Construction and Operations of First Salinity Gradient Solar Pond in Malaysia / Nuraida ‘Aadilia Baharin ...[et al.] (original) (raw)
Related papers
Construction and operations of first salinity gradient solar pond in Malaysia
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
Solar pond is an integrated solar collector and storage. An experimental salinity gradient solar pond was constructed to analyse the thermal storage capability. The solar pond consist of 2.4 m², 1.4 m deep with sodium chloride (NaCl) as the salt solution. For the development of salinity gradient, a diffuser was used to develop the salinity gradient. The salinity gradient solar pond consists lower convective zone (LCZ) with a height of 0.5 m with 1200 kg/m 3 density, non-convective zone (NCZ) with a height 0.8 m and upper convective zone (UCZ) with a height 10 cm. The temperature of (LCZ) as heat storage was recorded and analysed weekly. Maximum temperature of (LCZ) storage zone was recorded to be at 36.5 °C after four weeks and it showed and upward trend. The heat energy stored in (LCZ) can be used for power generation.
Solar energy storage by salinity gradient solar pond: Pilot plant construction and gradient control
Desalination, 2011
An experimental solar pond pilot plant was constructed in Solvay-Martorell, facilities, Catalonia (NE part of the Iberian Peninsula) to capture and store solar energy. The body of the pond is a cylindrical reinforced concrete tank, 3 m height, 8 m diameter and total area of 50 m 2 . Salinity and thermal gradient were properly established by using the salinity distribution methodology. The gradient in the pond was maintained by feeding salt (NaCl) through a cylindrical salt charger to the bottom at a height of 80 cm from the pond floor. Continuous surface washing using tap water supply maintained the salinity of the top convective layer at a low level and compensate loses by evaporation. An acidification method by addition of HCl at different heights was used to control the clarity of the pond. The salinity gradient was fully established on 30 September 2009 and has been maintained until the date. After winter time (February 2010), the pond warms up and the temperature increased continuously until it reached its maximum (55°C) in August 2010. The salinity gradient observed great stability after one year of continuous control and maintenance and under different weather conditions.
Salinity gradient solar pond construction and maintenance
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY (ISGST2019)
Renewable energy has become popular alternative to fossil fuels as it can avoid environmental pollution such as air pollution. With the increase of human population and the demand of the power, power generation from renewable energy are greatly welcomed to be used for the future generation. One of the renewable energies that can be harnessed to meet our energy needs is solar energy. Salinity gradient solar pond is a low-cost solar collector and it can be used for a long term of heat storage. The storage of heat is useful for the generation of power during cloudy day and at night, in addition being very useful compared to other solar system. In this research, the solar pond was filled with saline water with increasing of density from top to the bottom as solar radiation was being absorb at the bottom of the pond. This project mainly focused on the construction of the salinity gradient solar pond and the methods to maintain the condition of solar pond. The parameters, such as temperature, density and pH value of water in solar pond was obtained as part of the maintenance and stability of the pond.
PLOS ONE
A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) is capable of storing a significant quantity of heat for an extended period of time. It is a great option for providing hot water at a reduced energy cost. Additionally, SGSP is used in low-temperature industrial applications such as saltwater desalination, space heating, and power generation. Solar pond thermal performance is dependent on a variety of operational variables, including the soil conditions, the climate of the particular site, the thickness of the solar pond layers, the depth of the water table, and the salt content of the pond. As such, this study examines the thermal performance of a solar pond under a variety of operational conditions. The solar pond model is used to test the thermal performance by simulating two-dimensional heat and mass transport equations. The equations are solved using the finite difference technique utilizing MATLAB® scripts. Salt distributions and temperature profiles are computed for a variety of factors ...
Construction and Analysis of a Salt Gradient Solar Pond for Hot Water Supply
European Scientific Journal, 2013
Solar pond technology is being used in this world for the past many years, yet this technology has to prove its effectiveness in energy starved country like Pakistan and resolve energy crisis of the country. This research discusses basic principles of solar pond design, construction of a prototype solar pond, thermal energy extraction from the solar pond and cost benefit analysis of this technology for industrial sector in Pakistan in the form of a case study.
A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP), termed in this work "solar pond", is a simple and effective way of capturing and storing solar energy. This paper presents the results of temperature developed in the inner zones of a salinity gradient solar pond model (SGSPM) under Egyptian solar radiation climate conditions during 2010. An insulated solar pond model with a surface area of 1.5 m × 1.5 m and a depth of 1.44 m was constructed at Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude 30o 35/N, Longitude 31o 31/E). SGSPM filled with prepared different concentrations of sodium chloride salt in water of densities to form salty water zones (upper convective zone, UCZ, the non-convective zone, NCZ, and the lower convective zone, LCZ, with thickness of 0.1, 0.6 and 0.74 m, respectively). The salinity difference between UCZ and LCZ was 6% for 1st experiment, 10% for 2nd experiment and 15 % for 3rd experiment. Twelve temperature sensors (thermocouples type "T") were distributed vertically at different locations along the centered inner zones of the pond to measure temperature variations during day times. Temperature difference was an important indicator for forced heat transfer. The highest stored temperature was obtained from 3rd experiment as follow: 38.3, 49.9 and 53.5oC for UCZ, NCZ and LCZ, respectively in April; 39.1, 52.6 and 58.8oC in June; 24.7, 31.8 and 37.9oC in December. A mathematical analysis was conducted to calculate the efficiency of the solar pond in collecting solar energy. It is noticed that, the collection efficiency of the solar pond was about 29.2 % by SGSPM with a depth of 1.44 m under Egyptian climate conditions.
Temperature and Salinity Gradients Analysis for a Solar Pond Prototype
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In this study, a solar pond prototype is used to analyze the temperature and salinity gradients of alternative energy source processes. The study used two types of solar pond to investigate the temperature and salinity of gradients from each solar pond. The first solar pond utilizes sunlight as a heat source that emitted directly on the solar pond and the second solar pond utilizes the spotlights as a direct heat source emitted on the solar pond. The first solar pond is made of a cylindrical plastic tank of 1.05 m tall, 0.8 m in diameter placed outdoors in direct sunlight and the second solar pond model is made of a trapezium plastic tank with a height of 0.9m, the upper diameter 0.54m and a bottom diameter of 0.49m placed indoors with floodlights. The gradient temperature salinity and temperature measurement in the fest solar pond are smaller than temperature in the second solar pond however, the T3 temperature in the outdoor solar pond is larger than the indoor solar pond. The obs...
2022
Numerical investigation of solar energy storage by a Salt Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP) in several Moroccan cities (Marrakesh, Ouarzazate, Tangier and Ifrane) is presented in this paper. For this purpose, the SGSP considered is assimilated to an open parallelipedic cavity in which the vertical and bottom walls are thermally insulated. The one-dimensional numerical model developed in Python programming language is based on the energy balance of each SGSP zone in which the heat losses via the SGSP free surface are retained. The numerical results obtained from the model developed are satisfactorily compared and validated against those obtained experimentally and numerically from a literature study. According to the results of one year of the SGSP operation, the storage zone temperature and the energy stored in the SGSP located in Ouarzazate city are the highest and reach maximum values in July (about 128 °C and 146 MJ respectively). Moreover, comparisons between different mass flow rates (0.01 Kg/s, 0.05 Kg/s and 0.09 Kg/s) of heat exchanger placed in the storage zone show that the optimal one is 0.09 Kg/s as it ensures the maximum energy extraction.
Thermal Behavior of a Large Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond in the City of Mashhad
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transaction B-engineering, 2005
By applying a model of finite differences, the thermal behavior of a large solar pond in the city of Mashhad in the north east of Iran, is studied in this paper. The 32-year data of sunny hours to day-length ratio are used for the estimation of global radiation. The temperature data of a similar duration are used for evaluating the ambient temperature. The effects of the variation of different zone thicknesses on pond performance are studied. It is observed that the upper convective zone thickness should be as thin as possible, the non-convective zone might be from 1 to 2 m and the lower convective zone thickness may be designed based on the application needs. A thicker non convective zone provides more insulation against heat losses, and a thicker lower convective zone supplies a higher storage capacity, though with a lower operating temperature. The heat may be extracted from the pond by either a constant or a variable loading pattern. The appropriate loading pattern can be select...
collecting and storing solar energy: solar pond technology
A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP), termed in this study "solar pond", is a simple and effective way of capturing and storing solar energy. This study presents the results of temperature developed in the inner zones of a salinity gradient solar pond model (SGSPM) under Egyptian solar radiation climate conditions during 2010. An insulated SGSPM with a surface area of 1.5 m × 1.5 m and a depth of 1.44 m was constructed in Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude 30o 35/ N, Longitude 31o 31/ E). The objectives of this study are to: 1. Study the density and temperature profiles for the solar pond. 2. Study the temperature variations of the solar pond zones under Egyptian climate conditions. 3. Evaluate the thermal pond performance. 4. Study the effect of both upper and lower convective zones thickness on the thermal pond performance. SGSPM filled with prepared different concentrations of sodium chloride salt in water of densities to form salty water zones (upper convective zone, UCZ, the non-convective zone, NCZ, and the lower convective zone, LCZ, with thickness of 0.1, 0.6 and 0.74 m, respectively). The salinity difference between UCZ and LCZ was 6 % for 1st experiment, 10 % for 2nd experiment and 15 % for 3rd experiment. Twelve temperature sensors (thermocouples type "T") distributed vertically at different locations along the centered inner zones of the pond to measure temperature variations during day times. Temperature difference was an important indicator for forced heat transfer. The highest stored temperature was obtained from 3rd experiment as follow: 38.3, 49.9 and 53.5 oC for UCZ, NCZ and LCZ, respectively during April; 39.1, 52.6 and 58.8 oC in June; 24.7, 31.8 and 37.9 oC in December. The highest thermal efficiency was obtained in December as 43.7, 48.5 and 55.5 % for 1st, 2nd and 3rd experiments, respectively.