Toxic potential of Melia azedarach leaves extract against Odontotermes obesus and Microtermes obesi (original) (raw)
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Anti-Termite Activity of Melia azedarach Extracts
Jurnal Sylva Lestari
Natural preservatives have been widely considered as non-synthetic materials that can prevent the biodegradation of wood due to subterranean termite attacks, namely Coptotermes curvignathus. Melia azedarach is a fast-growing species that has been widely studied for its antifeedant compounds and shows good potential to be developed as a biopesticide, especially as an anti-termite. This study aimed to identify the termicide and antifeedant properties of the wood, leaves, and bark extracts of Melia azedarach against subterranean termites and identify their bioactive compounds. The acetone extract from the three parts of the tree was fractionated. The most active fractions were selected from each part based on the percentage of termite mortality and antifeedant activity and analyzed for its bioactive compounds by pyrolysis GCMS. The ethyl acetate fraction of Melia azedarach bark exhibited strong toxic properties compared to other fractions. In the leaf section, the diethyl ether fractio...
Toxic potential of Melia azedarach leaves extract against
2015
The termites are small insects (order: Isoptera, class: Insecta), world widely distributed but their infestation cause a loss of billions of dollar each year in a single country. The two termite species Microtermes obesi and Odontotermes obesus are commonly found in Pakistan and for the present study, were collected from the locality of Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad in the month of June 2013. The extracts in water and methanol solvent with varying concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm) of Melia azedarach were tested against both termite species selected. 40 termite workers were placed in each petri dish having filter paper soaked in every concentration of extract taken in each solvent. Mortality of termites and LC50 and LC90 was calculated after each 24, 48 and 72 hrs of the experiment compared with day zero and found to be 0.002 and 0.007 % in water solvent and 0.0003 and 0.0004 % after 72 hrs in methanol solvent against O. obesus respectively. Similarly LC50 and LC90 value ag...
Laboratory investigations of insecticidal activities of Datura stramonium and Thevetia neriifolia against Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera: Termitidae) were conducted in the Food Storage Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure. In the conditions of 28 ± 2 °C ambient temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity, 1–3% concentration chloroform extracts of seeds and leaves of the botanicals were tested for their effect on mortality of M. subhyalinus, and the treatments were replicated four times. The positive control (commercial termiticide; Diazate 60 EC), negative control (untreated control), and solvent control were also set up. The results showed that the extracts were effective in controlling termite infestation. Although most botanicals are not as effective as chemicals, they are nontoxic, eco-friendly, cheap, biodegradable, and renewable sources. After 8 h of exposure, the seed extract of D. stramonium showed higher bioactivity on termites than the seed extract of T. neriifolia did. The results also showed a lower mortality rate in the solvent and ordinary controls. The results of this study reveal that D. stramonium and T. neriifolia extracts are potential candidates as bioinsecticides and are suggested for incorporation into the pest control program.
Nusantara bioscience, 2016
Indrayani Y, Muin M, Yoshimura T. 2016. Crude extracts of two different leaf plant species and their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 226-231. Crude extracts of plants consist of various chemical compounds useful for many purposes and their effectiveness depend on the comprising active ingredients and applied concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the chemical compounds of plant leaf extracts and examine their responses against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Two tropical plant species [clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendra)] were extracted with 70% ethanol solvent. As the two different plant crude extracts contain eugenol, though to have termiticidal performance, various concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.01%) based on their eugenol contents were prepared with filter paper samples for the test. The termite mortality and mass loss of extract-treated and untreated control filter paper samples were determined after four weeks exposure. Results showed that crude extracts of different plant species showed different responses against the subterranean termites although they were applied at the same eugenol-based concentration. At the concentration of 0.1%, the crude extract of S. aromaticum caused termite mortality and consumption rates of 100% and 0.3%, respectively. Whilst, the crude extract of M. leucadendra caused significantly lower termite mortality (36.8%) and higher consumption (9.1%). Samples with lower eugenolbased concentration showed lower termite mortality and may have attractive effects on termites as indicated by higher consumption at the concentration of 0.01% compared to untreated controls. These results suggested that crude extracts of different two leaf species had different effects on subterranean termite C. formosanus eventhough they were applied at the same eugenol-based concentrations.
Effect of Different Plants Extracts on Termite Specie (Heterotermis Indicola)
2016
This study was carried out to find the effect of some commonly present plant products on termite species (Heterotermis indicola) which are a major threat worldwide. Three different concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%) of various solutions consisting of garlic, Neem and tobacco was used in hot and cold water. Hot and cold water results showed that a high concentration treatment of the garlic (20%) solution caused 100% mortality after 48 hours, but in the case of the tobacco concentration (20%) of the solution in only cold water resulted in 100% mortality. As the concentration become lower, the efficiency becomes slower. 100% mortality in the 10% & 5% solutions of garlic and tobacco occurred in different days. In case of Neem, both hot and cold water was found less effective as compared to garlic and tobacco. The mortality occurred using Neem was significantly less than garlic and tobacco.
The repellency and toxicity activities of neem (Azardiracta indica) leaf extracts, municipal waste extracts and termidust (carbofuran) on termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) was investigated in 2015 at the teaching and research. The filter paper impregnation method was used and the treatments consisted six different concentrations (%w/v) of each of the three materials including Control (0, 5, 10, 15,20, and 25%). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that A. indica leaf extract significantly (P< 0.05) recorded the highest termite repellency (58.8%) than municipal waste (46.9%) and carbofuran (36.7%), while no repellency was noticed in control. On the other hand highest termite mortality was produced with carbofuran solution (82.2%) especially at 20% concentration, followed by A. indica leaf (51.8%) and municipal waste (47.5%), however no termite mortality was observed in control experiment. Generally, the laboratory bioassay carried out revealed that A. indica leaf extracts exhibited highest level of repellency, while carbofuran achieved highest level of toxicity (mortality) on termites (M. bellicosus).
Toxic effects of three selected malaysian timbers plant extracts against subterranean termites
The toxic effects of selected Malaysian timbers (Madhuca utilis, Anisoptera laevis and Endospermum malaccense) heartwood extracts were studied with the aim to determine and understanding the function of wood extracts as a natural protection against termite. The results show that no-choice experiments revealed toxic properties of all investigated extracts by the contact against Coptotermes gestroi and Coptotermes curvignathus. However, high termite mortality was only achieved with Madhuca utilis extracts and methanol solvents.