Integrated Management of Rice Fungal Diseases by the application of newer Fungicides on Farmers Field (original) (raw)
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Efficacy of Various Fungicides in Controlling Brown Leaf Spot and Enhancing Rice Yield
Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences ), 2016
Rice is very important crop in Pakistan. It is largely affected by brown leaf spot of rice in all localities. Its major impact is on grain yield. In order to assess its impact on yield and evaluate various fungicides on number of grains, 1000 grain weight, grain yield (t/h) and cost benefit ratio and their percent increase/decrease over control were recorded. A farmer field with natural disease occurrence was selected at Garhi Awan district Hafizabad, Punjab. The design applied was RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design). There were 6 treatments (Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 308ml/h, Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole 325 SC @ 500ml/h, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole 75WG @ 160gm/h, Thiophanate Methyl 70WP @ 750gm/h, Bismerthiazol 20WP @ 300gm/h and control) and each treatment was replicated 3 times. The fungicide combination of Azoxystrobin and Difenoconazole was found to be the most effective in yield parameters while in terms of cost benefit ratio. Thiophanate Methyl was found to be the most effective followed by the combination of Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole.
Evaluation of some new fungicide formulations to control sheath blight and brown spot in rice
Indian phytopathology, 2012
Efficacy of some new fungicide formulations namely kresoxim methyl 40% + hexaconazole 8% (RIL-068/F1 48 WG), hexaconazole (RIL-01/F1 75 WG), propiconazole (Tilt 25 EC), hexaconazole (Contaf 5 EC), tricyclazole (Beam 75WP), and carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% (Saaf 75WP) was compared against economically important rice diseases namely sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and brown spot (Drechslera oryzae), under laboratory and field conditions by artificial inoculation during kharif seasons 2009 and 2010. In addition, effects of the formulations on glume discoloration and grain quality parameters were evaluated. Kresoxim methyl 40% + hexaconazole 8% and hexaconazole (RIL-01/F1 75 WG) demonstrated highest efficacy followed by propiconazole against R. solani and D. oryzae pathogens under laboratory conditions. Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% were also effective against R. solani, but comparatively less effective against D. oryzae. Tricyclazole showed moderate effectivity against the test pathogens under laboratory. Kresoxim methyl 40% + hexaconazole 8% @ 0.1% was found to be the most effective fungicide against these diseases with lowest mean disease severity of 3.7%, 3.5% and 4.0%, respectively for sheath blight, brown and glume discoloration as compared to 44.9%, 31.1% and 12.6% in untreated checks of respective diseases. Spikelet sterility also was lower (5.6%) in kresoxim methyl 40% + hexaconazole 8% as compared to untreated check (19.8%). All the fungicide treatments gave significantly higher head rice recovery except carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% than the inoculated check. The total milling yield was not affected by the fungicides used in this study.
Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology
Blights, blasts and leaf spot diseases of rice limit the grain yield and deteriorate the produce quality. A field study was carried out for evaluating various fungicides to manage paddy diseases; brown leaf spot, blast & sheath blight under field conditions at research area of Adaptive Research Farm Sheikhupura, Punjab Pakistan during crop season kharif 2018 & 2019. An experiment was conducted in RCB design with three repeats and five treatments including control. Treatments comprised of four different fungicides viz: Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazol, Kasugamysin + Copperoxychloride, Copper Hydroxide & Trifloxystrobin + Tubeconazol @ 500 ml, 625 ml, 625 g & 160 g ha-1 respectively and a control (untreated check plot). Among the chemical fungicides Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazol @ 500 ml ha-1 was found effective against brown leaf spot and sheath blight with 84.6 % & 81.7 % decrease over control along with 37.4 & 36.7 percent higher yield than check plot followed by Trifloxystrobin + Tubeconazol with 74.8 & 74.3 percent protection values as compared to control during years 2018 & 2019 respectively. In case of paddy blast the fungicide containing Kasugamycin + Copperoxychloride showed better results with 82.5% & 79.4% decrease over control. Maximum incidence level of Brown leaf spot, paddy blast and sheath blight were found in control (non-treated plot) during both years. So, azoxystrobin+ difenoconazol and kasugamycin containing fungicides could be suggested for management of brown leaf spot, sheath blight and paddy blast.
Efficacy of fungicides for the management of Sheath Blight of rice
Sheath Blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph:Thanatephorus cucumeris), is a notorious pathogen and has a wide host range with worldwide in distribution, a very destructive disease under favorable weather conditions in rice growing areas of the world which ultimately causes substantial yield losses. Field experiment were laid out during the kharif season 2016-2017 at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar (290 N latitude, 79.30 E longitude), Uttarakhand on rice cultivar Pant Dhan- 4 to evaluate the effect of different fungicides in controlling sheath blight of rice. Seven fungicides viz; sheath mark (validamycin 3% L), Tilt (propiconazole 25 % EC), Beam (tricyclazole 75% WP), Folicur (tebuconazole 16%L), Contaf (hexaconazole 5% EC), Bavistin (carbendazim 50% WP) and Amistar (azoxystrobin 23% SC) were evaluated for the control of the pathogen at different stages of the plant growth while the control plots were left un-treated. Among these seven fungicides, azoxystrobin 23 % SC showed minimum disease severity (41.06 %) with 46.03 per cent disease control over check followed by Tilt (propiconazole 25% EC) (45.76 %) with 41.37 per cent disease control over check as compared to control with disease severity (80.97 %) along with maximum yield (69.93q/ha) and (67.72q/ha) respectively. Among fungicides tested. In vitro, Azoxystrobin 23% SC was found most effective and showed 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of R.solani, from 25 ppm. This study showed that, Azoxystrobin 23% SC a new generation fungicide is more effective and increases the yield upto 22.42 percent.
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2018
Rice is a staple food for about 65% of the India's population. India ranks first in area under rice and second in production of rice in the world. In India, it is cultivated over 43.39 m ha with a production and productivity of 104.32 million tons and 2404 kg/ha, respectively. Besides ensuring food security of the nation, it is an export commodity and earns a huge foreign exchange. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of five fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn AG-1 IA, inciting sheath blight of rice in vitro and under field conditions along with post-harvest residue of the fungicides found effective in disease management. In vitro growth inhibition tests revealed that the EC values of azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC, pencycuron 22.9% SC, thifluzamide 23.9% SC, hexaconazole 4% + zineb 68% WP, and validamycin 3% L against Rhizoctonia solani ranged from 0.006 to 354.81 ppm a.i., whereas the corresponding EC values were 0.758 to 1202.26 ppm a.i. Thifluzam...
Brown Leaf Spot of Rice, caused by the Pathogen Bipolaris oryzae, is one of the important rice diseases resulting in high yield reduction and poor grain quality. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of chemical fungicides against brown leaf spot in 'SabhaMansuli' variety of rice in the research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Paklihawa Campus from July 15, 2015 to December 1, 2015. The experimental design was RCBD with three replications and ten treatments. Treatments comprised of three different chemical fungicides; SAAF® (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%), Tilt® (Propiconazole 25 EC) & Bavistin® (Carbendazim 50% W.P.) at three different doses of 1.5, 2 & 2.5 g (or ml) and a control plot. Among the different fungicides, Tilt® at the rate of 2 ml/lit water showed significantly lowest AUDPC value (373.7) followed by SAAF® at 2 gm/lit (374.9) while the highest value was shown by Bavistin® at 2gm/lit (590.1).Similarly, highest economic yield was obtained in SAAF® at 2gm/lit (5.220 t/h) followed by Tilt® at 2ml/lit water (5.210t/ha) and the lowest in Bavistin® at 1.5gm/lit (3.320t/ha). So, among different chemical fungicides, SAAF® at 2gm/lit being efficient, economical and easily accessible, farmers could be suggested for reducing the disease severity and subsequent increase in the yield of rice.
Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 11 foliar fungicides against leaf blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea in susceptible rice variety Basmati in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh in India. All the fungicides show effective management of the disease over untreated check. However, among the treatments tricyclazole @ 0.6 g/l/kg, was found significantly superior in controlling the disease severity, number of tillers/plant, number of spikelet/panicle, panicle length, grain yield and 100 seed weight, whereas the tallest plant of the cultivar was noticed in plot sprayed with Carbendazim 50 WP in the same concentration.
2009
Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the most devastating diseases in West Bengal. Due to widespread cultivation of susceptible variety Swarna (MTU 7029), the disease has spread in large scale and sometimes cause severe damage even 100% crop loss also occur. Cultural practices combine with spraying fungicides is the most common practice to manage the disease. An attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of a new fungicidea combination of two systemic fungicides viz., Trifloxystrobin 25% (Strobilurin compound) and Tebuconazole 50% (Triazole compound) alongwith two other commercially available fungicides Hexaconazole and Validamycin under challenge inoculation condition. The new fungicide was most effective in decreasing disease severity (37.61% lower over control) and increasing grain yield (50% higher over control). The same fungicide was also proved as best or at par with leading triazole compound to manage the sheath blight disease of rice at several centre under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme during the year 2006 and 2007.
Four new fungicidal formulations, viz. tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, difenoconazole 25% SC, propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC and kresoxim methyl 44.3% SC were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in vitro and under field conditions during kharif 2016 and 2017. In vitro growth inhibition tests revealed that the EC 50 values of tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, difenoconazole 25% SC, propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC and kresoxim methyl 44.3% SC against R. solani ranged from 0.398 to 42.35 ppm a.i., whereas the corresponding EC 90 values were 8.92 to more than 2000 ppm a.i. Tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG was most inhibitory to mycelial growth of the fungus with EC 50 and EC 90 values of 0.39 and 8.92 ppm a.i. followed by propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC. Tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG and propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC completely inhibited the sclerotia formation at 2.5 ppm and 25 ppm a.i., respectively. In field trials, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG sprayed at 0.4 and 0.8 g/l proved most effective and suppressed sheath blight severity by 50.98 and 79.12%, respectively along with enhancing grain yield of rice followed by propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC. However, kresoxim methyl 44.3% SC was the least effective fungicide. Based on bioefficacy and benefit-cost ratio, spray application of tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG at 0.4 g/l and propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC at 2 ml/l were found highly economical in managing sheath blight of rice with a benefit-cost of 3.52 and 3.02, respectively. Post harvest residues analysis of tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC and difenoconazole 25% SC were found below limit of quantification, i.e. 0.01 ppm in rice grains, cropped soil, paddy straw and husk at their single/recommended and double of the recommended doses indicating that tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG at 0.4 g/l and propiconazole 13.9% + difenconazole 13.9% EC were safe from the human, animals and environmental point of view.