Study and Evaluation of Antidepressant Like Property of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus in Animal Model of Depression (original) (raw)
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Antidepressant in animal models of depression and study of cognitive property
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Depression characterized by significant depression of mood and impairment of function .In whole study evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn, to assess the pharmacodynamic interaction of drug with standard nootropic antidepressant, determine effect of drug alone and in combination with standard antidepressant in brain on amino acid neurotransmitter and acetylcholine esterase activity. Despair Swim test and tail suspension test study of interaction of ethanolic extract Bacopa monnieri with standard antidepressant drug extract used in FST and TST studied. Final perception was GABAmimetic Bacopa monneri decrease the immobility in forced swim test found that GABAergic activity lower in depressed state than normal brain. The control group in both FST and TST. GABA level found decrease than basal values. From experimental evidence it may conclude that ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn possesses significant antidepressant activity.
Antidepressant Effects of Fruit Extract of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus in Force Swim Test
The fruits of Elaeocarpus ganitrus is covered by arduous endocarp and used as religious jewellery throughout India and Southeast Asia 4. Fruit of Rudraksha contain alkaloids 5, 6 flavonoids, tannins 7 and fatty acids 8. After development of advance techniques like HPTLC new flavanoid Quercetin have been determined 9 Rudraksha fruits are thermogenic, sedative and are useful in anorexia, bronchitis, neuralgia, cephalagia, migraine, manic conditions and other brain disorders 10. The pulp of stony fruit may be useful in epilepsy and other mental disorders 11. Moreover, some other studies reported that it exhibit various pharmacological activities i.e analgesic 12, 13 , antiasthamatic 14 , antiinflammatory 15 , antihypertensive 16 hypoglycemic 17 , smooth muscle relaxant and hydrocholeretic 18 , antiulcerogenic 19 , anticonvulsant 20 , antimicrobial 21. Earlier the fruits of Rudraksha used to be employed as auspicious and for getting rid of bad spirit 22 .
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb is a plant employed in tropical America folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including depressive disorders. Aim of the study: To investigate the ability of Tabebuia avellanedae ethanolic extract (EET) administered chronically to cause an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST), a predictive test of antidepressant activity, and to reverse behavioral (hyperactivity, anhedonic-like behavior and increased immobility time in the TST) and biochemical changes induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a model of depression, in mice. Materials and methods: Mice were submitted to OB to induce depressive-related behaviors, which were evaluated in the open-field test (hyperactivity), splash test (loss of motivational and self-care behavior indicative of an anhedonic-like behavior) and TST (increased immobility time). Phosphorylation levels of Akt, GSK-3b, ERK1/2 and CREB, as well as BDNF immunocontent, were evaluated in the hippocampus of bulbectomized mice or sham-operated mice treated for 14 days by p.o. route with EET or vehicle. Results: EET (10 and 30 mg/kg) given 14 days by p.o route to mice reduced the immobility time in the TST without altering locomotor activity, an indicative of an antidepressant-like effect. EET per se increased both CREB (Ser 133 ) and GSK-3b (Ser 9 ) phosphorylation (at doses of 10-30 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) in sham-operated mice. OB caused hyperactivity, loss of motivational and self-care behavior, increased immobility time in the TST and an increase in CREB and ERK1 phosphorylation, as well as BDNF immunocontent. EET abolished all these OB-induced alterations except the increment of CREB phosphorylation. Akt (Ser 473 ) and ERK2 phosphorylation levels were not altered in any group. Conclusions: EET ability to abolish the behavioral changes induced by OB was accompanied by modulation of ERK1 and BDNF signaling pathways, being a promising target of EET. Results indicate that this plant could constitute an attractive strategy for the management of depressive disorders, once more validating the traditional use of this plant.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2021
Some medicinal plants have shown their effectiveness in the treatment of mental disorders including depression. This study was interested in Macaranga barteri, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat anxiety. The study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of an aqueous extract of M. barteri (AEMb) in rats and also investigate the possible mechanism(s) of the antidepressant action of AEMb. Five groups of rats were orally administered with distilled water, doses of AEMb (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.w.), and clomipramine (30 mg/kg b.w.). Rats were forced to swim in a cylindrical water container and walk in an open field box; their movements were recorded using a digital camera. Metergoline (a serotonin receptor inhibitor), sulpiride (a dopamine receptor inhibitor), yohimbine (a α 2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor), and prazosin (an inhibitor of α 1-adrenergic receptors) were intraperitoneally injected to other four groups of rats prior to 125 mg/kg b.w. of AEMb oral administration in order to assess the mechanism(s) of the action of AEMb. The results showed that AEMb possessed antidepressant-like effects. Its mechanism of action involved serotonergic and α 1-adrenergic receptors but it did not interfere with α 2-adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. The antidepressant-like effect of AEMb could, therefore, justify its use in traditional medicine.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2017
The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of Eriobotrya japonica in Swiss albino mice, and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of action. Mice were immobilized for 2h daily for 7 days for induction of stress. Eriobotrya japonica leaves extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, ip.) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, ip) per se were administered to stressed mice; and immobility periods were recorded using tail suspension test and forced swim test. The brain nitrite levels were also estimated in unstressed and stressed mice. Effects of aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) inhibitor and methylene blue, a neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) inhibitor and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor on the antidepressant-like activity of Eriobotrya japonica were also evaluated. Eriobotrya japonica leaves extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, ip.) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, ip) per se significantly decreased immobility periods of stressed mice compared to their respective stressed control, indicating significant antidepressant-like activity. Out of the three doses of Eriobotrya japonica in use, 200 mg/kg, ip. was found to produce most significant antidepressant-like effect in stressed mice, hence this dose was further used for elucidating the probable mechanisms of antidepressant-like activity. Eriobotrya japonica had no significant effect on the locomotor activity of the mice. Eriobotrya japonica leaves extract significantly decreased the brain nitrite levels in stressed mice only. Aminoguanidine and methylene blue significantly potentiated antidepressant-like activity and brain nitrite decreasing the effect of Eriobotrya japonica leaves extract (200 mg/kg) in stressed mice. Thus, Eriobotrya japonica leaves extract showed antidepressant-like activity in stressed mice probably due to its iNOS, nNOS and sGS inhibitory action
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
The objective of the study was to evaluate the major known active principleembelin of Embeliaribes for possible antidepressant activity..EmbeliaribesBurm (Family: Myrsinaceae) is extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for treating various disease conditions including chronic inflammatory disorders, heart and urinary conditions, snake and insect bites and tumour. Methodology: Fractionation of the methanlic extract of dried powdered fruits using column chromatography over silica gel afforded embelin. Experimental depression was induced by subjecting mice to tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) experimental models. Intraperitonial administration of embelin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) 30 min prior to induction of experimental depression resulted in dosedependent reduction of immobility under both test conditions. Results: The effects of embelin on immobility time of mice in the TST at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, embelin induced antidepressant-like effect with significance level of p < 0.05; p < 0.001 respectively when compared with the control group. The positive control, imipramine, administered at the dose of 15 mg/kg did also show antidepressant-like effect comparable with that of 5 mg/kg embelin (p > 0.001).As with the FST, treatment of mice with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of embelin given by intra peritoneal route significantly decreased immobility in the FST. The data obtained at these two doses were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively). The positive control, imipramine, did also shorten immobility time in the FST (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The result concludes that,the major bioactive constituent of Embeliaribes, embelin, exhibited significant activity in mice TST and FST experimental models. The observed potent activity at doses lower than the standard antidepressant drug, imipramine, suggests the potential of embelin and Embeliaribes for treating mental depression.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, 2022
This study was undertaken to evaluate the curative potential of an aqueous leaf extract of Macaranga barteri (EAMb) on induced chronic depression in rats. Thus, 5 groups of 6 rats each, including 4 stressed rats' groups with seven (7) different "stressors" applied daily in a random fashion for 28 days and a control group (unstressed rats) were used. Thereafter, depressed rats were treated for 28 days with either distilled water, fluoxetine or EAMb (125 and 500 mg/kg bw). The amounts of food and water consumed, the weight of the rats, the antidepressant activity through the forced swimming time, and the locomotor activity of the rats were evaluated every week. Serum parameters such as blood glucose, triglycerides, AST and ALT on days 0, 14 and 28 were assessed. The results showed a decrease in the amounts of food and water consumed by the depressed rats coupled with body weight loss. The treatment with125 and 500 mg/kg bw of EAMb to depressed rats resulted in a revival of their eating behavior as well as their weight. EAMb was equally observed to significantly reduc the immobility time of depressed rats during forced swimming. On locomotor activity in rats, EAMb did not affect impaired movements. Depressed rats exhibited hyperglycemia, elevations in AST and ALT and hypotriglyceridemia which significantly decreased EAMb intervention. EAMb had a curative effect on depressed rats, similar to that of fluoxetine.
The antidepressant-like effects of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) in mice
Phytomedicine, 2008
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the putative antidepressant-like effects of a hydro-ethanolic extract (CEAp) and their fractions from the aerial parts of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) on the performance of male mice in the forced swimming test (FST). A single dose (100.0 mg/kg p.o.) of CEAp, in male mice provoked a significant reduction of the immobility time (po0.01). Such effect was also observed with short-term treatment (7 days) with single doses of 1.0 (po0.01), 10.0 (po0.05) and 100.0 (po0.05) mg/kg/day of CEAp. Additionally, in a different set of experiments, repeated administration in a 24-h period (24, 18 and 1 h before swimming test) with doses of 1.0 (po0.05) and 10.0 (po0.05) mg/kg p.o., of CEAp and 10.0 mg/kg p.o., (po0.05) of ethyl acetate fraction, provoked significant reduction of the immobility time of male mice in the FST. Moreover, it was noted important differences in the onset of the antidepressant-like effect in the FST, depending on the modality of treatment with CEAp (acute, short-term or repeated). Both, efficacy and potency were higher when repeated administration of CEAp was used, and surprisingly the dose of 10 mg/kg (24, 18 and 1 h before swimming test) was more effective than imipramine. In the same way, the short term administration (7 days) improved significantly efficacy and potency of the CEAp in comparison to a single dose treatment. The ethyl acetate fraction submitted to TLC demonstrated that main and minor components are phenolics and terpenes, respectively. In addition, this fraction gives a negative Shinoda's test for flavonoids. These results indicate an antidepressant-like profile of action for the hydro-ethanolic extract and the component(s) of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from A. polystachya, which deserve further investigation.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION Original Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: In the search for new therapeutic products for the treatment of neurological disorders, medicinal plant research, worldwide, has constantly progressed, demonstrating the pharmacological effectiveness of different plant species in a variety of animal models. SOBEREX CAPSULE (SC) is a herbomineral formulation used by ayurvedic practitioners for treatment of depression. The present study was designed to generate scientific evidence for SC in animal models of depression in mice. Methods: The formulation was administered orally to the mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 d, and at the end of treatment animals were subjected to tail suspension test and the forced swimming test in mice. Results: The effect of SC at the dose of 50 mg/kg was comparable to that of reference antidepressant fluoxetine. The formulation and fluoxetine, at the doses tested, produced no significant effects on locomotor activity. These results demonstrated that SC had antidepressant effects without side effect. Conclusion: Thus, SC possesses antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of the formulation against central nervous disorders.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb is a plant employed in tropical America folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including depressive disorders. Aim of the study: To investigate the ability of Tabebuia avellanedae ethanolic extract (EET) administered chronically to cause an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST), a predictive test of antidepressant activity, and to reverse behavioral (hyperactivity, anhedonic-like behavior and increased immobility time in the TST) and biochemical changes induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a model of depression, in mice. Materials and methods: Mice were submitted to OB to induce depressive-related behaviors, which were evaluated in the open-field test (hyperactivity), splash test (loss of motivational and self-care behavior indicative of an anhedonic-like behavior) and TST (increased immobility time). Phosphorylation levels of Akt, GSK-3b, ERK1/2 and CREB, as well as BDNF immunocontent, were evaluated in the hippocampus of bulbectomized mice or sham-operated mice treated for 14 days by p.o. route with EET or vehicle. Results: EET (10 and 30 mg/kg) given 14 days by p.o route to mice reduced the immobility time in the TST without altering locomotor activity, an indicative of an antidepressant-like effect. EET per se increased both CREB (Ser 133 ) and GSK-3b (Ser 9 ) phosphorylation (at doses of 10-30 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) in sham-operated mice. OB caused hyperactivity, loss of motivational and self-care behavior, increased immobility time in the TST and an increase in CREB and ERK1 phosphorylation, as well as BDNF immunocontent. EET abolished all these OB-induced alterations except the increment of CREB phosphorylation. Akt (Ser 473 ) and ERK2 phosphorylation levels were not altered in any group. Conclusions: EET ability to abolish the behavioral changes induced by OB was accompanied by modulation of ERK1 and BDNF signaling pathways, being a promising target of EET. Results indicate that this plant could constitute an attractive strategy for the management of depressive disorders, once more validating the traditional use of this plant.