Development and validation of a formula based on maxillary sinus measurements as a tool for sex estimation: a cone beam computed tomography study (original) (raw)
Related papers
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2007
Background Identification of corpses is a difficult forensic procedure and it is mandated by laws and social rules. Comparison of ante mortem and postmortem medical records, such as dental documents, plays an important role in the identification of corpses. However, typical identification methods may be inconclusive, especially when certain extreme postmortem changes have developed. Gender has long been determined from the skull, the pelvis and the long bones with an epiphysis and a metaphysis in unknown skeletons. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the width, the length and the height of the maxillary sinuses could be used for determination of gender. Materials and Methods The width, the length and the height of the maxillary sinuses were measured in 127 adult patients who were admitted to the Department of Radiology for computed tomography scans of their sinuses. Of 127 patients, 62 (48.8%) were females and 65 (51.2%) were males. The width, the length and the height of the maxillary sinuses were measured in Computerized Tomography scans (Hitachi Radix Turbo computed tomography) when the patients were in prone position without sedation or contrast medium. The data were subjected to a discriminative analysis using the SPSS package program (Version 11.5).
Human Sex Identification from Frontal and Maxillary Air Sinuses Using CT Scan
The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology
Background:Gender determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Study of anthropometric characters is of fundamental importance to solve problems related to such cases. Paranasal sinuses and particularly the frontal sinuses have been utilized for this purpose. The unique nature and irregular shape of the paranasal air sinuses make them suitable for this purpose. In cases of mass disaster and criminal cases, paranasal sinuses remain intact even if the skull and other bones are badly blemished.Objectives: The present study was designed to determine sex by the use of frontal and maxillary air sinuses dimensions from CT scans of paranasal sinuses. Methods: The present work included 100 adult patients (50 males and 50 females). The measurements of the length and width of the maxillary and frontal air sinuses were done using CT scan on DICOM images using Electronic Caliper inbuilt in the DICOM viewer software. Results: Right frontal air sinus width was the most specific (specificity 86 %) and right frontal air sinus length was the most sensitive (sensitivity 94%) measure to discriminate between both genders. ROC analysis indicated that the highest sensitivity rate was obtained for left maxillary air sinus length (sensitivity 100%) and the highest specificity rate was obtained for right maxillary air sinus length (specificity 100%). The right frontal air sinus length was the best discriminate variable between genders with overall accuracy of 80% in females and 92% in males. The maxillary air sinus length was the best predictor of gender in males and females with accuracy (100% in females and 98% in males).Conclusion:The mean values of frontal and maxillary air sinuses widths and lengths for both right and left sides were statistically higher in males in comparison to females. The mean values of right side frontal and maxillary air sinuses lengths and widths were higher than those of the left side in males and females. The left maxillary air sinus length is the most specific and sensitive parameter to predict gender.
The Use of Maxillary Sinus Dimensions in Gender Determination
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2014
Gender determination is an important step in identification. For gender determination, anthropometric evaluation is one of the main forensic evaluations. In the present study, morphometric analysis of maxillary sinuses was performed to determine gender. For morphometric analysis, coronal and axial paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan with 1-mm slice thickness was used. For this study, 140 subjects (70 women and 70 men) were enrolled (age ranged between 18 and 63). The size of each subject's maxillary sinuses was measured in anteroposterior, transverse, cephalocaudal, and volume directions. In each measurement, the size of the maxillary sinus is significantly small in female gender (P < 0.001). When discrimination analysis was performed, the accuracy rate was detected as 80% for women and 74.3% for men with an overall rate of 77.15%. With the use of 1-mm slice thickness CT, morphometric analysis of maxillary sinuses will be helpful for gender determination.
Purpose. Radiography is important in forensic odontology for the identification of humans. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and first to develop. Sinus radiography has been used for identification of skeletal remains and determination of gender. Hence, the aim and objectives of the present study were to establish a new method for gender determination using maxillary sinus index from lateral cephalometric radiographs and to establish the reliability of maxillary sinus for gender determination. Methods. A total of 50 adult digital lateral cephalometric radiographs (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The maxillary sinus analysis was performed on these radiographs using the height and width measurement tools of Sidexis XG software. Maxillary sinus index was calculated, discriminant function analysis performed, and discriminant equation derived for determination of gender. Results. The mean maxillary sinus height and width were found to be higher in males, whereas the maxillary sinus index was greater in females. The discriminant function analysis derived in the study was able to differentiate the sex groups with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 76%. Conclusions. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus can be used as a reliable tool in gender determination.
Asian Journal of Medical Radiological Research
Background: Gender determination is considered to be an important step inidentification.For gender determination, anthropometric assessment is one of the main forensic assessments. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the morphometric dimensions of the maxillary sinuses can be used for gender determination. Subjects and Methods: A total of 147 patients from the age group of 20-70 were included in the study.Out of which 85(57.8%) were males and 62(42.2%) were females, and who came for head and paranasal sinusComputed Tomography (CT) scan in the duration of one year from June 2018 to April 2019 and who had complaints of head ache and suspected sinus diseases but without any pathological radiographic findings or history of trauma and in whom the CT Scans were considered normal as per the consultant radiologists.To obtain the Multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT)images, an MDCT Siemens Somatom Definition AS 64 SLICE machine with a high-resolution bone algorithm, 233 mm field of view, 120 kV, 395 mA, scanning time of 6.5 seconds and slice thickness of 1.0 mm was used to obtain the axial images. Results: The proportion of correctly identified females with right and left sinus was 74.2 % and 77.4% while using right and left sinus 76.5% and78.8% of males were correctly identified respectively. The combined proportion of correctly identified gender was 75.5% using the right sinus and 78.2% using the left sinus. Conclusion: All the parameters were equally and statistically significant in gender determination in our study making imaging of maxillary sinus on CT scan as an important anatomical structure as an aid in forensic anthropology for criminal investigations. Based on the multiple regression analysis a formula is also derived to easily and conveniently calculate the gender based on the values of maxillary sinus obtained on CT scan.
Sex determination using maxillary sinus
Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 2015
Background: Individual identification is a subtle concept and often one of the most important priorities in mass disasters, road accidents, air crashes, fires, and even in the investigation of criminal cases. Matching specific features detected on the cadaver with data recorded during the life of an individual is an important aspect in forensics, and can be performed by fingerprint analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid matching, anthropological methods, radiological methods and other techniques which can facilitate age and sex identification. Sinus radiography is one such method that has been used for determination of the sex of an individual. Hence, an attempt is being made to use the different dimensions of the maxillary sinus in the determination of sex using coronal and axial sections of plain computed tomography (CT) scan. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients including 17 male and 13 female, visiting the Outpatient Department of the Mamata General Hospital were included as the study subjects. The dimensions of right and left maxillary sinuses of 30 subjects from plain CT were measured using SYNGO software and statistical analysis was done. Results: Sex determination using height, length, width, and volume of the maxillary sinus on both sides showed statistically significant results with a higher percentage of sexual dimorphism in the case of volume. Conclusion: Volume of the right maxillary sinus can be used as accurate diagnostic parameter for sex determination.
Gender Identification from Maxillary Sinus Using Multi-Detector Computed Tomography
Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
Attia et al ... been used for sexing the individual as bones of the body are last to perish after death, next to enamel of teeth (Deshmukh and Deversh, 2006). Radiography is used in forensic pathology for the identification of humans especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or INTRODUCTlON Identification of skeletal and decomposing human remains is one of the most difficult skills in forensic medicine. Sex determination is also an important problem in the identification. Skeletal remains have GENDER IDENTIFICATION FROM MAXILLARY SINUS USING MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Journal of forensic dental sciences
Identification of human body or remains after death is a forensic procedure, which is difficult to perform and is mandatory by law and in compliance with social norms. Sexing the recovered human remains is an integral part of the identification process. Maxillary sinus can be used for gender determination as it remains intact even when the skull and other bones may be badly damaged in casualties where the body is incinerated. Computed tomography (CT) provides an excellent method for examining maxillary sinuses. CT images were used to measure the mediolateral, superoinferior, and anteroposterior dimensions and the volume of the maxillary sinuses in 30 patients (15 males and 15 females) to investigate whether these parameters could be used to determine the gender of an individual for forensic identification. The t-test for independent samples was used to compare these values in males and females and the data were subjected to discriminative analysis using SPSS software. Our method was...
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Background: The identification of human remains is an essential part of forensic science. Studying paranasal sinuses is very useful in identification of mutilated or burnt bodies from accidents such as plane crashes. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of anthropometric indices of maxillary sinuses for sex determination using CT-scan images in Iranian adults. Methods: CT-scan slices of 228 maxillary sinuses (from 144 men and 144 women) were studied. The maximum height, maximum anterior-posterior diameter, maximum width, and maximum distance between the sinuses were measured in both sexes. Our participants were divided into three age groups of 20e34, 35e49, and over 50 to compare the recorded measurements in different age groups. Results: We found a significant difference between men and women regarding the maximum height, maximum width, maximum A-P diameter of sinuses and the maximum distance between the right and left maxillary sinuses in all of our participants. We also found that the highest accuracy for sex determination was related to the maximum distance between the sinuses (65.6%) and the lowest to the maximum width of the right sinus (56.2%). The most accurate identification resulted from assessing the maximum distance between the sinuses in the 20e34 age group (74.3%), the maximum anteriorposterior diameter of the sinuses in the 35e49 age group (62.8%) and the maximum height of the left sinus in the over 50 age group (65.7%). Conclusion: Regardless of age, according to our study the parameters of height, width, anterior-posterior diameter of sinuses and the maximum distance between the right and left maxillary sinuses are partially valuable for sex determination. The most accurate sex identification was examined in the 20e34 age group from studying the maximum distance between the sinuses. Especially in the over 50 age group, it is not enough to consider the sinus parameter for sex identification.
Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions in gender determination using helical CT scanning
Journal of forensic …, 2011
Gender determination is an important step in identification in forensic medicine. CT measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful to support gender identification. This study was undertaken to study the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinus dimensions measurement in gender classification through the use of reconstructed helical CT images. Eighty-eight patients (43 men and 45 women) with age range from 20 to 49 years were selected in this study. The width, length, and height of the maxillary sinuses in addition to the total distance across both sinuses were measured. Data were subjected to discriminant analysis for gender using multiple regression analysis. Maxillary sinus height was the best discriminant parameter that could be used to study sexual dimorphism with an overall accuracy of 71.6%. Using multivariate analysis, 74.4% of male sinuses and 73.3% of female sinuses were sexed correctly. The overall percentage for sexing maxillary sinuses correctly was 73.9%. It can be concluded that reconstructed CT image can provide valuable measurements for maxillary sinuses and could be used for sexing when other methods of sexing are not conclusive.