Profile of refractive errors and amblyopia in 5-15 yrs of school going children at a Union territory tertiary health centre (original) (raw)
Related papers
Prevalence of amblyopia and refractive errors among primary school children
Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research, 2015
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and refractive errors among 7 to 12-year-old primary school children in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 2,410 randomly selected students. Visual acuity was tested using an E-chart on Yang vision tester. Refractive errors were measured by photorefractometry and cycloautorefraction. Strabismus was checked using cover test. Direct ophthalmoscopy was used to assess the anterior segment, lens opacities, red reflex and fundus. Functional amblyopia was defined as best corrected visual acuity ≤20/40 in one or both eyes with no anatomical problems. Results: Amblyopia was present in 2.3% (95% CI: 1.8% to 2.9%) of participants with no difference between the genders. Amblyopic subjects were significantly younger than non-amblyopic children (P=0.004). Overall, 15.9% of hyperopic and 5.9% of myopic cases had amblyopia. The prevalence of hyperopia ≥+2.00D, myopia ≤-0.50D, astigmatism ≥0.75D, and anisometropia (≥1.00D) was 3.5%, 4.9%, 22.6%, and 3.9%, respectively. With increasing age, the prevalence of myopia increased (P<0.001), that of hyperopia decreased (P=0.007), but astigmatism showed no change. Strabismus was found in 2.3% of cases. Strabismus (OR=17.9) and refractive errors, especially anisometropia (OR=12.87) and hyperopia (OR=11.87), were important amblyogenic risk factors. Conclusion: The high prevalence of amblyopia in our subjects in comparison to developed countries reveals the necessity of timely and sensitive screening methods. Due to the high prevalence of amblyopia among children with refractive errors, particularly high hyperopia and anisometropia, provision of glasses should be specifically attended by parents and supported by the Ministry of Health and insurance organizations.
Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH
Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia. To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal. A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Children of age 13+ or who had any ocular pathology were excluded. Cycloplegic refraction and an ophthalmological examination was performed for all children. The pattern of refractive error and the association between types of refractive error and types of amblyopia were determined. Amblyopia was found in 0.7 % (440) of 62,633 children examined in NEH during this period. All the amblyopic eyes of the subjects had refractive error. Fifty-six percent (248) of the patients were male and the mean age was 7.74 ± 2.97 years. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia (p less than 0.001). One third (29 %) of the subjects had bilateral amblyopia ...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Refractive error is a major cause of low vision in children. Uncorrected refractive error causes amblyopia, poor school performance and severe visual impairment. The purpose of the present study was to know the pattern of refractive error in children attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A hospital based observational retrospective study which was conducted in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital for a period of 15 months from January 2021 to March 2022. 300 children with refractive errors in the age group of 3 years to 15 years were included. Interpretation and analysis of the results were done using appropriate statistical method. Results: Age of presentation of children was more in >10 years to 15 years (51%) followed by 5 years to 10 years (38%). Boys (61.66%) outnumbered girls (38.33%). There was a positive family history of refractive errors (57.33%). More children were found with refractive errors in parents with higher educational qualification. Myopia ...
REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN -DATA FROM A SCHOOL SCREENING SURVEY PROGRAMME
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2013
Background: The prevalence of blindness in children ranges from approximately 0.3/1000 children in affluent regions to 1.5/1000 in the poorest communities. the importance of early detection and treatment of ocular diseases and visual impairment in young is obvious. Aim and objective - The basic aim of this study was to assess the status of refractive errors in school going children through school screening program. Method: the study was done on students aged 05 years to 15 years, selected randomly from rural and urban schools in and around the periphery of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Result: A total of 18,500 children were screened, Out of them 10730 were boys (58.00%) and rest 7770 (42.00%) were girls. Ocular morbidity (refractory errors) was found in 2422(13.09%) children out of which 1059 (5.72%) were boys and 1363(7.36%) were girls. Of these there were a total of 1,313 myopes ; 740 hypermetropes ; 277 with astigmatism and 92 amblyopic children. Conclusion: school screening program is an effective way to detect the causes of visual impairment in school children.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2018
Background: As your eyes are one of the most important organ in the human body and vision is one of the most wonderful gift. But often many people neglect the importance of eye care and do not pay proper attention towards eye care. An estimated 180 million people world- wide are visibly disabled, of whom nearly 45 million are blind, four out of five of them live in developing countries. Blindness is one of the most significant social problems in India with uncorrected refractive errors as the second major cause accounting for 19.7% of blindness and low vision. Refractive error is an optical defect, intrinsic to the eye which prevents light from being brought to a single point focus on the retina, thus reducing normal vision. Diagnosis and treatment of refractive errors is relatively simple and is one of the easiest ways to reduce impaired vision. Three main types are considered as refractive errors: hypermetropia (farsightedness), myopia (nearsightedness) and astigmatism.Methods: Th...
REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SURAT CITY
National Journal of Medical Research, 2020
Introduction: Refractory error in student lead to poor performance in study. The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of refractive errors in the school going children in the Surat city of Gujarat and to study its age and sex distribution, types and its distribution. Materials and Methods: The study was a review of school based vision screenings conducted from 2017-18. Survey of Refractive Error in school going children in the age group of 5-14 years and studying in class I to class VIII was done in one municipal corporation and one private school in Surat. Results: 190 school students were screened. Number of students detected with refractive errors was found to be 37 (19.5%). Out of the refractive error detected Myopia accounted for 75.6%, Hypermetropia for 13.5% and Astigmatism for the remaining 10.8%. Conclusion: Uncorrected refractive errors constitute a major public health problem in urban school aged children with myopia being the most common and early detection and timely intervention can easily eliminate these treatable causes of visual impairment.
Original Research Article, 2018
Background: 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide. An estimated 19 million children are visually impaired, and 12million are visually impaired due to Refractive Errors. Children in school going age group fall in preventable age group for correction of Refractive Errors. The study was conducted to determine the factors associated with refractive errors among schoolchildren in rural field practice area of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. Methodology: A cross sectional study conducted among school children in age group of 7-15yrs.School children of age 7-15 yrs were examined for defective vision using Snellen’s chart. General information of the children was collected using a pre-designed and semi- structured questionnaire Children with abnormal vision were referred to hospital. Results: 1140 study participants were examined where the mean age was 11.28years.The prevalence of Refractive Errors was 10.5%.The prevalence of Refractive Errors was significantly associated with age (p<0.05). The association between family history and Refractive Errors was statistically significant with p <0.001. Conclusion: The Prevalence of Refractive Errors, especially myopia, was higher in older children. Causes of higher prevalence and barriers to Refractive Error correction services and compliance should be identified and addressed. Eye screening of school children is recommended.
Prevalence of refractive error in children-hospital based study in Lucknow
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | January 2023 | Vol 11 | Issue 1 Page 261 International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2022
Background: Refractive error is defined as a status of refraction. They happen when the shape of your eye keeps light from focusing correctly on your retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). Refractive errors are the most common type of vision problem but many don't know that they could be seeing well. Methods: This study was a cross sectional hospital-based study of 197 children carried out in ophthalmology department of Era Medical College, Lucknow. The study of population comprised of all the children in 5-20 years' (78 male 119 female) age group in the rural area. In this study compressive examination prevalence of myopia and hypermetropia. The assess refractive error among study with 'hine retinoscopy'. Myopia considered grater or equal-0.50 and hyperopia is grater and equal +0.50. Results: The crossed section hospital-based study 197 children examined 78 male and 119 female. The uncorrected ametropia in children was 82.2%. The highly prevalence of myopia 46%, hypermetropia 5%, astigmatism 31%. The most highly significant refractive error 16-20 year of age. Conclusions: The prevalence of ametropia is fined among children in hospital visit. Need for regular routine cheek up proper ophthalmic assessment examination of eye and full proper diet and distance with digital gadget.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2020
Background: Refractive error is one of the most important causes of avoidable visual impairment. Early detection of refractive error in children is essential to avoid any permanent disability. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors as per age, gender and educational standard in school children aged 3-17 years.Methods: This was an observational non-interventional study. 600 eyes of 300 participants in the age group of 3-17 years were evaluated. All underwent cycloplegic refraction followed by objective refraction. Participants were divided into 3 groups as follows 3-8 years, 9-12 years and 13-17 years and evaluation of type of refractive error was done age wise and gender wise.Results: The number of male and female participants was almost similar with a male:female ratio of 1.02:1. Refractive errors were most common in the age group of 9-12 years. The most common refractive error was astigmatism followed by myopia and hypermetropia...
Prevalence of Amblyopia among Government Middle School Children in City Of Lahore, Pakistan
scopemed.org
Amblyopia is a problem faced in all age groups in our society. It leaves great effects on the social, economical, behavioral, educational, physical and psychological aspects of a community. In this study we have determined prevalence, gender distribution, laterality & proportion of amblyopia and its various types among government middle school children in city of Lahore. In this study 200 students, 100 male and 100 female of Class 6 th , 7 th & 8 th from two Government Schools were analyzed. Visual Acuity of all the students was checked. Students with Organic blindness & Mental retardation were excluded. Objective & subjective refraction of all the students having visual acuity 6/12 or less was carried out. Diagnostic criteria for amblyopia were best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or less, in one or both eyes or bilateral difference of at least two best-corrected visual acuity lines. The results revealed that out of total 200 students 23(11.5%) had refractive errors and 6(3%) were amblyopic. Out of these 6(3%), 2(1%) were boys and 4(2%) were girls. 3(1.50%) students had unilateral and 3(1.50%) had bilateral Amblyopia. Meridional Amblyopia was found to be the most predominant type of Amblyopia being 3(1.5%) while Ametropic, Anisometropic and Strabismic type of Amblyopia were 1(0.5%) each. This data supports the assumption that vision screening of school students in our country can be useful in detecting correctable causes of decreased vision especially refractive errors which may otherwise lead to amblyopia causing long term visual disability.