APPLIED ASPECTS OF MARINE PARASITOLOGY Proceedings of the International Workshop on Marine Parasitology (original) (raw)
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Parasites as biological tags in marine fisheries research: European Atlantic waters
Parasitology, 2014
SUMMARYStudies of the use of parasites as biological tags for stock identification and to follow migrations of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates in European Atlantic waters are critically reviewed and evaluated. The region covered includes the North, Baltic, Barents and White Seas plus Icelandic waters, but excludes the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Each fish species or ecological group of species is treated separately. More parasite tag studies have been carried out on Atlantic herring Clupea harengus than on any other species, while cod Gadus morhua have also been the subject of many studies. Other species that have been the subjects of more than one study are: blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, whiting Merlangius merlangus, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus and mackerel Scomber scombrus. Other species are dealt with under the general headings redfishes, flatfish, tunas, anadromous fish, elasmobranchs, m...
A century of parasitology in fisheries and aquaculture
Journal of Helminthology, 2023
Fish parasitological research associated with fisheries and aquaculture has expanded remarkably over the past century. The application of parasites as biological tags has been one of the fields in which fish parasitology has generated new insight into fish migration and stock assessments worldwide. It is a well-established discipline whose methodological issues are regularly reviewed and updated. Therefore, no concepts or case-studies will be repeated here; instead, we summarize some of the main recent findings and achievements of this methodology. These include the extension of its use in hosts other than bony fishes; the improvements in the selection of parasite tags; the recognition of the host traits affecting the use of parasite tags; and the increasingly recognized need for integrative, multidisciplinary studies combining parasites with classical methods and modern techniques, such as otolith microchemistry and genetics. Archaeological evidence points to the existence of parasitic problems associated with aquaculture activities more than a thousand years ago. However, the main surge of research within aquaculture parasitology occurred with the impressive development of aquaculture over the past century. Protozoan and metazoan parasites, causing disease in domesticated fish in confined environments, have attracted the interest of parasitologists and, due to their economic importance, funding was made available for basic and applied research. This has resulted in a profusion of basic knowledge about parasite biology, physiology, parasite-host interactions, life cycles and biochemistry. Due to the need for effective control methods, various solutions targeting host-parasite interactions (immune responses and host finding), genetics and pharmacological aspects have been in focus.
Parasites of marine, freshwater and farmed fishes of Portugal: a review
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria
An extensive literature review is made of the parasites in marine and freshwater fish in mainland Portugal, the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, as well as in farmed fish. The host(s) of each parasite species, its location in the host, site of capture of the host, whenever possible, and all the available bibliographic references are described. The economic importance of some parasites and the zoonotic relevance of some parasitic forms are discussed. A general overview of the data is provided, and some research lines are suggested in order to increase and complement the current body of knowledge about the parasites of fish from Portugal.
English version Ecoparasitogy of Deep Fishes from Portugal- 1st volume
English version Ecoparasitogy of Deep Fishes from Portugal, 2007
The present work is the first study of parasitofauna of the Portuguese Coast that includes some species of deep fishes (12 orders, 18 families and 24 species). Works of this type in Portugal had basically appeared associates only to a host, the black-scabbard fish , in two areas: Sesimbra and Madeira. For the first time a parasitological study was made in Paralepis atlantica, where we find Digenea 1 and Anisakis sp. Cestode Paragrillotia sp. that parasite Lycodes vahlii presented very different morphometric characteristics from that it is registered for the described species, being very possibly a new species. In this study 34 species of metazoan parasites had been found. The following parasites and in the respective hosts had been detected for the first time: Amphipoda in Sebastes fasciatus; Anisakis sp. in Alepocephalus bairdii; Ascaridida in Synaphobranchus kaupi; Capillaridae in L. pallidus; Contracaecum sp. in Diretmus argenteus; Cucullanus sp. in Notacanthus chemnitzii; Digenea 5 in Cottunculus thomsonii; Hysterothylacium sp. in L. pallidus and L. vahlii; Lecithophyllum botryophorum in L. vahlii; Litobrothidae in Anarhichas lupus; Lophoura edwardsi in S. kaupi; Paragrillotia sp. in L. vahlii; Rhabdochonna sp. in L. vahlii; Raphidascaris sp. in Macrourus berglax; Steringophorus sp. in L. vahlii; Spinitecus sp. 2 in Glyptocephalus cynoglossus; Spinitecus sp. 3 in C. thomsonii; Spirurida in M. berglax; Tetraphyllidae larva 1 in A. bairdii. Although the following species of parasites and respective hosts had been already cited in previous studies and other geographic regions, with this work had been detected for the first time in Portugal: Anisakis sp. in R. hippoglossoides and M. berglax ; b) Contracaecum sp. in Reinhardtius hippoglossoides and S. fasciatus; c) Corynossoma sp. in R. hippoglossoides; d) Hysterothylacium sp. in M. berglax; e) Sphyrion lumpi in M. berglax; f) Spinitectus sp. 1, in M. berglax. In that it respects to the species of more frequent parasites in this inquiry we have: Digenean - Steringophorus sp. and Lecisthaster sp.; Nematoda- Anisakis sp.; Contracaecum sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. and Copepoda - Sphyrion lumpi. The orders of fish that in this study had shown greater diversity of parasites had been Perciformes; Gadiformes; Pleuronectiformes; Scorpaeniformes and Osmeriformes. The orders that in this study had not met parasites had been: Myctophiformes; Squaliformes and Stomiiformes. Relatively to A. carbo, this is the first study of the community of parasites of the black-scabbard fish of the Açores, that presented as dominant species Anisakis sp. In our study, the community of R. hippoglossoides parasites presented as dominant species Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp., with high intensities. Determined fish analyzed here they present species responsible parasites for zoonosis. are they : some anisakids, B. vasculosum, and Corynosoma, sp. which that they have commercial interest: A. carbo; M. berglax; R. hippoglossoides; S. fasciatus and S. mentella pointing for create measures of prevention in order to prevent the contamination of human being.
Fisheries Research, 1998
The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for parasitologists and ®shery biologists to the use of parasites as biological tags for stock discrimination of marine ®sh. Key literature on parasitology and ®sheries biology is listed, and the following topics are covered: (1) the general principles involved in the use of parasites as tags in ®sh population studies and the advantages and limitations of parasites as tags; (2) the two main approaches to the subject, one aimed at selecting a small number of the most appropriate parasite tags and examining a large number of host specimens for these parasites only, and the other based on statistical analyses of entire parasite assemblages; (3) criteria applicable to the selection of tag parasites; (4) procedures and methods for the collection and preservation of host and parasite samples, and for the identi®cation of parasites; (5) the interpretation of parasitological results in terms of host population biology, including illustrations of some typical life cycles of the major taxonomic groups of parasites infecting marine ®sh.
Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 1984
Important ecological aspects of marine parasites are discussed. Whereas effects of parasites on host individuals sometimes leading to death are known from many groups of parasites, effects on host populations have been studied much less. Mass mortalities have been observed mainly among hosts occurring in abnormally dense populations or after introduction of parasites by man. As a result of large-scale human activities, it becomes more and more difficult to observe effects of parasites on host populations under "natural" conditions. Particular emphasis is laid on ecological characteristics of parasites, such as host range and specificity, microhabitats, macrohabitats, food, life span, aggregated distribution, numbers and kinds of parasites, pathogenicity and mechanisms of reproduction and infection and on how such characteristics are affected by environment and hosts. It is stressed that host specificity indices which take frequency and/or intensity of infection into account, are a better measure of restriction of parasites to certain hosts than "host range" which simply is the number of host species found to be infected.
Parasitology, 2014
SUMMARYMany marine fisheries in South American Atlantic coasts (SAAC) are threatened by overfishing and under serious risk of collapsing. The SAAC comprises a diversity of environments, possesses a complex oceanography and harbours a vast biodiversity that provide an enormous potential for using parasites as biological tags for fish stock delineation, a prerequisite for the implementation of control and management plans. Here, their use in the SAAC is reviewed. Main evidence is derived from northern Argentine waters, where fish parasite assemblages are dominated by larval helminth species that share a low specificity, long persistence and trophic transmission, parasitizing almost indiscriminately all available fish species. The advantages and constraints of such a combination of characteristics are analysed and recommendations are given for future research. Shifting the focus from fish/parasite populations to communities allows expanding the concept of biological tags from local to ...
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2005
A total of 366 Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) individuals were obtained between September and November 2000 from commercial fishing vessels at eight localities along the Portuguese coast and analysed for metazoan parasite infections. Three species of parasites were found: Hysterothylacium aduncum Rudolphi 1802; Progrillotia dasyatidis Beveridge et al. 2004, which constitutes a new host record for the Lusitanian toadfish; and Nerocila orbignyi Gue´rin-Me´neville 1829. Prevalence and mean abundance were determined for the total fish population in each sample. Significant differences in the number of parasitized fish among the samples analysed indicate differences in the H. didactylus populations along the Portuguese coast. The cluster analysis performed to prevalence data pointed out two major clusters: one composed of mainly estuarine samples and one that grouped samples from coastal areas; this is in agreement with the results obtained by morphological and genetic analysis performed for the same samples.
Zoogeography of marine parasites
Helgoland Mar Res, 1984
Latitudinal gradients in species numbers of marine parasites, differences between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans, latitudinal gradients in frequency and intensity of infection, in host range and specificity, and in fluctuations of infection are discussed, as well as differences between shallow and deep water, parasite endemicity at remote oceanic islands, and importance of temperature for parasite distribution. Examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of marine parasites as biological tags and as indicators of the geographical origin of hosts.