Microstructural Study and Evaluation of Few Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composites (original) (raw)
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Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2020
Flexural, tensile, and impact strength of hybrid Kevlar/glass reinforced epoxy composite is studied. Six different types of hybrid composite material were manufactured by hand layup process using different compositions of Kevlar and glass fiber. Tensile, flexural and impact strengths of manufactured samples were investigated using standard tests and compared. It is observed that tensile strength is greater for combinations with higher percentage (%) of Kevlar fabric and decreases with an increase in the glass fabric %age. Flexural strength is higher for combinations with greater %age of glass fabric and decreases with an increase in the Kevlar fabric %age. From drop weight test, it is found from visual inspection that damaged area is increased with an increase in the glass fabric percentage. Numerical simulation model incorporated with elastoplastic material data successfully predicts tensile and flexural experimental results.
Evaluation of tensile properties on Glass/Carbon/Kevlar fiber reinforced hybrid composites
Composites made of synthetic fiber combined hybrid composites are find many industrial applications. Due to high strength to light weight ratio, higher modulus significantly reduced cost. In this research, composite fiber in woven mat form is added to matrix element with varying stacking sequences of symmetrical laminates. Four various hybrid laminate composites having glass, kevlar and carbon fibers are the reinforcements in varying stacking sequences are produced using hand lay-up technique followed by compression molding. The mechanical strength of the produced composite is evaluated. Experimental results found that composite having stacking sequences of Carbon-Kevlar-Carbon-Kevlar-Carbon (C-K-C-K-C) has the highest value of tensile strength 385.09 MPa respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to examine the morphology of fractured surface of hybrid composites during testing. SEM images revealed that hybrid composite with C-K-C-K-C had less defects on its fractured surface compared to other counter parts of the hybrid composites.
Investigation of Flexural Properties of Glass-Kevlar Hybrid Composite
2016
Composite materials are attracting huge attention due to their superior properties and being inert to most atmospheric effects. They have high strength to weight ratio and can be moulded into the required shape that can be used for various applications as replacement for metals. This paper consists of study of flexural behaviour of hybrid composite reinforced with woven glass fiber and Kevlar fiber in ply configuration. The three point bending test according to ASTM 790 was performed experimentally on this composite laminate. The fiber volume fraction to matrix volume fraction was taken 40%-60%. The volume fraction of the individual fibers in the composite was varied to determine the effects on the flexural strength of the composite laminate. The laminates prepared were having dimension 80mm X 13mm X 3mm. After testing the H4 configuration had the highest flexural strength of 217.91 MPa also the H2 configuration had maximum flexural modulus. The result of the study can be used for t...
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015
In this study, composite plates were manufactured by hand lay-up process with epoxy matrix (DGEBA) reinforced with Kevlar fiber plain fabric and Kevlar/glass hybrid fabric, using to an innovative architecture. Results of the mechanical properties of composites were obtained by tensile, bending and impact tests. These tests were performed in the parallel direction or fill directions of the warp and in a 90º direction. FTIR was used in order to verify the minimum curing time of the resin to perform the mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe reinforcement and matrix fractures. Composites with Kevlar/glass hybrid structure in the reinforcing fabric showed the better results with respect to specific mechanical strength, as well as bending and impact energy.
Evaluation of Impact Strength of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with E-Glass/Kevlar 49
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
In hybridization different fibers are stacked layer by layer to produce laminates have specific strength and stiffness and employed in light weight high strength applications. Physically mean fabricated hybrid composites used in aerospace, under water, body armors and armed forces establishment. In present work drop-weight impact response of hybrid composites were investigated by making laminates of hybrid composites. In Hybridization layers of E-glass (roving) and Kevlar 49 fabrics stacked with epoxy resin. The layers formulation was set up by hand layup method. Impregnationsof epoxy resin of commercial grade (601A) in fabrics were accomplished by VRTM (Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding) technique. Layup placementof Glass fibers/ Kevlar at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° were set for this work. Mechanical properties such as impact strength, bear resistance and break resistance were analyzed by usingASTM D-256 and D-3763 standard.Experimental investigation was conducted using instrumented Dart impact and Izod Impact test. E-glass/Kevlar 49 at layup 0°/90°and 30°/60°exhibited improvedimpact strength than 45°/45°. The surface morphology and fractography were also investigated by capturing different images of Specimens by using the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The fiberreinforcement and matrix fracture were also observed by using SEM.The SEM images suggest that epoxy resin tightly bonded with Kevlar fibers whereas Glass fibers were pulled out from laminations.
Journal of Composites Science
The present investigation focuses on developing cost-effective Carbon/Glass/Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composite laminates for achieving its synergistic effect on flexural and impact performance. It investigates the effect of stacking sequence induced by the use of different fiber types (Kevlar = K, glass = G, and carbon = C) on the flexural and impact performance of the composites. Five hybrid composites (labelled as A = [G2K3G2], B = [KG2CG2K], C = [CKGCGKC], D = [CGKCKGC], E = [CK2CK2C]) and three plain (i.e., non-hybrid) composites (F = [K]7, G = [G]7, H = [C]7) have been fabricated through manual pre-preg lay-up manufacturing techniques. The flexural strength and modulus, hardness, and Izod impact strength have been evaluated for the fabricated composites and compared. The results showed that the D-type hybrid composite achieves the maximum positive hybrid effect as compared to other hybrid composites, possesses a hardness of 59 BHN, a flexural strength of 380 MPa, ...
COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR CARBON, E-GLASS AND HYBRID (CARBON & E-GLASS) COMPOSITES
IAEME, 2019
Hybrid polymer composites are the materials made by combining two or more different type of fibers in a matrix. Hybrid polymer composite material offers the designer to obtain the required properties in a controlled considerable extent by the choice of fibers and matrix. The properties are tailored in the material by selecting different kinds of fiber incorporated in the same resin matrix. They offer wide range of properties that cannot be obtained with a single type of reinforcement. Due to its high specific strengths, high specific modulus, low densities, light weight etc. based on its applications. Presently they are playing a vital role in aerospace, defence, transport, sport applications. Worldwide researches are keenly interested in finding out their behavior in real life exposed to various environmental conditions, variety of loads etc. In this paper, We fabricated carbon, e-glass and hybrid composites by using hand layup technique in uni-directional orientation with epoxy as a matrix material and conducted various tests such as tensile, compression on Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and hardness. The results are validated with FEA and observed that Al-6061-T6 which is used in manufacturing of military aircraft landing mats, truck bodies and frames etc. has a tensile strength of about 310.25Mpa.The tensile strength of hybrid fiber is 341Mpa which is higher than Al 6061-T6. We have compared the experimental results with ansys results and found that the experimental values are very close to the ansys results. But when compared within the fibers carbon fiber exhibited more strength when compared to other fibers
Fabrication And Evaluation Of Mechanical Behaviour In Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites
In this paper, the composite laminates were fabricated to different weight percentage of uni-directional and stitched cross mat E-glass fibers, glass and Kevlar fiber reinforced with epoxy resins and hardener. For laminates fabrication epoxy matrix is maintained is constant weight percentage (60%) and glass fibers with different stacking sequences is added with various weight percentage. Mechanical behaviour of composites such as tensile property, flexural property & impact resistance are study in this investigation. The various geometry of E-Glass/Kevlar fiber reinforced laminates manufactured by hand lay-up method and followed by compression moulding technique. Where epoxy is constant (60%) and change the fiber percentage, specimens prepared with difference stacking sequences material are tested. The results show tensile strength and impact resistance are high to the stitched cross glass(SCM) fiber mat(40% ) .The flexural strength and natural frequency is high in order to Chopped strand (CSM) mat(10%)/Kevlar(K) fiber(30%), CSM(30%)/K(10%). (Impact Factor: 0.997) 37 addition of 10 wt% short Kevlar fibers into glass fiber composite was shown to be the advisable reinforcement content to achieve better impact strengths. [22] M.T.Isa et al (2013) Effect of fiber type and combinations on the mechanical, physical and thermal stability of polyester hybrid composites. Composites: Part B 52 (2013) 217-223 [23] A.
Impact Response and Damage Tolerance of Hybrid Glass/Kevlar-Fibre Epoxy Structural Composites
Polymers, 2021
first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Impact Response and Damage Tolerance of Hybrid Glass/Kevlar-Fibre Epoxy Structural Composites by Vasudevan Alagumalai 1,*,Vigneshwaran Shanmugam 1,*ORCID,Navin Kumar Balasubramanian 1,Yoganandam Krishnamoorthy 2,Velmurugan Ganesan 3ORCID,Michael Försth 4ORCID,Gabriel Sas 4ORCID,Filippo Berto 5,*,Avishek Chanda 6 andOisik Das 4,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, ARM College of Engineering and Technology, Kanchipuram 603209, India 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India 4 Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 13 7491 Trondheim, Norway 6 Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Polymers 2021, 13(16), 2591; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162591 Received: 13 July 2021 / Revised: 28 July 2021 / Accepted: 30 July 2021 / Published: 4 August 2021 Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of hybridisation on Kevlar/E-Glass based epoxy composite laminate structures. Composites with 3 mm thickness and 16 layers of fibre (14 layers of E-glass centred and 2 outer layers of Kevlar) were fabricated using compression moulding technique. The fibre orientation of the Kevlar layers had 3 variations (0, 45 and 60°), whereas the E-glass fibre layers were maintained at 0° orientation. Tensile, flexural, impact (Charpy and Izod), interlaminar shear strength and ballistic impact tests were conducted. The ballistic test was performed using a gas gun with spherical hard body projectiles at the projectile velocity of 170 m/s. The pre- and post-impact velocities of the projectiles were measured using a high-speed camera. The energy absorbed by the composite laminates was further reported during the ballistic test, and a computerised tomographic scan was used to analyse the impact damage. The composites with 45° fibre orientation of Kevlar fibres showed better tensile strength, flexural strength, Charpy impact strength, and energy absorption. The energy absorbed by the composites with 45° fibre orientation was 58.68 J, which was 14% and 22% higher than the 0° and 60° oriented composites.
2021
Hybrid composites have great potential for specific strength and specific stiffness, effective in aerospace industries, submarines, and light-weight automotives. The mechanical strength and adhesiveness of hybrid laminates can be enhanced by effective use of matrix materials in different ratios of epoxy resin and epoxy hardener. Gentle use of resin and hardener in the fabrication of hybrid composites can alter tensile modulus, the bonding strength between matrix and fabric. Spectacular progress has been achieved by the selection of appropriate amounts of resin and hardener in the hybridization of composite laminate. Hybridization was made by Kevlar inorganic/organic fabrics and glass fabrics stacked with epoxy matrix material. To achieve the combination of mechanical properties and bonding strength, transparent epoxy resin and hardener of commercial grades mixed in various ratios are incorporated as matrix material to fabricate laminate. Three different sheets, named A (3:2), B (4:1...