Metamaterial antenna integrated to LiNbO3 optical modulator for millimeter-wave-photonic links (original) (raw)
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A 10-GHz Resonant-Type LiNbO $_{3}$ Optical Modulator Array
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007
A resonant-type optical modulator array connected with antennas can effectively convert a micro/millimeter-wave to a light wave for the uplink of a radio-on-fiber system. We demonstrated the operation of an array that contained four modulators using power simultaneously received by microstrip antennas connected to each modulator. We confirmed that the optical phase change induced by the received power was proportional to the number of connected antennas.
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2009
In this article, a transition of coplanar line to substrateintegrated waveguide onto electro-optical LiNbO 3 substrate for the design of traveling-wave optical phase modulator at 60 GHz were proposed, designed, and fabricated for the first time. Micromachining of the LiNbO 3 substrate, which is transparent to a wide range of laser wavelengths, was done by using Excimer laser. Metallized via holes around the coplanar line are considered for the purpose of mode suppression. Also, a cavity resonator was designed to increase the circuit bandwidth. Measurement results show about 5 GHz bandwidth for the demonstrated substrate-integrated electro-optical waveguide.
We propose an electrical-optical converter using electric-field-coupled metamaterial antennas on an electro-optic (EO) modulator for wireless millimeter-wave/terra-hertz applications. By wireless signal irradiation to the proposed device, strong millimeter-wave/terra-hertz electric field can be induced on the electric-field-coupled metamaterial antennas. The induced electric field can be used for optical modulation through EO effects when a lightwave propagates into an optical waveguide located under regions of the induced millimeter-wave/terra-hertz electric field. Analysis in millimeter-wave and optical modulation of the proposed device are discussed in detail for operational frequency of 100 GHz. Device experiment in fabrication and preliminary measurement are also reported.
Full Spectrum Millimeter-Wave Modulation in Thin-Film LiNbO3
2018 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics In Defense Conference (RAPID), 2018
We present a crystal ion sliced (CIS) LiNbO3 phase modulator that demonstrates functionality across the entire millimeter wave spectrum. A shallow rib waveguide supports a single transverse electric (TE) optical mode, and a Au coplanar waveguide (CPW) supports the modulating radio frequency (RF) mode.
10 Ghz Optical Modulator using CPS structure for communication and Sensing
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
The combination of of wireless millimeter-wave (MMW) bands and fiber optic cables is able to compensate the propagation loss of millimeter waves in broadband communications and high-resolution imaging. This paper discusses the design and the realization of optical modulator using coplanar stripline (CPS) structure completed with the u-slot antenna patch for RF signal input. The substrate used for CPS structure is Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) due to its large electro optical coefficient. A 10 Ghz radio wave frequency is inputted via microstrip u-slot antenna patch array 2 x 1 with input impedance 50 Ω, and acceptable return loss -10 dB. The light waves for the carrier are generated from the laser diode. Several measurements have been completely done and reported. The design is carried out by means of varying physical variable value which results in specification of the operating frequency 10 GHz. This is a pure research since the obtained results are not directly applied to the radio-over...
Optically driven and optically-controlled integrated millimeter-wave receiving phase arrays
Colorado Univ Boulder Technical Report, 1991
The principal objective of this project is to determine the most efficient means of encoding a microwave/millimeter wave signal from a patch antenna onto an optical carrier in an electro-optical substrate for subsequent optical processing of the microwave/millimeter wave signal. Our approach was to develop design models that would relate the performance of integrated electro-optic devices to the fabrication parameters used in making them and then experimentally verify their performance. From our theoretical and experimental work, it has been shown that it is feasible to build a single side band modulator for millimeter/microwave signals. Currently, our efforts are in improving the design of single side band modulators, investigating alternative substrates and fabrication techniques for electro-optic devices, and designing active elements to be used in conjunction with the antenna elements.
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2000
Integration of an optical waveguide array using four waveguides in a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) structure and a two-layer low-loss substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is presented to propose a new class of electrooptical phase modulators. In the proposed SIW modulator, synthesized rectangular waveguide in planar form is used as "electrodes" to guide millimeter-wave signals instead of conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) for an electrooptical modulator, thus providing low-loss non-TEM mode propagation. In this study, two layers of a lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) substrate for creating a high field interaction between the millimeter-wave and optical signals are considered and studied. Fabrication of the proposed structure by titanium diffusion in an LiNbO 3 substrate as the optical waveguides and laser micromachining of the SIW via-holes has been done. The validation of our simulated results is also performed by the measurement of CPW-to-SIW transitions in the LiNbO 3 substrate. Optical loss of 0.8 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1550 nm is obtained for an MZ structure using an optical waveguide array consisting of four waveguiding channels. In addition, it is shown that 5-GHz bandwidth over a 60-GHz operating frequency range can easily be obtained for the proposed modulator.
Microwave Photonic Integrated Circuits for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014
This paper describes the advantages that the introduction of photonic integration technologies can bring to the development of photonic-enabled wireless communications systems operating in the millimeter wave frequency range. We present two approaches for the development of dual wavelength sources for heterodyne-based millimeter wave generation realized using active/passive photonic integration technology. One approach integrates monolithically two distributed feedback semiconductor lasers along with semiconductor optical amplifiers, wavelength combiners, electro-optic modulators and broad bandwidth photodiodes. The other uses a generic photonic integration platform, developing narrow linewidth dual wavelength lasers based on arrayed waveguide gratings. Moreover, data transmission over a wireless link at a carrier wave frequency above 100 GHz is presented, in which the two lasers are free-running, and the modulation is directly applied to the single photonic chip without the requirement of any additional component.
Photonic Integrated Circuits for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2000
This paper describes the advantages that the introduction of photonic integration technologies can bring to the development of photonic-enabled wireless communications systems operating in the millimeter wave frequency range. We present two approaches for the development of dual wavelength sources for heterodyne-based millimeter wave generation realized using active/passive photonic integration technology. One approach integrates monolithically two distributed feedback semiconductor lasers along with semiconductor optical amplifiers, wavelength combiners, electro-optic modulators and broad bandwidth photodiodes. The other uses a generic photonic integration platform, developing narrow linewidth dual wavelength lasers based on arrayed waveguide gratings. Moreover, data transmission over a wireless link at a carrier wave frequency above 100 GHz is presented, in which the two lasers are free-running, and the modulation is directly applied to the single photonic chip without the requirement of any additional component.