EQUIVALENCE OF n-NORMS ON THE SPACE OF p-SUMMABLE SEQUENCES (original) (raw)
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EQUIVALENCE AMONG THREE 2-NORMS ON THE SPACE OF p-SUMMABLE SEQUENCES
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There are two known 2-norms defined on the space of p-summable sequences of real numbers. The first 2-norm is a special case of Gähler’s formula [Mathematische Nachrichten, 1964], while the second is due to Gunawan [Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, 2001]. The aim of this paper is to define a new 2-norm on `p and prove the equivalence among these three 2-norms.
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In the theory of normed spaces, we have the concept of bounded linear functionals and dual spaces. Now, given an n-normed space, we are interested in bounded multilinear n-functionals and n-dual spaces. The concept of bounded multilinear n-functionals on an n-normed space was initially intoduced by White (1969), and studied further by Batkunde et al., and Gozali et al. (2010). In this paper, we revisit the definition of bounded multilinear n-functionals, introduce the concept of n-dual spaces, and then determine the n-dual spaces of ℓ p spaces, when these spaces are not only equipped with the usual norm but also with some n-norms.
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We study the space l p , 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, and its natural n-norm, which can be viewed as a generalization of its usual norm. Using a derived norm equivalent to its usual norm, we show that l p is complete with respect to its natural n-norm. In addition, we also prove a fixed point theorem for l p as an n-normed space.
Three Equivalent nnn-Norms on the Space of ppp-Summable Sequences
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Given a normed space, one can define a new n-norm using a semi-inner product g on the space, different from the n-norm defined by Gähler. In this paper, we are interested in the new n-norm which is defined using such a functional g on the space p of p-summable sequences, where 1 ≤ p < ∞. We prove particularly that the new n-norm is equivalent with the one defined previously by Gunawan on p. Then, one may check that g satisfies the following properties: (1) g(x, x) = x 2 for every x ∈ X; (2) g(αx, β y) = αβ g(x, y) for every x, y ∈ X and α, β ∈ R; (3) g(x, x + y) = x 2 + g(x, y) for every x, y ∈ X; (4) |g(x, y)| ≤ x y for every x, y ∈ X. Assuming that the g-functional is linear in the second argument then [y, x] = g(x, y) is a semi-inner product on X. Note that all vector spaces in text are assumed to be over R. For example, one may observe that the functional g(x, y) := x 2−p p ∑ k |x k | p−1 sgn (x k) y k , x := (x k) , y := (y k) ∈ p is a semi-inner product on p , 1 ≤ p < ∞ [1]. Remark 1.1. Note that not all vector spaces have the property that the g-functional is linear in the second argument. If the normed space is smooth, then the g-functional is linear in the second argument. A normed spaces with the property that the g-functional is linear in the second argument is referred to as normed spaces of (G)-type [2].
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