Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System (original) (raw)
Related papers
Heliyon, 2020
Folkloric or galenic preparations of valerian roots and rhizomes have been used as sedatives/anxiolytics and sleep inducers since ancient times. "Valerianas" are plants that naturally grow in our region. Although some of them are used in folk medicine, they lack scientific information. We performed a comparative study of the phytochemical composition and the potential in vivo effects of ethanolic extracts of argentine valerian species: Valeriana carnosa Sm., V. clarionifolia Phil. and V. macrorhiza Poepp. ex DC., from "Patagonia Argentina"; V. ferax (Griseb.) H€ ock and V. effusa Griseb., from the central part of our country, and V. officinalis (as the reference plant). All these plants were rich in phenolic compounds, evidenced the presence of ligands for the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA A receptor and were able to induce sedation as assessed by loss-of-righting reflex assays (500 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice treated with V. macrorhiza, V. carnosa and V. ferax extracts showed reduced exploratory behaviors while V. clarionifolia produced anxiolytic-like activities (500 mg/kg, i.p.) in the Hole board test. Oral administrations (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) evidenced sedative effects for V. ferax and anxiolytic-like properties for V. macrorhiza, V. carnosa and V. clarionifolia extracts. Our native valerian species are active on the CNS, validating its folkloric use as anxiolytic/sedative and sleep enhancers.
Valeriana Officinalis: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Valeriana is a well-known Indian traditional medicinal herb with sleep remedy. It has been used over the years to treat nervine and sedative in hysteria, epilepsy, and sedative in nervous anxiety. It has also been used as an aromatic stimulant and reported some distinctive indications, as well as its use for rheumatism, low-grade fevers, and aphrodisiac. It has been known to grow well in regions of Europe, parts of Asia and North America. This systematic review focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses of Valeriana, including recent advances on the phytochemical and pharmacological study of Valeriana officinalis. In addition, future developments and scenarios in the study of the plant have been proposed. Various literature and electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley were searched and data obtained. Other online academic libraries such as Google Scholar and ethnopharmacological literature were searched systematically for more information on the plant....
International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research
Valeriana wallichii referred to as Indian Valeriana has a family circle Valerianaceae commonly known as "Tagara". India, Nepal, and China are home to the important variety of the Valeriana genus. It is indigenous to India and can be found between 8000-10000 feet altitudes in the Himalayan region. Valeriana is a popular ethnobotanical remedy throughout Europe for relieving stress and improving sleep. Vital Central nervous system (CNS) activity is mirrored in the genuine Ayurvedic text-based content and declared as one of the handiest treatments with inside the remedy of neurosis and is powerful in pacifying the body ache (Vedanasathpana), chills (Sheetprashmana), and headaches (Shirah shoolprshmana). Additionally, it has been addressed in the Charaka Samhita as a remedy for snake poisoning. The rhizome and supporting tissues of valerian are used to treat insomnia, epilepsy, hypertension, and psychosomatic disorders. Important phytochemicals can reduce pain, manage stress, p...
Pharmacological Properties of Valeriana Officinalis-A Review
unisa.it
Summary The present review describes the morphological, phytochemical and pharmacology aspects of Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae). Valeriana officinalis is a hardy perennial flowering plant. Valerian is native to Europe and Asia and has naturalized ...
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Homoeopathic Review of Valeriana Officinalis Linn
2017
Valeriana Officinalis was introduced into Homoeopathic practice in 1805 by Dr. Hahnemann, the founder of Homoeopathy. [5] It was included the United States Dispensatory in 1849 which reported on its effect on the nervous system and its ability to produce drowsiness and sleep. It was also listed in the British Pharmacopoeia in 1867 and the United States National Formulary until 1946. Various species of valerian continue to be included in the pharmacopoeiae of many nations such as Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. [6]
Pharmacognostic Investigation of Valeriana hardwickii Wall. A Threatened Herb
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Aim:Valeriana hardwickii Wall. belongs to family Valerianaceae grown in high altitude areas of north west Himalaya to Bhutan. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are used to treat insomnia; however, no reports are available regarding any pharmacognostic work on this plant. Material and Methods: The study includes morphological, microscopic and preliminary phytochemical investigations of the roots and rhizome. Anatomical studies of roots and rhizome shows the presence of diagnostic characters such as thick walled cortex cells, annular xylem fi ber, pitted xylem vessel and rhizome hair. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, dichlomethane and aqueous extract revealed the presence of tritepenoids, alkaloids, irridoidal glycosides and fl avanoids. The study was carried out as per WHO guidelines. Conclusion: The outcome of this work will help the researchers to differentiate V. hardwickii from the other species of valerian.
Bioactive metabolites from Valeriana genera
2011
Departmem of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, Uttarakhand, India<br> E-mail : mathelacs@gmail.com<br> CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP, Post CIMAP, Lucknow-226 015,<br> Uttar Pradesh, India<br> Manuscript received 24 October 2011, accepted 26 October 2011 Valeriano species (Valerianaceae) with cosmopolitan distribution are the source of important phytomedicines<br> for curing nervous unrest, emotional troubles (as tranquilizer/sedative), epilepsy and insanity. Valerian continues to be<br> a safe sedative/hypnotic choice for patients with mild to moderate insomnia. Valeriano species possess variety of bioactive<br> sesquiterpenoids navour chemicals and valepotriates possessing unique structural features. The activity of Valerian herbs<br> is largely due to the valeporiates but the results show the sesquiterpenoids as being equally effective. Some valepotriate~<br> exhibit significa...
Anticonvulsant Activity of Root Extracts of Valeriana Jatamansii Linn in Experimental Rats
Valeriana jatamansii Linn (Valerianaceae) is a medicinal herb used in the traditional health care system of Uttarakhand (India). The present study reports the anticonvulsant activities in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the roots of Valeriana jatamansii on the rats, induced both chemically and electrically. The models chosen for the activity were Maximal Electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. The test dose studied were 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight orally of the extracts. Acute toxicity studies show that the extracts were non toxic up to the recommended dose 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guideline no 423. In PTZ induced seizures, onset of clonic convulsions were studied while in MES model, reduction in the mean duration of extensor phase was noted. Both the extracts showed anticonvulsant activities against MES and PTZ animal models.
Plants
The essential oils (EOs) of three Caprifoliaceae species, the Eurasiatic Valeriana officinalis (Vo), the Himalayan Valeriana jatamansi (Vj) and Nardostachys jatamansi (Nj), are traditionally used to treat neurological disorders. Roots/rhizomes micromorphology, DNA barcoding and EOs phytochemical characterization were carried out, while biological effects on the nervous system were assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and microelectrode arrays (MEA). Nj showed the highest inhibitory activity on AChE (IC50 67.15 μg/mL) followed by Vo (IC50 127.30 μg/mL) and Vj (IC50 246.84 μg/mL). MEA analyses on rat cortical neurons, carried out by recording mean firing rate (MFR) and mean bursting rate (MBR), revealed stronger inhibition by Nj (IC50 18.8 and 11.1 μg/mL) and Vo (16.5 and 22.5 μg/mL), compared with Vj (68.5 and 89.3 μg/mL). These results could be related to different EO compositions, since sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes significantly contribute to the observed ...
Neuroprotective properties of Valeriana officinalis extracts
Neurotoxicity Research, 2004
Valeriana officinalis have been used in traditional medicine for its sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects. There are several eports in the literature supporting a GABAergic mechanism of action for valerian. The rationale of the present work is based on the concept that by decreasing neuronal network excitability valerian consumption may contribute to neuroprotection. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects ofV. officinalis against the toxicity induced by amyloid beta peptide 25–35 [Aβ(25–35)]. Cultured rat hip-pocampal neurons were exposed to Aβ(25–35)(25 μM) for 24–48 h,after which morphological and biochemical properties were evaluated. The neuronal injury evoked by Aβ, which includes a decrease in cell educing capacity and associated neuronal degeneration, was prevented by valerian extract. Analysis of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i)indicated that the neuroprotective mechanisms may involve the inhibition of excess influx of Ca2+ following neuronal injury. Moreover, membrane peroxidation in rat hippocampal synaptosomes was evaluated, and our data indicate that valerian extract partially inhibited ascorbate/iron-induced peroxidation. In conclusion we show evidence that the signalling pathways involving [Ca2+]i and the redox state of the cells may play a central ole in the neuroprotective properties ofV. officinalis extract against Aβ toxicity. The novelty of the findings of the present work, indicating neuroprotective properties of valerian against Aβ toxicity may, at the long-term, contribute to introduction of a new elevant use of valerian alcoholic extract to prevent neuronal degeneration in aging or neurodegenerative disorders.