Development of Zeolite Y from Arobieye MinedKaolin (original) (raw)
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Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Kaolin Using Novel Method of Dealumination
In this study Zeolite Y was successfully synthesized from local kaolin in Ado-0do Ota, Ogun state Nigeria through a novel process of dealumination. The thermal activation of kaolin was achieved through the process of metakaolinization at 850 o C for 6 hours in a furnace and dealumination with H2SO4 in order to achieve a desire silica/alumina molar ratio between 3 and 8. Zeolitization involved alkaline attack of dealuminated metakaolin and its consequent transformation into Zeolite Y crystal. Silica/Alumina molar ratio of 5.84 of metakaolin was synthesized under hydrothermal treatment with aqueous NaOH at atmospheric pressure. It was then aged for 7 days at room temperature and crystallized at 100 o C for 24 hours; Zeolite NaY of molar ratio of 3.46 was achieved and then modified to its hydrogen form by ion exchange with NH4Cl. The molar ratio of Zeolite Y in hydrogen form is 3.22. The samples were characterized with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result showed that zeolite Y was synthesized from Arobieye mined kaolin with a molar ratio of 6SiO2 : Al2O3 : 9Na2O : 24H2O by ageing at room temperature for 24 hours and crystallized at 100 o C for 24 hours.
Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Kaolin via hydrothermal method
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
ZeoliteY has been successfully synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method with kaolin from Lampang province as a precursor. For the first hydrothermal, kaolin with an addition of sodium silicate (NaSi 3 O 7) or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and autoclaved for 200 o C at different reaction times for 6 , 8 and 10 h, respectively. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the compound mixture to adjust its pH before it was formed into gel. After a second time hydrothermal at 90°C for 2 days, the solid product was filtered out, washed by deionized water and dried overnight. The zeolite was then characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to identify type and crystallization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify its functional group and N 2 adsorption to study the adsorption/desorption isotherm and pore distribution. From N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, it is revealed that the zeolite obtained by this method have 571 m 2 /g surface area and pore size distribution around 4.89 nm.
Nigerian Journal of Technology, 2018
Kaolin samples from Ajebo and Darazo in Nigeria were characterized and used to produce zeolite-A crystals. The thermal analysis indicates that both samples undergo de-hydroxylation from 450 o C to about 700 o C and are converted to metakaolin with a weight loss of about 11.39 and 10.43% for the Ajebo and Darazo samples respectively. Characteristic OH, Al-OH, Si-OH and Si-O-Al bands were confirmed in both samples with Infra-red spectroscopy studies. The X-ray diffraction patterns clearly show the presence of the characteristic peaks (12.35 and 24.88 o) of kaolinite with little quartz impurities. X-ray diffraction measurements (2Ɵ peaks at 7-18 o and 21-35 o) and scanning electron micrographs clearly show that zeolite-A crystals are produced. The microstructures of kaolin, metakaolin and zeolite-A crystals reveal the presence of platy crystals, amorphous spherical aggregates and cubic-shaped crystals with some amorphous gel respectively. The results show that both Ajebo and Darazo kaolin are suitable for zeolite-A synthesis.
Development And Characterization Of ZeoliteyFrom A Nigerian Local Raw Material
2015
Zeolites are important chemical materials used in chemical processes. The manufacture of the materials usually involves the use of expensive chemicals. This study involves the use of Elefun Nigerian Kaolin (ENK) as precursor material for the development of zeolite Y. The synthesis of zeolite Y was successful following a sequence: collection of raw kaolin clay from Elefun area of Ogun state, Nigeria; subjecting it to, calcination, partial dealumination and final hydrothermal synthesis. The raw clay was refined using sedimentation technique to recover 98 percent kaolin. Both conventional and novel methods of metakaolinization technique were used to convert kaolin into the reactive metastable phase. Amorphous metakaolin was obtained at a temperature of 850oC at residence time of 6 hours. The percentage of the alumina in the metakaolin was reduced through reaction with sulphuric acid to give Silica/Alumina molar ratio of 4.7 after ageing for between seven and nine days. The unique proce...
Nanochemistry Research, 2023
Zeolite A was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal transformation of kaolin. The kaolin was first transformed to meta kaolin by calcination at 600OC, then treated with 3M NaOH solution (1:5 ration) in a stainless-steel autoclave with a teflon liner. The mixture was heated to 121°C for 2h to insert the sodium ions into the metakaolin structure. The treated kaolin clay was washed three times with deionized water to remove the excess unreacted NaOH, filtered and dried in an oven at 100°C overnight. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Zeolite A and the individual zeolie/metal oxide nanocomposites including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Furrier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunnuer Emmett teller (BET) analysis. FTIR confirmed the presence of Si-O, Si-Al, Al-O, and metal oxygen bonds. SEM/EDX revealed a cubic morphology with some bigger particles that are mono dispersed and partially spherical, along with different compositions of the elements present. XRD showed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with 25.73 nm lattice, while XRF confirmed the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 as well as with different major and trace metal oxides. The BET analysis showed 3.9457 and 4.3044 (m2/g), 0.6032 and 0.5598 (cm3/g), 603.087 and 617.503(Ǻ) for both the kaolin clay and the synthesized zeolite A, respectively. The results of this synthesis route demonstrate that Zeolite A was successfully synthesized.
Effect of Crystallisation Time on the Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Elefun Kaolinite Clay
2017
In this study, the effect of crystallization time on the synthesis of zeolite Y from Elefun kaolinite clay was investigated. During the synthesis of zeolite Y, the raw Elefun kaolinite clay was beneficiated thoroughly with water for 7 days before it was calcined at a 850oC for 6 hours to thermally convert it to metakaolin. Dealumination of the metakaolin was then carried out using the novel method to achieve a target SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 6.5. A hydrogel solution was prepared by mixing the dealuminated metakaolin with sodium hydroxide and water in calculated proportions. The mixture was heated to a temperature of 95oc between a time range of 12 to 60 hours. The crystallized product was then washed thoroughly with deionized water and then dried. Analysis was carried out on the dried product sample using two different characterization techniques; X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluoresense (XRF). The results from the analysis indicated the formation of zeolite Y from Elefun Kaolinite ...
Utilization of Egyptian kaolin for Zeolite-A Preparation and Performance Evaluation
Zeolite-A was synthesized from Egyptian kaolin through metakaolinization and zeolitization. Metakaolinization targeted the thermal activation of kaolin, while zeolitization involved alkaline attack of thermally activated, amorphous kaolin (metakaolin) and its transformation into crystalline Zeolite-A. Effect of various controlling parameters on ZeoliteA preparation was investigated. These include temperature and time of metakaolinization, solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, NaOH concentrations and processing time of zeolitization. Zeolite-A was prepared on both laboratory and pilot scales. Metakaolin and prepared Zeolite-A were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The sorbent removal of chromium (III) from synthetic 5 mg/l solution was investigated in batch mode using raw kaolin, and Zeolite-A prepared on lab and pilot scales .Results indicated that the produced Zeolite-A samples are well-developed crystals with almost uniform particle size distr...
Influence of Metakaolinization Temperature on the Formation of Zeolite 4A from Kaolin
Clay Minerals, 1996
Kaolin has been used as an alternative cheap raw material for the synthesis of zeolite 4A. Two steps are involved in the reaction: (1) dehydroxylation of kaolin at 550–900°C to form an activated X-ray amorphous material called metakaolin; (2) hydrothermal treatment of metakaolin with aqueous alkali to form the zeolite. The inherent colouring impurities in kaolin, especially the Fe minerals, affect the brightness of metakaolin and the resultant zeolite. The dehydroxylation temperature is found to have a significant influence on the kinetics of zeolite formation as well as on the brightness of zeolite. The present investigation deals with the preparation of metakaolins from a good quality kaolin at different temperatures and their characterization by XRD, IR, TGA, MAS NMR and brightness measurements. Hydrothermal reactions of these metakaolins with aqueous alkali have been conducted. The residual Fe in the mother liquor has been estimated. The improvement in brightness and change in r...
Structural transformation of kaolin as an active matrix for the in situ synthesis of zeolite Y
Clay Minerals, 2020
To produce an optimized matrix for the in situ crystallization of zeolite Y, a commercial kaolin chemically treated with NaOH solution at 97°C for 24 h and thermally transformed from 750 to 1100°C was studied. The kaolin calcined at 750°C has 20% more reactive tetrahedral aluminium species for the synthesis of zeolite Y than kaolin calcined at 865°C. The kaolin calcined at 1000°C has amorphous silica zones that may be extracted using caustic solution; this increases the surface area by a factor of 16 and generates mesopores ~5 nm in diameter. These structural changes in the calcined and treated kaolins were combined to prepare microspheres of the mesoporous matrix, upon which well-dispersed crystals of zeolite Y crystallized.
Zeolite P from kaolin via hydrothermal method
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018
Zeolite P has been successfully synthesized from natural kaolin via two step hydrothermal process. The natural kaolin from Lampang, Thailand was studied for this research. In first hydrothermal, kaolin was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution at 200 o C for different reaction times from 3-5 hours, respectively .Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the mixture to adjust their pH before they were formed into gel. Second hydrothermal process, the gel was kept of 90 o C for 3 days to obtain zeolite P. Synthesized zeolite P was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identification the type and crystallization. Besides, the morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy)SEM.(The functional group was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From this study, it was found that the increasing of reaction time in first hydrothermal activation and hydrochloric acid concentration lead to the high quality of zeolite P