A study of sanitation of toilets in elementary and senior Secondary schools located in rural areas of Uttarakhand state in India (original) (raw)
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School environment and sanitation in rural India
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2010
Context: A school child educated about the benefits of sanitation and good hygiene behavior is a conduit for carrying those messages far beyond the school walls, bringing lasting improvement to community hygienic practices. Aims: To study the status of school environment and sanitation in rural India. Settings and Design: Government schools in rural Karnataka, cross sectional study. Materials and Methods: Twenty schools were randomly selected for the study. Informed consent was taken from the Heads of the schools. A pre tested close ended questionnaire was used to get the information. The minimum standards for sanitation of the school and its environment in India were used as the guiding principles to evaluate the appropriateness/ adequacy of the various attributes. Statistical analysis used: Percentages and proportions. Results: Out of 20 schools selected, one fourth of the schools were located/ sited at inappropriate places. Only half of the schools had appropriate/ adequate structure. Eighteen (90%) of the schools were overcrowded. Ventilation and day light was adequate for 12(60%) and 14(70%) of the schools respectively. Cleanliness of school compound/classrooms was adequate in 80% of the schools. There were no separate rooms for serving the midday meals in any of the schools under study. Eighteen (90%) of the schools were having drinking water points. Liquid and solid waste disposal was insanitary in six (30%) and eight (40%) of the schools respectively. Only half of the schools had adequate latrines for boys and 60% for girls. Only two (10%) of the schools had adequate hand washing points with soap. Conclusions: Environment and sanitation facilities at many of the schools are not fully satisfactory.
School Environment and Sanitation: A Comparative Study
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2020
Background: The health of children and youth is a fundamental value. In many countries there exists a high prevalence of water and sanitation related diseases, causing many people, children in particular, to fall ill or even die. Objectives: The research was undertaken to study the status of school environment and sanitation in urban and rural area of Tirupati; and to compare school environment and sanitation between rural and urban area. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in Schools of Rural and urban government schools to collect information on various attributes related to school environment and sanitation and were compared between rural and urban schools. Results: School environment and sanitation is suboptimal in both rural and urban government schools. Significantly more urban schools had the infrastructure and sanitation facilities compared to rural government schools.10 (62.5%) schools in rural area had no benches for students. In rural schools 11(68.75%) garb...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Schools environment is essential for children to achieve optimal health and development. Faulty construction leads to inadequate ventilation and moisture accumulation which increase the levels of morbidities. Schools should also serve as demonstration centres of good sanitation to the community hence healthful environment and functional toilets and WASH facilities are of utmost importance for school children.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study includes randomly selected 50 schools of Sonepat district which were functional for more than 5 years. Schools were recruited by PPS. A schedule was used to assess the environment and WASH conditions. Percentage, proportion and Chi-square test were used as statistical methods. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 68.4% government schools and 51.6% private schools were located in a rural area. 68% schools were having multi-storied building, 72% schools were located at appropriate land. ...
Background Toilet facilities among many other facilities ought to be present in schools to promote hygiene and meet the physical and emotional needs of staff and students. Objectives The study assessed school ownership, availability and type of toilet facilities in secondary schools. Methodology This was a school based observational study. An interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire to selected staff and students in fifty-three secondary schools was used for data collection. Results Day and boarding schools were 71.7% and 28.3% respectively; 75.5% privately owned. Forty five schools (84.9%) had toilet facilities, while 1/6th of the schools had none. Water carriage toilets (water squatting and water seat) comprised 20 (21.6%) while the non-water carriage accounted for 55 (59%). Twenty-nine (54.7%) provided toilets facilities for the different sexes while 24 (45.3%) did not. A non-statistically significant association (p = 0.034) was found between ownership of school and type of toilet facility provided. Conclusion About 76% of schools were non-governmental of which 92.5% had toilet facilities. Half of the schools made separate provision for the different sexes. Recommendation Schools should ensure the sustainability of good sanitary practices through the provision of toilet facilities in schools.
Study on Status of Water and Sanitation Facilities in Government Schools
Chetana Society, as part of its initiative, Joint Action Water, has done a survey of water and sanitation facilities in government schools in Hyderabad municipality area, in 2011-12. This study was supported by Water Aid India, and was done with the support of volunteers associated with M.V. Foundation, Hyderabad. Many schools do not have proper toilets and related facilities, including access to continuous water supply and water storage. Wherever toilet facilities are available, there is some problem or other, which prevents full utilization of such facility.
Sanitation in Basic Schools-A Case Study in Tano South District
2009
The Ghana education policy requires all schools to have adequate sanitation and safe water facilities. However, the states of these facilities are not known due to poor monitoring practices. This study therefore sought to determine the existing sanitation conditions of toilet facilities and other sanitary facilities like urinal and solid waste disposal systems available. In addition, the hygienic practices on the school compound were also examined. Out of the 30 selected schools 53% were without toilet facilities whiles 83% were without safe water on site. Majority of the schools burned their waste on the campus during teaching periods. It was observed that all the students wash their hand before eating but 30% wash their hands with soap while 70% do not use soap in washing their hands before eating. After collecting refuse with their hands, 24% wash their hands with soap, 54% wash their hands without soap and 22% do not wash their hands at all. When a weighting system was developed, 9 schools scored between 21 and 34 out of 40 for sanitation facilities. The rest were in the range of 7-19. Sanitation practices were fairly good apart from 3 schools which scored between 64 and 67 out of 140. The others ranged from 71 to118. For Food vendors on the schools' premises 10 of the schools scored 50% of the waiting system. Sixty five percent of the SHEP Coordinators were not performing their duties effectively due to lack of funds, facilities, personnel and logistics.
Health Renaissance
Background: Provision of adequate water supply, sanitation facilities, hygiene and waste management in schools reduces the disease burden among children, staff and their families. Every child has equal right to grow in a safe and sound environment. However, levels of water supply, sanitation and hygiene are unacceptable in many schools worldwide. Method: Study included forty schools comprising twenty public and twenty private schools of Sunsari district selected by simple random sampling method. The status of school environment and sanitation were assessed by using observation and interview method using observation checklist, questionnaires and photographs. Result: Two public schools were completely devoid of sanitary facilities though toilet facility was present physically. Students couldn't use toilet due to lack of water in one school due to theft of tube well and septic tank of the toilet was full in another school. Other remaining schools didn't have satisfactory, clean and proper sanitary facilities. Only few schools had convenient hand washing point. Conclusion: Sanitation facilities were in neglected state evidenced by unavailability of sanitation facilities even though that was physically present and the sanitation facilities were in pitiable condition including cleanliness, water supply. All the stakeholders including school management, supervisors, parents, teachers, students should be ready to play vital role on their own. Lack of one toilet affects no. of students and people of surrounding area and raises of risk of soil transmitted diseases so this situation demands attention of authorities and other stakeholders.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: As there is some improvement in sanitary latrine use and safe disposal of child faeces which is the one of the important goal of millennium development goals, awareness, practice and lack of community and household sanitary latrines is still a major problem. The objective was to study awareness and practice about use of sanitary latrine in villages.Methods: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in rural villages of Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. The study sample consist a total of 500 participants.Results: The prevalence of usage of sanitary latrines was 40%. The prevalence of open air defecation in the study was 97.4%. There was significant association between belief, low standard of living and open air defecation.Conclusions: To overcome the underutilization problem of sanitary latrines in rural areas is to provide quality household and community sanitary latrines along with the provision for creating awareness among the popula...
Peninsular Economist, XLI(1), 231–237., 2022
Education is one of the main pillars of the human development index (HD!). The (akulations of the EFA * Global Monitoring Report team show that if all students in Iowim:oml.! countries left school with basic reading skills, 171 million people could be lifted out of powrty. which would be equivalent to a 12% cut in world poverty. In the year 2000, the lndian government started advancing general essential training through the Sarva Shiksha Ahhiyan (SSA) program, but there are a lot of burdens faced by the students to attain education in developing countries (World Bank, 2012). In numerous nations there exists a high prt>dominance of water and sanitation-related maladies, causing many individuals, kids
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: As per the WHO-UNICEF monitoring report 2012, around 626 million people, or half of the population of India defecate in the open; this explains the high burden of communicable diseases in developing countries like India. In this context present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of school-based awareness programme on toilette etiquettes and sanitation in primary school-going children (mean age 9.27 years.) of Mumbai city. Methods: This is a comparative, before and after study between the interventional group and the comparison group. The study was carried out between July 2016 to March 2017, end line survey was carried out approximate 3 months after programme intervention for both the groups. Stratified random sampling was used to select 3737 students in baseline and 3230 students in end line from 130 primary schools run by municipal corporation of greater Mumbai (MCGM).Results: Knowledge and attitude significantly improved in the end line than the baseline surve...