complex assemblages of micro-organisms, collectively called the gut microbiota. Recent studies have revealed important contributions of gut microbiota to vertebrate health and disease, stimulating intense interest in understanding how gut microbial communities are assembled and how they impact host fitness . Although all vertebrates harbour a gut microbiota, current information on microbiota composition and function has been derived primarily from mammals. Comparisons of different mammalian species have revealed intriguing associations between gut microbiota composition and host diet, anatomy and phylogeny ). However, mammals constitute <10% of all vertebrate species, and it remains unclear whether similar associations exist in more diverse and ancient vertebrate lineages such as fish. In this issue, Sullam et al. (2012) make an important contribution toward identifying factors determining gut microbiota composition in fishes. The authors conducted a detailed meta-analysis of 25 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries derived from the intestines of different fish species. To provide a broader context for their analysis, they compared these data sets to a large collection of 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets from diverse free-living and host-associated bacterial communities. Their results suggest that variation in gut microbiota composition in fishes is strongly correlated with species habitat salinity, trophic level and possibly taxonomy. Comparison of data sets from fish intestines and other environments revealed that fish gut microbiota compositions are often similar to those of other animals and contain relatively few free-living environmental bacteria. These results suggest that the gut microbiota composition of fishes is not a simple reflection of the micro-organisms in their local habitat but may result from host-specific selective pressures within the gut (Bevins & Salzman 2011).
Microbiological research, 2015
The diversity of Actinobacteria isolated from the gut microbiota of two freshwater fish species namely Schizothorax zarudnyi and Schizocypris altidorsalis was investigated employing classical cultivation techniques, repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), partial and full 16S rDNA sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. A total of 277 isolates were cultured by applying three different agar media. Based on rep-PCR profile analysis a subset of 33 strains was selected for further phylogenetic investigations, antimicrobial activity testing and diversity analysis of secondary-metabolite biosynthetic genes. The identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates belong to eight genera distributed among six families. At the family level, 72% of the 277 isolates belong to the family Streptomycetaceae. Among the non-streptomycetes group, the most dominant group could be allocated to the family of Pseudonocardiaceae followed by the members of Micromonosporaceae....