Exploring the economic value of open government data (original) (raw)

Business models for open government data

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2014

The commercial re-use of open government data is broadly expected to generate economic value. However, the practice and study of this trend is still in its infancy. In particular, the issue of value creation in the commercial re-use open government data remains largely unknown. This study aims to further understand how open government data is used to develop commercial products and services. Grounded in the comprehensive data obtained from a sample of 500 U.S. firms that use open government data as part of their business model, we propose a taxonomy that encompasses three business model archetypes (enablers, facilitators, and integrators). Furthermore, we discuss the value proposition of each business model archetype, and subsequently present a framework that describes the value created in the context of the open government data ecosystem. Our framework can be used by both scholars and practitioners in the field of open government data to effectively frame the debate of the value created by the commercial re-use of open government data. Simultaneously, our work can be of benefit to entrepreneurs as it provides a systematic overview, as well as practical insights, of the growing use of open government data in the private sector.

Emerging business models for the open data industry

Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dg.o '14, 2014

Business models for open data have emerged in response to the economic opportunities presented by the increasing availability of open data. However, scholarly efforts providing elaborations, rigorous analysis and comparison of open data models are very limited. This could be partly attributed to the fact that most discussions on open data business models are predominantly in the practice community. This shortcoming has resulted in a growing list of open data business models which, on closer examination, are not clearly delineated and lack clear value orientation. We address this problem by 1) consolidating reported open data business models in both academic and practice literature, 2) describe the models based on a business model framework, and 3) determine open data business models patterns. In addition, we identified the emerging core value disciplines for open data businesses. Our results help to streamline existing useful models, and link them to the overall business strategy through value disciplines.

AO 05 Business models adopted by intermediaries in the use of open government data

2016

After the adoption of open data policies by governments around the world, new business models began to explore the databases opened and create new products and services that may or not generate revenue for its providers. From this scenario, this study aimed to understand the business models adopted by service providers that use open government databases or databases built from public data and data captured by tools resulting from these new products and services. Therefore, we analyzed seven cases of businesses awarded in prizes that had evaluation criteria such as innovation, technology and services to the population. This qualitative study aimed to identify evidences of phenomena relating to the use of open government databases, the participation of these service providers in the open government data value chain and features present in their business models that could be replicated in new cases. The main findings revealed that business models need to create databases that standardi...

Open government data and the private sector: An empirical view on business models and value creation

Government Information Quarterly, 2017

The release of government data in an open format is broadly expected to generate innovation and economic value. However, despite the emerging public notoriety of this issue, literature is still scarce regarding the commercial application of open government data. The main goal of this study is to understand how firms use open government data to create value. More specifically, we aim to identify what types of use are currently in place and which industries are more prominent in exploiting open government data. Building on the analysis of a dataset of 178 firms that use open government data across various industries in the U.S. we find twelve different atomic models. Additionally, our findings suggest that the way in which open government is used to create value is contingent to the firms' activities. Supported by robust empirical data, we anticipate that our research produces practical insights to entrepreneurs as well as firm managers in deriving value from public datasets, and equip government officials with relevant evidence for advocacy and policy-making.

Open Innovation, Open Data and new Business Models

Open government data are the result of as well as the preconditions for open government. Data made publically accessible are an important basis for creating added value for society as a whole. Open data business models support entrepreneurs in reusing and combining available open data sources to provide value-added services. Three cases show how open data business models can be realized.

The Value of Open Government Data: A Strategic Analysis Framework

Government data has been accumulated for centuries in protected repositories and registries as public record and a matter of civil order. Recently, the Open Government Data (OGD) movement has emerged as a group that focuses on facilitating open access to government data. Proponents of OGD initiatives argue that it can strengthen democracy and improve government through increased participation, collaboration and transparency. OGD advocates are also motivated by its potential contribution to greater productivity and economic growth through increased government efficiency and the creation of new businesses and services. However, as most OGD initiatives are relatively recent, the key questions regarding the value propositions and return on investment of these initiatives remain unanswered. In this theory development paper, we propose a strategic options framework that offers criteria for generating and prioritizing OGD initiatives. The framework can guide structured analysis of the economic and social impacts of OGD with an emphasis on its value propositions for both the public and private sectors. Building on a literature review and fieldwork-based anecdotal evidence, we expect OGD initiatives to generate value and substantial returns through increased transparency, efficiency of government activities, citizen participation and entrepreneurial activity.

The Open Data Canvas–Analyzing Value Creation from Open Data

Digital Government: Research and Practice

Expectations to derive value from open data are high. However, how value is created from open data is still largely unknown. Open data value is usually generated in constellation of actors in which each player has different capabilities and roles. To understand the open data value creation process, the business model canvas is introduced in this article. The typical components of the business model canvas and open data value creation are derived from the literature. By combining these two research streams, the open data value model canvas is created. The case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide dashboard developed by the Johns Hopkins University is used to evaluate the model's utility. Key components of the open data value model are creating an overview of various data sources from public and private organizations, having capabilities to combine heterogeneous data, and connecting data and needs. In this way, the open data canvas helps to grasp the value creation logic.

The value of data: an analysis of closed-urban-data-based and open-data-based business models

“Cities and Digital Technology” Chair of Sciences Po’s Urban School working paper N°01/2018, 2018

The aim of this article is to shed some light on what makes data valuable and analyze the business models that are based on urban data and on open data. The article is structured as follows. Section 1 shows what makes data valuable, namely size, quality and scope. After pointing out that a property regime for data does not exist, Section 2 explains the two main legal strategies that firms employ to appropriate data in order to build business models around it: intellectual-property-based strategies (copyright, patents and sui generis database right) and the terms of use and trade secret combo. Section 3 defines closed-urban-data-based business models and studies them by focusing on how data is obtained, how value is created for the end user from it, and how value is captured. Four types of these business models are distinguished: aggregated-data-based services providers, individual-data-based service providers, trust-based algorithmic coordination platforms and transactional intermediaries. Section 4 focuses on the business models that build on open data to create value and distinguishes five families: government open data, for-profit private firm standalone open data, nonprofit standalone open data, multi-stakeholder data pooling and common-based open data crowdsourcing.

How to Ensure the Economic Viability of an Open Data Platform

Procedia Computer Science, 2014

In the context of the EC-funded ENGAGE project, and in collaboration with euroCRIS, a team at the engineering school Ecole Centrale Paris has performed a functional, technical and economic analysis of Open Governmental Data platforms in the world to determine the differentiating services to be promoted and the most promising business models for this type of platforms. As a result, a combination of business models evolving in time is recommended.

The Sustainable Value of Open Government Data

Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 2019

The exponentially growing availability of data, global connectivity, and trends toward increased openness and sharing are turning into a powerful force that is changing the global economy and society. Governments around the world have become active participants in this evolution by opening up their data for access and re-use by public and private agents alike. The recent phenomenon of Open Government Data (OGD) has spread around the world, driven by the proposition that opening government data has the ability to generate both economic and social value. However, a review of the academic research and the popular press reveals only sporadic attention given to various aspects with no overarching framework that explains how OGD generates value. We apply a critical realist approach to uncover the generative mechanisms that serve to explain this relationship. First, we present a strategic framework with four archetypical generative mechanisms. The framework outlines the different pathways to value generation and highlights the current tension between the private/public and economic/social domains. Second, we offer a conceptual model that provides a systematic way of articulating and examining further the generation of value from OGD.