Determination of Trace Amounts of Cadmium Ions in Water and Plant Samples Using Ligand-Less Solid Phase Extraction-Based Modified Co3O4 Nanoparticles (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015
A new method has been developed for the separation/preconcentration of trace level cadmium ions using diphenyl carbazone/sodium dodecyl sulfate immobilized on magnetic nanoparticle Fe 3 O 4 as a new sorbent SPE and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Various influencing parameters on the separation and preconcentration of trace level cadmium ions such as, pH value, amount of nanoparticles, amount of diphenyl carbazone, condition of eluting solution, the effects of matrix ions were examined. The cadmium ions can be eluted from the modified magnetic nanoparticle using 1 mol L À 1 HCl as a desorption reagent. The detection limit of this method for cadmium was 3.71 ng ml À 1 and the R.S.D. was 0.503% (n ¼6). The advantages of this new method include rapidity, easy preparation of sorbents and a high concentration factor. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of Cd ions at trace levels in real samples such as, green tea, rice, tobacco, carrot, lettuce, ginseng, spice, tap water, river water, sea water with satisfactory results.
Journal of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, 2018
2-(3indolyl) – 4,5 di phynyl imidazole.(IDPI) was used as a complexing agent in cloud point extraction for the first time and applied for selective pre-concentration of trace amounts of cadmium. The method is based on the extraction of cadmium at pH= 7.0 by using non-ionic surfactant TritonX114 and 2-(3indolyl) – 4,5 di phynyl imidazole. (IDPI) as a chelating agent. The adopted concentrations for IDPI, Triton X-114 and HNO3, bath temperature were optimized, The response are linear over concentration range of 8.0-90 (ng mL -1 ) for Cd 2+ and RSD % (n =5) 1.8 for Cd 2+ , Detection limits (3SDb/m, n =10, m = slope of calibration) of 2.8 (ng.mL -1 ) for Cd 2+ respectively. The enrichment factors was 33 for Cd 2+ . the preconcentration factors was 39 for Cd 2+ respectively. The high efficiency of cloud point extraction to carry out the determination of analytes in complex matrices was demonstrated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the ultra-trace determination of cadmium i...
Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry
The Pre-concentration of Cd(II) in water samples was carried out by using column solid phase extraction DOWEX 50WX2 prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry analyzed. The analytical parameters consist of pH, flow rate, volume of eluent and volume of sample were determined.The optimum conditions were obtained pH was 5, sample flow rate was 1 mL min−1, volume of eluent nitric acid 1N was 10 mL and sample volume was 50 mL. The optimum conditions obtained were used to determine the detection limit and the accuracy of the method using tap water samples. Determination of detection limit used tap water which contain Cd 0.001 mg L-1 and the accuracy (recovery,%R) with concentration of Cd 0.01 mg L-1. The detection limit was found 0.2697±0.0899 µg L− 1 (n=7) and accuracy (n=7) was 93±6%. The result showed the accuracy still meets the acceptance criteria for accuracy (70%-125%) and the RSD 6% is smaller than the Horwitz value of 20.8%. Based on the accuracy (R%) and % RSD values obtained...
2014
A simple, sensitive and inexpensive flow injection solid phase extraction (SPE) system is developed for automatic determination of trace level concentrations of Cd(II). The potentials of this novel scheme, coupled to flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) is demonstrated for trace Cd(II) in natural water samples.The Xylenol Orange immobilized on Amberlite XAD-16 has been synthesized and is used for on-line preconcentration of Cd(II) with a flow injection–flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FI–FAAS). All main chemical and hydrodynamic parameters affecting the complex formation, sorption and elution of the analyte were optimized thoroughly. The results demonstrated that Cd(II)can be determined using sample pH of 4.5 – 5.0, elution with 0.5 mol L −1 nitric acid and a sample flow rate of 5.0 mL min -1 . Moreover, the effect of potential interfering species occurring in natural water samples were also explored. Enrichment factor of 171 was achieved by using the time-based techniqu...
Microchimica Acta, 2011
We have developed a solid phase extraction method for the determination of cadmium ions in aqueous samples. It is based on the adsorption of Cd(II) on alumina nanoparticles coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate and modified with a newly synthesized Schiff base. Analytical parameters such as pH value, amount of adsorbent, type and concentration of eluent, flow rates of the sample and eluent, sample volume and matrix effects were optimized. Desorption is accomplished with 2 mol L −1 nitric acid. Cd(II) was then determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The maximum enrichment factor is 75. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limit is 0.14 μg L −1 in original solution. The adsorption capacity of the modified sorbent is 4.90 mg g −1 for cadmium ions. The method was applied to the determination of trace quantities of Cd(II) in water, wastewater, and biological and food samples with satisfactory results.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2012
Um procedimento simples e rápido de microextração líquido-líquido com líquido iônico e agitação vortex (VALLME) foi usado na determinação de quantidades traço de cádmio por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS). O líquido iônico (IL), hexafluorato de 1-hexil-3-metilimidazólio ([Hmim][PF 6 ]), foi usado como solvente extractor. Os íons Cd 2+ foram complexados com pirrolidina ditiocarbamato de amônia (APDC), e então confinados em pequenas gotas de IL pela intervenção do sistema de agitação vortex. Alguns fatores que influenciam na extração tais como pH, concentração de ligante, quantidade de líquido iônico, tempo de extração e efeito da força iônica foram completamente investigados e otimizados. Sob condições ideais, o limite de detecção foi de 1,1 ng mL -1 . O desvio padrão relativo (RSD) foi 4,3% para 20 ng mL -1 de cádmio (n = 10), e o gráfico de calibração usando o método de preconcentração foi linear de 5 a 150 µg L -1 , com um coeficiente de correlação de 0,998. O método proposto foi aplicado com sucesso na determinação de cádmio em amostras de água e folhas de espinafre.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007
For the analysis of cadmium, the toxicity of spectroscopic methods is increasing because the measurement of the low level for detection of this element is done in various samples. This review studies the methods of separation and pre-concentration and analyzes spectroscopic methods for detecting cadmium in water samples. Considering the amount of trace cadmium ion in the analysis of aqueous samples, a suitable method should be used. From the past, chemists have been trying to find a solid phase to recover analytes from the water matrix. The experimental method of SPE is a standard method for the analysis of heavy metals such as cadmium ion in aqueous samples. Cadmium is known worldwide as a toxic metal. Therefore, it is often necessary to determine this element in environmental, biological, food and agricultural samples. However, analyses are difficult because the quantities of cadmium samples are relatively small, except for trace amounts. Measurements are made by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.For this reason, several preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium ion, including solid phase extraction, coprecipitation and cloud point extraction, has been reviewed.A brief history of using Solid-phase extraction in the analysis of cadmium ion in water samples is presented in this paper.
Determination of cadmium(II) ion by atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction
Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 2012
In this work, cloud point extraction (CPE) technique was developed for the separation and pre-concentration of Cd(II). CPE was used with lipophilic hexadentate (N 4 O 2 ) Schiff base ligand, L 22pysa (1, C 24 H 26 N 4 O 2 ). The methodology is based upon the formation of a Cd(II)/L complex soluble in a micellar phase the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. This complex is then extracted into the surfactant-rich phase above its cloud point temperature. Several important variables that affect the CPE were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range 1-100 ng mL -1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The detection limit obtained under optimum conditions was 0.44 ng mL -l . The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in rice and various water samples.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2016
Cloud point extraction (CPE), which is the most popular coacervate-based extraction method, was utilized for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium, lead, and nickel. Quinalizarin was used as complexing agent and Triton X-114 was used as surfactant. After extraction, analyte ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limits (3 s) of 1.8 µ g L −1 for Cd(II), 3.2 µ g L −1 for Pb(II), and 2.8 µ g L −1 for Ni(II) were obtained using 50 mL of solutions. The relative standard deviation was calculated as 4.3% for 10 µ g L −1 Cd(II), 4.9% for 50 µ g L −1 Pb(II), and 4.6% for 50 µ g L −1 Ni(II). Obtained enrichment factors of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) were 144, 129 and 92, respectively. In addition, the method was successfully implemented for the determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) in water samples and standard reference materials and satisfactory recovery values were obtained.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2014
A separation-preconcentration procedure was developed for the determination of trace amounts of copper, nickel, manganese and cadmium ions in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation by Co(OH) 2 as a carrier without a chelating agent. The influence of the various analytical parameters such as pH, amount of carrier reagent, standing time, centrifugation rate and time, sample volume and matrix effects on the recovery of the analyte ions was studied. Under the specified experimental conditions the calibration curves for Ni(II) and Cu(II) were linear from 0.5 to 200 ng mL À1 and for Mn(II) and Cd(II) from 0.5 to 250 and 0.3 to 80 ng mL À1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations for seven replicate determinations of a mixture of 40.0 ng mL À1 of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and 20 ng mL À1 of Cd(II) in the original solution were 1.9%, 1.7%, 1.8% and 2.1%, respectively. The detection limits based on 3S b /m for Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II) in the original solution were 0.2, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.07 ng mL À1 , respectively. The limits of quantification based on 10S b /m for Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II) in the original solution were 6.7, 6.7, 10.0 and 2.3 ng mL À1 , respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of the analyte ions in two certified reference materials (the National Institute for Environment Studies (NIES) No. 1 Pepperbush and NIES No. 7 Tea Leaves) and water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.