Influence of canal water distribution system on water productivity of selected kharif crops in distributaries of Eastern Yamuna Canal (EYC) command area (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
The mean water releases at head section of 11 years of Nagarjuna Sagar Jawahar right main Canal, Andhra Pradesh, India is found to be 128.13 TMC (3,627.71 MCM). The mean surface water availability was estimated as 2,229 MCM. For the efficient utilization of groundwater, the quality plays a major role in terms of selection of crop variety for sustainable agriculture. The ground water quantity of the command area available was estimated 1385 MCM and the mean annual conjunctive use of command area was 3,614 MCM (128 TMC). The crop water requirement for paddy, cotton, chilies, millet and pulses were estimated in the command area by using CROPWAT model. The crop water requirement for paddy in NSRC command area of Guntur district for black soils was 848.2 mm. The irrigation water requirement was 638.9 mm and for red soils, crop water requirement for paddy and irrigation water requirements were 848.2 mm and 624.5 mm respectively. Similarly, computed for all the crops and overall crop water...
Farmers in Pakistan either rely only on groundwater or manage conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for irrigating crops due to shortage of canal water. Present study was undertaken to find variations in conjunctive water management practices, groundwater productivity and crop profitability in Chuharkana irrigation sub-division in Punjab. Physical and questionnaire based data were collected from 120 farmers using stratified random sampling technique from vicinity of four watercourses of Lagar distributary. Trajectory method was employed to measure tubewells’ discharge for evaluating groundwater productivity across watercourse reaches. EC, SAR and RSC were measured to evaluate groundwater quality. Results show prevalence of surface and groundwater use for irrigation. Area under conjunctive use decreased from 76.6% at head to 46% at tail due to decreased canal water supply towards tail while area irrigated by groundwater-only increased from 20% to 54% across head to tail. Analysis of groundwater samples showed lower quality levels. EC, SAR and RSC ranged between 1.27-1.55 dS m-1, 6.39-9.54 (mmol L-1)½ and 3.75-4.18 meL-1 respectively, with higher values towards tail. Groundwater productivity for wheat was relatively higher at the head, while that of rice did not vary much across watercourse reaches. Conducive soil conditions and more reliance on groundwater for timely irrigation resulted gross margins at the tail.
2016
Acute irrigation water deficit during the non-monsoon (rabi) season in the Hirakud canal command in Eastern India demands efficient irrigation management strategies (IMSs) to sustain the irrigated agriculture. The study was undertaken to analyse the impact of different IMSs – namely full and deficit irrigation, on water use efficiency of different rabi crops and evolve the most efficient IMSs. Various water balance parameters were estimated on daily basis and stage wise crop production function was applied to compute the actual crop yields of five major rabi crops. The best IMSs for wheat, maize, rice, green gram and mustard were found to be 30% deficit irrigation at 14 days interval, 30% deficit irrigation at 7 days interval, 20% deficit irrigation at 4 days interval, 60 mm of irrigation per application at 21 days interval, and 20% deficit irrigation at 7 days interval, respectively. Realizing the scarce water resources and ever rising population, it is highly essential to implemen...
Performance Evaluation and Water Availability of Canal Irrigation Scheme in Punjab Pakistan
Water
The supply of surface water by century-old infrastructure causes substantial water loss and triggers huge abstractions of groundwater, resulting in low irrigation efficiency. We evaluated the irrigation performance (application and conveyance efficiencies) and water availability (supply-demand) from the field to the Mungi Distributary canal level in Punjab, Pakistan. Between April–September 2019 and 2020, we monitored water delivery in the canal network, soil moisture content in cotton fields, and the canal and groundwater quality. The crops’ actual evapotranspiration was estimated using the AquaCrop model. We found conveyance efficiencies >90% for minor distributaries, 70–89% for watercourses, and ~75% for field ditches per kilometer. Field application efficiency was >90% for drip and ~35% for flood basin, whereas for raised-bed furrow, conventional furrow, and ridge-furrow irrigation methods, it varied between 44% and 83%. The deficits of canal water supply versus demand for...
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2021
T he canal irrigation system in the Indus Basin of Pakistan has a wide range of operational problems, due to severe losses of water conveyed to the agricultural lands. The losses of water so formed results in limited supplies of canal water in the Indus Basin. These losses of water have a great impact on the supplies of surface water and require proper management so that the losses should be minimized. This is perhaps the most economical method of enhancing water supplies (IDWR, 2005). Water losses in watercourses could be associated with many factors such as leakages from turnouts (structure constructed in the bank of a canal to divert part of the water from the canal to a smaller one), curves in the watercourses, high density of weeds in the unlined watercourses, siltation problems, sediments depositions, partially compacted banks, lack of proper maintenance and holes made by rodents (Zeb et al., 2000). According to a survey conducted in Bhakkar, Bahawalpur (Punjab) and Moro (Sindh) the losses of water which were measured in the conveyance system of the watercourse were up to 40-51% (WAPDA and Abstract | A substantial part of the valuable water is wasted in form of conveyance losses in earthen watercourses. To assess the effect of watercourses improvement on water availability and productivity, ten watercourses were selected randomly. Out of which, five improved and other five were found unimproved. Water losses in both watercourses were measured to find water saving from improved watercourses. Conveyance losses were measured in improved and unimproved watercourses by current meter and cutthroat flume, respectively. Farmers were interviewed to find out the effect of watercourse improvement on crop productivity and water management practices using questionnaire proforma. The losses in five improved watercourses (lined sections)
Change in Cropping Pattern Utilizing Narmada Main Canal Water : A Case Study of Barmer District
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2013
Irrigation is the most important determinant which triggered chain reaction in Indian agriculture. The scenario of canal irrigation system has change due to performance and environmental problems, which lead to exploiting of alternate sources. Considering the importance of Narmada main canal water and its effect on cropping pattern, the study is taken up in Barmer district of Rajasthan. This zone of Rajasthan has high saline water and hence agriculture output was very poor. More than 65 % of lands were barren and could grow only throny trees. Bajara is the dominant crop in this district. In Barmer before Narmada main canal water most of the areas were irrigated by wells only and total irrigated area was 106249 ha. After Narmada main canal water supply 879 ha. area is irrigated by canal water and total irrigated area is increased to 130193 ha. After Narmada main canal water area of wheat is decreased by 0.1 %, production is increased by 24.76 % and yield is increased by 24.9 %. Area of jowar is increased by 12.66 %, production is increased by 21.79 % and yield is also increased by 13.58 %. Area of onion is decreased by 20.25 %, production is also decreased by 47.45 % and yield is going down upto 30.11 %.
This research investigation aims to evaluate the performance of the Right Main Canal (RMC) of the Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme in Rajasthan, India, employing water delivery and water use indicators, such as adequacy, equity, dependability, relative water supply, and relative irrigation supply. The three minors chosen were Ratanpura at the head, Chaplada at the middle, and Maraita II at the tail reach on RMC. The volume of water diverted into the selected minors from the right main canal was measured during crop season, and crop water demand in the command area of each minor was computed using the CROPWAT 8.0 software. Overall, RMC adequacy was adequate at the head, and middle reach minors but inadequate for the tail reach minor. The water distribution system was determined to be unreliable regarding water supply concerning time, with a dependability value of 0.49. Overall equity was determined to be good to fair for the head and middle reach minors but poor for tail reach minor due to disparity in water distribution. In 2013-14, RWS and RIS showed insufficiency in the command system. The average values of RWS and RIS were found to be 1.00 and 1.43, respectively.
Impact of Unequal Distribution of Canal Water on Farm Produce: A Case Study Matli Taluka
This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end areas of the irrigation network. For the research study 320 respondents were randomly selected and nearly 107 from each category that is large medium and small farmer's respondent. The sample further stratified respondents from all three reaches that is head middle and tail of main semi-irrigation channels and on the water courses level as well to capture the authentic picture of the water availability on each level of irrigation system. The observation of the study and data collected revealed that farmers on the head reaches benefit more from the supply of water from crop production compare to middle and tail reaches and middle reaches have more opportunity of having better irrigation water compare to the tail reaches however, the more sufferers are the tail reach farmers who get less water from crop production. Consequently, this situation cause's absolute poverty to the farmers on the tail reaches of the irrigation water supply channels.
Impact of Unequal Distribution of Canal Water on Farm Produce: A Case Study of Matli Taluka
This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end areas of the irrigation network. For the research study 320 respondents were randomly selected and nearly 107 from each category that is large medium and small farmer's respondent. The sample further stratified respondents from all three reaches that is head middle and tail of main semi-irrigation channels and on the water courses level as well to capture the authentic picture of the water availability on each level of irrigation system. The observation of the study and data collected revealed that farmers on the head reaches benefit more from the supply of water from crop production compare to middle and tail reaches and middle reaches have more opportunity of having better irrigation water compare to the tail reaches however, the more sufferers are the tail reach farmers who get less water from crop production. Consequently, this situation cause's absolute poverty to the farmers on the tail reaches of the irrigation water supply channels.