A Gender Sensitive Approach to Empowering Women for Peaceful Communities (original) (raw)
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MISOGYNY & VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
Monash GPS and UN Women Policy Brief, 2019
Hostile sexist attitudes toward women and support for violence against women are the factors most strongly associated with support for violent extremism based on survey research in four countries in 2018-19. In three countries in Asia (Indonesia, Bangladesh and the Philippines) individuals who support violence against women are three times more likely to support violent extremism. Similar results were found in Libya. More than any other factor, support for violence against women predicted support for violent extremism. 2. There was no correlation at all between common factors thought to affect support for violent extremism – such as the degree of religiosity, age, gender, level of education achieved, employment, and geographic area. 3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals misogyny to be integral to the ideology, political identity, and political economy of current violent extremist groups.1
Preventing Violent Extremism: Gender Perspectives and Women’s Roles
2018
This research report explores the links between women’s roles and perceptions, gender relations, and the spread of fundamentalist ideologies and extremist violence. Based on a pilot project in Indonesia, it synthesises research evidence on the participation and leadership of women and women-led organisations into strategies to prevent violent extremism (PVE). In doing so, it directly addresses the lack of gendered analysis of counter-terrorism (CT), countering violent extremism (CVE), and PVE dynamics and agendas in South-East Asia.
Understanding Violence Against Women in Africa, 2021
• To understand the various theories explaining the origin, formation and survival of extremism and radicalization. • To analyze the context, with regard to which policies determine women's participation in countering violent extremism (CVE). • To examine socio-culture and political factors determining women's participation in CVE. • To discuss the role of CSOs in influencing women's participation in CVE. • To identify and discuss strategies that would effectively address women's participation in CVE.
Extremism and violence against women
This report synthesises a rapid review of the literature on women and violent extremism,1 looking at women’s roles in violent extremist groups and acts over the last 15 years, and at the relationship between violent extremism and violence against women and girls. While gender has tended to be ignored in the literature on terrorism and political violence, a gender perspective of violent extremism has started to receive media and academic attention recently, driven by an increasing awareness of the roles of women in preventing, promoting and participating in violent extremism.
WOMEN IN PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
The training guide was funded by UN Women, with financial contributions from the government of Qatar and the government of United Arab Emirates. ICSVE provided substantial contributions into the content of this guide.
Women and Extremism in Bangladesh: Causes and Possible Responses
Women, Society and Politics: a study of South Asia, 2019
The threat of extremism is multidimensional and ever changing. It is not Newtonian but Darwinian. Hence, it is difficult to develop a flawless counter-terrorism policy to eliminate the threat completely. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country with secularism as one of its founding principles. The penetration of extremist ideas in the country undermined the secularist spirit to a great extent. The rising involvement of women along with men in extremism is an indication of moral rapture in the society. This problem needs to address vigorously and efficiently. The root causes behind the involvement of women in extremism should be unveiled and an unbiased effective policy needs to be formulated to eliminate future and prevailing threats. This paper attempts to unveil those issues and provide necessary guidelines to counter and prevent violent extremism.
BUILDING AN EVIDENCE BASE FOR EMPOWERING WOMEN FOR PEACEFUL COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH AND INDONESIA, 2019
Since 2013 there has been increasing international policy attention on the importance of understanding the gender dynamics of violent extremism. UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security first stressed the critical contributions of women and women’s organisations to conflict prevention, resolution and peace-building. More recently, UNSCR 2122 (2013) introduced terrorism to the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda identifying that women can play important roles in preventing/ countering violent extremism (P/CVE) and delegitimising and reducing support for extremist groups.
The purpose of this report is to address radicalization, including radicalization leading to violent extremism, in the Sandjak region, a predominantly Muslim region in southern Serbia. This report will also explore the roles of women in supporting, joining, intervening in, and preventing violent extremism. It is based on a desk review of research and interviews conducted in Novi Pazar with a range of subjects including representatives of local NGOs, educators, religious leaders, city council representatives, and representatives of national and international organizations between October 27 and October 30, 2016. During two decades of researching hundreds of terrorists, Speckhard found the usual and necessary components to make a terrorist are: a group, its ideology, social support, and individual vulnerabilities and motivations which break out according to whether one lives in a conflict zone our outside of one. In the case of Sandjak region, the primary groups operating and radicalizing citizens into violent extremism are militant jihadi groups operating in Syria. The municipality of Novi Pazar, including the Sandjak region, is also known for the activities of a small group of extremists connected to the Wahhabi/Salafi strand of Islam.
There is a presumption that women do not use violence as a means of exercising their political will, because most traditional notions of femininity emphasize motherhood, peacefulness, and stability. Like the repressive power relations between men and women in Islamic State society, the norms that dominated Western culture throughout the early 20th century mirror those affecting women under the IS regime in many ways. In Northern Ireland, these norms shaped women's identities prior to, during, and after the conflict; analysis of female fighters in Northern Ireland provides a parallel context for understanding women participating in other violent non-state armed groups like IS. This paper seeks to understand which factors make women vulnerable or averse to radicalization, and asks: do these factors differ from those that drive men into violent extremist groups? Understanding similarities and differences between men and women with regard to radicalization will enable policymakers to develop policies that effectively prevent and disrupt violent extremism.
Terrorism and Political Violence Women and Support for Terrorism in Pakistan
While there have been many scholarly inquiries about the sources of support for terrorism among Muslim publics, to date, scholars have generally not asked whether or not gender predicts support for Islamist militancy. Instead, most scholars and officials assume that “men of military age” are the most important segment of interest. Instead, gender is usually treated as a “control variable” rather than a “study variable,” reflecting the paucity of interest in this subject. This is likely an important scholarly and policy-analytic oversight. Many terrorist groups have women’s wings and women-oriented publications and other outreach programs because they understand the important role that mothers, wives, and sisters play in a male family member’s decision to take up arms with a terrorist group. In some conflicts, women also join as combatants. In this paper, we seek to address these scholarly lacunae by examining gender-wise support for two militant groups based in and operating from Pakistan: the Afghan Taliban, which has no female outreach program, and the sectarian Sipha-e-Sahaba-e-Pakistan, which does. We leverage a dataset drawn from a relatively large national survey of Pakistanis collected in 2011 to model support for these groups using gender as an independent variable along with other demographic and control variables. We find that females are significantly more likely to support the sectarian group with a women’s outreach-wing. In contrast, there is no significant gender effect on support for the Afghan Taliban. We argue, from these results, that gender deserves more attention in understanding who supports and participates in Islamist militancy.