Tumor markers of uterine cervical cancer: a new scenario to guide surgical practice? (original) (raw)
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Application of Human Papillomavirus in Screening for Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013
Cervical cancer is a commonly-encountered malignant tumor in women. Cervical screening is particularly important due to early symptoms being deficient in specificity. The main purpose of the study is to assess the application value of cervical thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. In the study, cervical TCT and HPV detection were simultaneously performed on 12,500 patients selected in a gynecological clinic. Three hundred patients with positive results demonstrated by cervical TCT and/or HPV detection underwent cervical tissue biopsy under colposcopy, and pathological results were considered as the gold standard. The results revealed that 200 out of 12,500 patients were abnormal by TCT, in which 30 cases pertained to equivocal atypical squamous cells (ASCUS), 80 cases to low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 70 cases to high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 20 cases to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). With increasing pathological grade of cervical biopsy, however, TCT positive rates did not rise. Two hundred and eighty out of 12,500 patients were detected as positive for HPV infection, in which 50 cases were chronic cervicitis and squamous metaplasia, 70 cases cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ, 60 cases CIN Ⅱ, 70 cases CIN Ⅲ and 30 cases invasive cervical carcinoma. Two hundred and thirty patients with high-risk HPV infection were detected. With increase in pathological grade, the positive rate of high-risk HPV also rose. The detection rates of HPV detection to CIN Ⅲ and invasive cervical carcinoma as well as the total detection rate of lesions were significantly higher than that of TCT. Hence, HPV detection is a better method for screening of cervical cancer at present.
Prevention , Screening and Diagnosis of Cervical Carcinoma : A Literature Review . *
2017
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an unenveloped double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) virus capable of infecting humans and inducing cervical carcinoma in females. HPVs can also be grouped to high-risk and low-risk HPV types. Low-risk HPV types include types 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44. High-risk HPV types include types 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, and 70. HPV16 and 18 have been implicated as the commonest aetiologic agent in this disease. Various methods have been used in testing the presence of human papillomavirus including histology, pap smear, polymerase chain reaction and hybridization technique. Pap has been used for cervical carcinoma screening worldwide. Cervarix and Gardasil are effective vaccines against the human papillomavirus type 16 and 18.
The human papillomavirus, cervical cancer and screening strategies an update (USM)
Cervical cancer, the most common gynaecological malignancy has been strongly correlated with the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). Different risk factors exaggerate the onset and progression of cervical cancer to malignant and metastatic state. Recent outcomes for the identification of the molecular pathways involved in cervical cancer provide clues about novel bio or oncogenic markers that are proved to be helpful in monitoring the detection of lesion with a high risk of progression in cytological smears and histological specimens. Sexual health programs and public awareness with developing strategies is the ultimate requirement for combating cervical cancer worldwide. The current review discusses mechanism of HPV that links with cervical cancer, various risk factors for the progression of cervical pathologies including smoking, oral contraceptives and sexual factors as well as diagnostic and screening strategies for cervical cancer.
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) & screening strategies for cervical cancer
2009
The incidence of cervical cancer is declining slowly necessitating concerted and organized control measures. Control through primary prevention has become a distinct reality though a prophylactic vaccine, which may take quite some time for its widespread use. Thus control of cervical cancer through secondary preventive measures is the only viable solution now. While high quality cytology screening may not be
Uterine Cervical Cancer Screening
Cervical Cancer - Screening, Treatment and Prevention - Universal Protocols for Ultimate Control, 2018
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the third cause of death among women worldwide. More than 85% of the cases occur in developing countries. In Latin America, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths among women, primarily in young women with devastating social impact. It is mostly the consequence of lack of a health care infrastructure that allows cervical cancer screening suitable for detecting pre-malignant lesions. With the knowledge that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, two major preventive interventions have emerged: HPV vaccination and screening, which involve the detection and treatment of cervical dysplasia and early-stage cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 cause up to 70% of all cervical cancer cases in Latin America and are covered in all available vaccines. Since tests for high-risk HPV types and HPV vaccines are expensive and they have not been included in immunization programs and given free of charge to eligible women in Venezuela and most less developed regions, screening campaigns with cytology and direct visualization of the cervix with VIN continue to be the major interventions that can prevent cervical cancer in these countries; they need to be implemented in a large scale.
The human papillomavirus, cervical cancer and screening strategies: an update
Biomedical Research
Cervical cancer, the most common gynaecological malignancy has been strongly correlated with the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). Different risk factors exaggerate the onset and progression of cervical cancer to malignant and metastatic state. Recent outcomes for the identification of the molecular pathways involved in cervical cancer provide clues about novel bio or oncogenic markers that are proved to be helpful in monitoring the detection of lesion with a high risk of progression in cytological smears and histological specimens. Sexual health programs and public awareness with developing strategies is the ultimate requirement for combating cervical cancer worldwide. The current review discusses mechanism of HPV that links with cervical cancer, various risk factors for the progression of cervical pathologies including smoking, oral contraceptives and sexual factors as well as diagnostic and screening strategies for cervical cancer.
Cervical Cancer Screening: Past, Present, and Future
Sexual Medicine Reviews, 2019
ABSTRACTIntroductionCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the developing world. New technologies have been developed to allow for more rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive cervical cancer screening and treatment.AimThe aim of this study was to describe methods for detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical dysplasia (CD), and cervical cancer. New technologies and updated screening strategies will be emphasized.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify publications relevant to the subject.Main Outcome MeasureSensitivity and cost-effectiveness of new cervical cancer screening methods were the main outcome measures.ResultsHPV and cervical cancer have a significant global impact. Research and innovations related to detection and treatment are key in reducing their burden worldwide.ConclusionScreening a woman for HPV and CD can dramatically decrease her risk of dying from cervical cancer. New, rapid, low-cost, HPV t...
Screening trial of human papillomavirus for early detection of cervical cancer in Santiago, Chile
Cervical cancer mortality in Chile is four times higher than in developed countries. We compared the accuracy of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) testing to detect prevalent precancerous and cancerous lesions in the routine clinical practice of the public health system. Women aged 25 years and older residing in the area covered by three primary care centers of Santiago, Chile, were invited to participate. Eligible women received both HPV DNA (Hybrid Capture 2) and Pap testing. Women positive by either test (Pap: ASCUS1, HC2: RLU/CO 1.0) underwent colposcopy and biopsy, as did a sample of double-negative women with an abnormal cervix at visual inspection or with risk factors for cervical lesions. Crude and verification bias-corrected sensitivities and specificities were estimated. In total, 8,265 women (98.8% of eligible) had complete screening results. Of these, 10.7% were HPV positive, 1.7% were Pap positive and 1.1% were positive by both tests. In all, 931 (11.3%) women were screen-positive, of whom 94.3% attended colposcopy. Additionally, 295 control women were invited for colposcopy, of whom 78% attended. In all, 42 CIN2, 45 CIN3 and 9 cancers were identified. Verification bias-corrected sensitivity for CIN21 (95% confidence interval) was 92.7% (84.4–96.8) for HPV and 22.1% (16.4–29.2) for Pap; corresponding specificities were 92.0% (91.4–92.6) and 98.9% (98.7–99.0). In conclusion, in routine clinical practice in a developing country, HPV testing was four times more sensitive for CIN21 than Pap testing, identifying three times more CIN21 lesions; HPV testing was easily implemented in our established cervical cancer prevention program.
British journal of cancer, 2000
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been suggested for primary screening of cervical cancer. Prediction of future high-grade cervical lesions is crucial for effectiveness and cost. We performed a case control study in a retrospective cohort of women with at least two cervical smears, all but the last one being negative, from the organized cervical screening programme in Florence, Italy. We searched for high-risk HPV in all previous, archival, smears from cases (new histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade II or worse) and in one previous smear from each control (last smear cytologically normal, matched by age and interval (latency) from last smear). We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the b-globin gene was used as a DNA preservation marker. High-risk HPV was identified in 71/92 (77.17%) previous smears from 79 cases and 17/332 controls (5.12%). The odds ratio (OR) was 63.76 (95% CI 30.57-132.96). Among cases the proportion of HPV-positiv...