Biomass and Lipid Production Potential of Economically Important Marine Microalgal Strains (original) (raw)
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Effect of carbon supply mode on biomass and lipid in CSMCRI's Chlorella variabilis (ATCC 12198)
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016
CSIR-CSMCRI's Chlorella variabilis (ATCC 12198) was evaluated through autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth for lipid production. Autotrophic growth was assessed by providing sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate/CO 2 (air in a medium). Higher lipid productivity (115.94 mg L À1 d À1) with higher biomass productivity (724.98 mg L À1 d À1) of this strain was attained through bicarbonate and CO 2 sequestration in a photobioreactor. Ability to regulate the pH in favorable bicarbonate/carbonate ratio showed its potential in alkaline effluent based carbon sequestration system for biofuel generation. The simultaneous study was also conducted to understand the effect of elevated CO 2 (0.4, 1 and 1.2 g L À1) in air on the culture to assess adaptation, growth and lipid in the closed chamber conditions. It was observed that CO 2 sequestration by the microalgae from the CO 2 enriched environment was optimum at 1 g L À1 C. variabilis adapted to comparatively higher CO 2 (1 g L À1) but grew better in low CO 2 (0.4 g L À1). It was also observed that the growth, lipid content and fatty acid composition was significantly affected by CO 2 supply strategies. The effect of intermittently added sodium bicarbonate at different pH on microalgal lipid content and composition of fatty acids was observed which could affect the quality of biodiesel. The effect on fatty acid composition was observed in response to carbon supply mode during the microalgal growth at different pH dictating the properties of biodiesel.
Enhanced Growth Performance Of Microalgal Biomass For Lipid Production
2020
The supply of petroleum-based fuel decreases, and the need to produce viable renewable fuel increases. In the wake of the uprising global energy crisis, microalgae serve as a promising feedstock for oil production. The researcher gained interest due to its hitting-two birds-with-one-stone approach as a potential solution for the continuously depleting source of oil reservoir worldwide and to reduce carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere using microalgae. The potential of the strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Monoraphidium sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Desmodesmus denticulatus, and Chlorophyta sp.) in the production of lipid was assessed in this study. Furthermore, optimization of the growth conditions of each microalgae strain were identified to enhance biomass production and lipid accumulation. Two microalgae strains namely Monoraphidium sp. and Desmodesmus denticulatus exhibited higher lipid productivity compared to other microalgae strains on biomass and lipid content. The following...
2015
Recently, fuel production from algae has been receiving considerable attention because of growing energy prices, emissions of green house gases (Xiong et al., 2010) and gradual depletion of fossil fuels (Damiani, 2010). Microalgae due to their rapid biomass production, high photosynthetic efficiency (Xiong et al., 2010) and ability to storage a large amount of lipid are ideal source of biodiesel. In fact, microalgae have the highest lipid yield among various oil plants, and the lipid content of some microalgae has up to 80% and the compositions of microalgal oils are mainly TAG which is the right kind of oil for producing biodiesel (Chisti, 2007; Amin, 2009). Now days, production of microalgal biomass can be achieved by photoautotrophic cultivation, using sun light and CO2, and heterotrophic cultivation using ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 207-215 http://www.ijcmas.com
International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: Microalgae are studied for decades for various products such as, protein rich animal/fish feed, lipids, pigments, neutra ceuticals, therapeutic agents, primary products and biomass. Lipid content was prime target in most of the research programs for production of biodiesel as an alternate to fossil fuel. Chlorophycean microalgae has the potential to meet all these requirements. The objective of this study was to collect and identify chlorophycean microalgae from various water bodies of Jharkhand State of India and to estimate their total lipid content. Methods: Wild cholorophycean fresh water species from Jharkhand were collected and studied for biomass, total lipid, carotenoids and chlorophyll content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data were obtained for further verification of lipid estimation in all the species. Light microscopy as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to identify the species. Results: The observation revealed two groups of micro algae, among these Scenedesmus sp and Chlorella sp. Showed highest lipid accumulation of 45.1 and 41.5 % respectively, while Legerhemia sp. Showed highest biomass production (21.2 g/l). Productivity/day for an 80K L pond system was calculated by extrapolation of results; that changed the choice of organism to Desmodesmus sp. Conclusion: The microalgae collected from highly polluted sites were efficient enough to yield high lipid (AKS-1/AKS-8) and biomass (AKS-6). The laboratory scale study was extrapolated with mass scale culture data and the choice of organism changed to AKS-16 from AKS-1/AKS-8 (for high lipid content) or AKS-6 (for high biomass).
European Food Research and Technology, 2019
Biomass from five microalgal species, Porphyridium cruentum, Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis suecica and Nannochloropsis gaditana, produced at an industrial plant in outdoor photobioreactors, was studied with the aim to evaluate their suitability to the food and nutraceutical sectors. Microalgal biomass was analyzed for proximates, nonprotein nitrogen, energy, fatty acids, minerals, trace elements and mercury contents. Proximate analyses showed wide differences among microalgal species, in accordance with their different taxonomic position, especially as regards protein (19.6-33.2% dry mass), carbohydrate (15.9-42.2% dry mass) and lipid (5.7-31.1% dry mass) contents. All species proved to be a good source of minerals and trace elements and of polyunsaturated fatty acids (47.4-59.1% of total fatty acids) with varying profiles. N-3 fatty acids were prevalent in P. tricornutum, N. gaditana, I. galbana and T. suecica (32.6-36.4% of total fatty acids), whereas n-6 fatty acids, mainly arachidonic (C20:4) and linoleic (C18:2) acids, were prevalent in P. cruentum (43.3% of total fatty acids). N. gaditana, P. tricornutum, and P. cruentum were rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (36.0, 29.3%, and 15.9% of total fatty acids, respectively), while I. galbana was a good source of stearidonic (C18:4, 12.2% of total fatty acids) and docosahexaenoic (9.0% of total fatty acids) acids, undetectable or present at low levels in the other species. I galbana and T. suecica showed also high percentages of α-linolenic acid (C18:3, 12.2%-15.7% of total fatty acids). All microalgae were characterized by good nutrient contents and confirmed to be potentially valuable ingredients for nutritional or nutraceutical purposes.
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Background: The cultivation mode plays a great role in biomass production and composition in the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Aims and Objectives: The effects of three different cultivation modes including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic growth conditions on the biomass and lipid production and also on the biomass composition in the unicellular photosynthetic microalga C. vulgaris were investigated. Materials and Methods: BG-11 culture medium was used for preservation and analysis of the studied microalgal strain. Effects of three different cultivation strategies including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic modes of cultivation were investigated on biomass and lipid production in C. vulgaris. Results: The maximum amount of cell dry weight was obtained in mixotrophic mode (3.91 g L −1) while autotrophic and heterotrophic modes achieved a final cell dry weight of 2.47 g L −1 and 1.52 g L −1 , respectively. Besides, the biomass production in mixotrophic was increased 158% and 257% in 21 days, compared with autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The heterotrophic cultivation mode achieved the highest lipid contents (48.68%) which was 110.01% and 143.13% times higher than the mixotrophic (44.25%) and autotrophic (34.01%) conditions. The protein accumulation in autotrophic mode with 41.7% had the highest value. Conclusion: Considering the biomass produced in mixotrophic condition in the studied microalgal strain, this cultivation mode is recommended for lipid production which can be used for green energy production.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2014
The growth and total lipid content of four green microalgae (Chlorella sp., Chlorella vulgaris CCAP211/ 11B, Botryococcus braunii FC124 and Scenedesmus obliquus R8) were investigated under different culture conditions. Among the various carbon sources tested, glucose produced the largest biomass or microalgae grown heterotrophically. It was found that 1 % (w/v) glucose was actively utilized by Chlorella sp., C. vulgaris CCAP211/ 11B and B. braunii FC124, whereas S. obliquus R8 preferred 2 % (w/v) glucose. No significant difference in biomass production was noted between heterotrophic and mixotrophic (heterotrophic with light illumination/exposure) growth conditions, however, less production was observed for autotrophic cultivation. Total lipid content in cells increased by approximately twofold under mixotrophic cultivation with respect to heterotrophic and autotrophic cultivation. In addition, light intensity had an impact on microalgal growth and total lipid content. The highest total lipid content was observed at 100 lmol m-2 s-1 for Chlorella sp. (22.5 %) and S. obliquus R8 (23.7 %) and 80 lmol m-2 s-1 for C. vulgaris CCAP211/ 11B (20.1 %) and B. braunii FC124 (34.9 %).