Journal of Infectious Diseases and Immunity (original) (raw)
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Sero-Prevalence of Malaria, Hepatitis B and Syphilis Among Pregnant Women
American Journal of Microbiology, 2013
Malaria, syphilis and Hepatitis B during pregnancy are detrimental to the life of the pregnant women and the foetus. In this study, we documented the prevalence of the three diseases among pregnant women attending a selected Comprehensive Health Care center in Osogbo, Nigeria using serological kits. Of the 200 participants consented to participate in the study, 26 (13%) were positive for malaria while 6 (3%) were positive for Hapatitis B Virus (HBV). The co-infection of malaria and HBV was found only in two participants (1%) while none of the participants was positive for syphilis. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of malaria and Hepatitis B in relation to age (p > 0.05). All the participants had good knowledge that mosquitoes transmit malaria but only 29 (14.5%) claimed to be sleeping under insecticide treated bed-net. About 169 (84.5%) relied solely on insecticide spray of the room and 2 (1%) did not practice any mosquito control measures. The results may suggest the low prevalence of malaria, Hepatitis B virus and syphilis at the study area. However, early surveillance and adequate public health education will be immeasurable in safe-guiding the pregnant women from the detrimental effects of these infections.
South Asian Journal of Parasitology , 2019
Background: Malaria and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in pregnancy are of great public health importance, jeopardizing the outcome of pregnancy, affecting mother, foetus and new-born babies. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and hepatitis B virus infections among pregnant women attending the Federal Medical Center, Owerri. Methods: Three hundred maternal blood samples were collected into anticoagulant bottles. Blood samples collected were used to determine malaria parasitaemia and HBV. Malaria parasitaemia was determined using thick and thin films stained with Giemsa staining techniques while HBV was determined using Labcon Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip. Results: Out of a total of 300 blood samples examined, 110(36.66%) were positive for malaria while 17(5.67%) were positive for HBV and 10 (3.33%) had co-infection. The age group 15-24 yrs had the highest prevalence of infections (45.76%) of malaria followed by 35-44 yrs (38.33%) while 45-54ys had least (30.43%). Although there was a difference in prevalence, it was not statistically significant (χ²=4.178, p=0.243, df=3).In Hepatitis B infection, age group 15-24 yrs (16.95%) had the highest prevalence of infection, followed by 25-34 yrs (4.17%) while 45-54 yrs recorded no infection and there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence across the age groups (χ²=18.581, p=0.000, df=3). The prevalence of malaria and HBV co-infection based on age indicated that 15-24 yrs had the highest prevalence 8.47% followed by 35-44 yrs (2.67%) while 25-34 yrs (1.67%) had the least prevalence. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in the study area and the effects could be fatal to mother, foetus and the new-born. HBV infection, Malaria and HBV coinfection were found to be relatively high. Therefore, there is the need to ensure malaria interventions such as the provision of ITNs and intermittent Preventive treatment in pregnancy for malaria during pregnancy for pregnant women. Also, regular HBV vaccination, especially for the sexually active people, is advocated in the state
2022
Objectives The research was aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, hepatitis B and their co-infection among pregnant women visiting maternity centers in Akure South Local Government. Five hundred pregnant women were examined from Comprehensive Health Centre, Arakale and Mother and Child Hospital, Oke- Aro for malaria and hepatitis B. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared to detect the presence of malaria parasites, hepatitis B virus kit was used to detect hepatitis B virus antigen. Results The results showed that 65.6% of the pregnant women were infected with malaria parasites, while 3.8% were infected with hepatitis B virus. It was further observed that 2.2% pregnant women who had malaria also had Hepatitis B. Malaria was more prevalent among the age group 21-25years (68.1%), and women in their third trimester (66.7%), while hepatitis B virus was more prevalent among age group 41-45years (14.3%) and women in their second trimester (4.6%). The study revealed high preval...
Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021
Background. The overlap of malaria and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections present a major threat to public health throughout endemic countries of tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and HBV infections among pregnant women in Ejule, a semiurban area of Nigeria. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of malaria and HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ejule Metropolis. Materials and Methods. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, blood samples collected from 200 apparently healthy pregnant women at the Ilemona Clinic were screened for Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and HBsAg using histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), respectively. Relevant sociodemographic and putative risk factor information was obtained with structured questionnaires. Results. The prevalence of the infections was 44...
The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2018
Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set ...
Factors associated with risk of malaria infection among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria
Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2013
Background: Pregnant women living in an area of stable malaria transmission such as Lagos, Nigeria, have been identified as being at an increased risk of the effects of malaria infection. In this area, most of the infections are asymptomatic which means they are overlooked and untreated much to the detriment of the mother and her foetus. The reality of scaled-up malaria interventions with long-lasting insecticide treated nets, vector control, artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria pregnancy (IPTp) using sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) is that it is also essential to determine the risk factors at play in these kinds of circumstances. This study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with risk of malaria infection in pregnant women in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: Demographic information and malaria prevention practices of the pregnant women studied were captured using structured questionnaire. Microscopy was used to establish malaria infection, species identification and parasite density. Relative risk and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare factors associated with malaria in pregnant women. Results: Malaria microscopy details, demographic information and malaria prevention practices of the pregnant women were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of malaria using peripheral blood from 1,084 pregnant women that participated in the study was 7.7%. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) was seen in 95.2% of the cases as either mixed infection with P. malariae (3.6%) or as a mono infection (91.6%). Malaria preventive practices associated with a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the malaria infection was the use of insecticide sprays (RR = 0.36, 95 C.I. 0.24-0.54), and the combined use of insecticide spray and insecticide-treated nets (ITN) (RR= 6.53, 95% C.I. 0.92-46.33). Sleeping under ITN alone (RR = 1.07, 95% C.I. 0.55-2.09) was not associated with significant reduction in malaria infection among the study participants with malaria parasitaemia. Young maternal age (<20years) (RR = 2.86, 95% C.I. 1.48-5.50), but not primigravidity (RR = 1.36, 95% C.I. 0.90-2.05), was associated with an increased risk of malaria infection during pregnancy. After a multivariate logistic regression, young maternal age (OR = 2.61, 95% C.I. 1.13-6.03) and the use of insecticide spray (OR = 0.38, 95% C.I. 0.24-0.63) were associated with an increase and a reduction in malaria infection, respectively. Conclusion: Malaria prevalence was low among the pregnant women studied. Young maternal age and non-usage of insecticidal spray were the main factors associated with an increased risk of malaria infection among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria.
Malaria in pregnancy can result in maternal anaemia, abortion, premature delivery, still birth and low birth weight. Malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics of Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki was carried out between May and October, 2014. One (1) ml of venous blood was collected from each woman and was processed and examined using standard parasitological techniques. Data collected were analysed using Chi squared test. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Sixty-one (15.25%) of the women were infected. Women within the age group of 20 to 24 years had the highest prevalence (17.86%) while those of ages 35 years and above had the lowest prevalence (10.53%). However, age was not statisticallyassociated with malaria infection (p>0.05). The primigravidae were the most infected (24.55%) gravidity group, with prevalence of infection decreasing with increasing gravidity. There was a significant difference in association between malaria infection and gravidity (p<0.05). Women in their first trimesters of pregnancy had the highest prevalence (21.77%) while those in their third trimesters had the lowest prevalence (9.64%). There was also a significant difference (p<0.05) in association between malaria infections and trimesters of pregnancy. Public health education and implementation of integrated malaria control and preventive measures were advocated.
Venule blood samples were collected from 216 pregnant women in different trimesters and age groups receiving ante natal care at Federal medical centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State and were put in EDTA bottles for analysis. Standard thick and thin smears were made and rapid antigen tests were also used to examine the blood samples. 155(71.8%) were infected with P.falciparum out of 216 pregnant women while 61(28.2%) were not infected. Highest prevalence was observed in the first trimester 98(85.2%) and the third trimester 42(53.3%) had the lowest prevalence. Women within age groups 11-15 were the most infected (100%). Pregnant women with less than 9.1g/dl haemoglobin had the highest prevalence (91.7%) than others with higher levels, while those with low packed cell volume had higher prevalence of malaria parasite (79.1%) than those with normal PCV(66.9%). The study demonstrated high prevalence of malaria and there is urgent need to introduce appropriate intervention strategies geared towards the eradication of the vectors so as to reduce the incidence of malaria to the barest minimum. Most importantly, pregnant women who are the risk population should be properly educated on precautionary measures to take to avoid malaria like the consistent use of Long lasting insecticide treated nets(LLIN) and prompt registration in hospitals for ante natal care.
2020
Aim: Malaria knowledge, practices, prevalence and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was assessed in this present study. Methodology: The study was carried out from April 2011 to March 2012 from two purposively selected hospitals in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty pregnant women were selected at random for this study. Venous blood samples were collected and Giemsa stained thin and thick blood films were used to determine malaria species and parasitaemia. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.