Sticky Cotton Sources & Solutions (original) (raw)
Related papers
Comparison of Sticky Cotton Indices and Sugar Composition
2006
Sticky cotton lint contaminates equipment in gins and textile mills, and requires costly stoppages for cleaning and repair. The primary source of stickiness is sugars from insect honeydew. This manuscript assesses relationships among measurements of sugar composition and two methods used to measure stickiness. The hypothesis was that the measures of stickiness and sugar composition will be highly correlated. Variables were compared to look for patterns that could be used to improve our understanding and management of stickiness. Experimental trials were conducted in seven fields over 3 years. A total of 724 samples of cotton lint were tested for stickiness with the Lintronics Fiber Contamination Tester (LFCT) and the High Speed Stickiness Detector (H2SD). Sugar composition testing was also performed on a subset of 325 samples. Coefficients of variation, correlations, and factor analyses were used to identify relationships among the variables reported from each source of test data. The strongest relationships were between large spots on the H2SD and intermediate sized spots on the LFCT (R = 0.46). The LFCT demonstrated greater precision than the H2SD, based on coefficients of variation. Sugar composition was dominated by those found in plants (72%) with 6% from melezitose and 22% from trehalulose. The H2SD was more closely associated with aphid-derived sugars, and the LFCT was more closely associated with whitefly-derived sugars. Relationships between sugar content and stickiness indices indicate complex biochemical interactions that require further study. The factor analysis reduced the stickiness measurements to a single value that is more representative of the stickiness than total number of spots. The use of factor coefficients in linear combination is demonstrated to create enhanced indices of stickiness.
Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020
Fifteen cotton genotypes were exploited to study the impact of insect pests on different fiber quality traits. The ANOVA results depicted considerable variation in almost all traits. Fiber length was greatly influenced by the population of thrips, jassid, whitefly, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug. Fiber fineness was influenced by the population of jassid, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug while fiber strength was slightly affected by the population of thrips. The advance lines of cotton viz. FH-404, FH-490, FH-152, FH-450, FH-457 and FH-313 having tolerance against insect pests, showed good fiber quality traits. To determine effective management approaches, additional work can be performed to recognize the impact of pests species on fiber quality by controlling certain pests.
Indian Bt Cotton Varieties Do Not Affect the Performance of Cotton Aphids
PLOS One, 2009
Cotton varieties expressing Cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are grown worldwide for the management of pest Lepidoptera. To prevent non-target pest outbreaks and to retain the biological control function provided by predators and parasitoids, the potential risk that Bt crops may pose to non-target arthropods is addressed prior to their commercialization. Aphids play an important role in agricultural systems since they serve as prey or host to a number of predators and parasitoids and their honeydew is an important energy source for several arthropods. To explore possible indirect effects of Bt crops we here examined the impact of Bt cotton on aphids and their honeydew.
Impact of Insect Resistant Cotton
Boll guard I & II were introduced in 2002 and 2006 by Mahyco Monsanto with Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee, Govt. of India. Indian cotton farmers adopted Bt hybrid cotton between 2002-2013 reaching 92% of the cotton area and 95% of the production, replacing conventional hybrids/ varieties of all the species in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Bt hybrid cotton was presumed to produce record highest average productivities in India and other major cotton growing countries also in 2007 and 2012 with a decline after 2008 due to excess rains. Farmers invested Rs. 1500-1750/-Acre could prevent 24-28% cotton yield losses by consuming 2.3 times more fertilizers, 35% herbicides and 22% growth regulators. Although it was reported three times returns compared to non Bt cotton due to severe inflation pressure farmers profitability got reduced and went unrest in 2011. Seed producers, marketing companies, input dealers and female labourers were major beneficiaries. Bollworms sprays were reduced to zero but sucking pests sprays were almost doubled with low volume more costly insecticides. The pest management cost remain unchanged in this decade. In conclusion, Bt cotton won the confidence of farmers for its bollworm resistance except refugea regultion. Govt. efforts for price control stabilized margin for farmers but eroded due to escalating weed management and hand picking costs after 2008. Yield gap analysis found N, Zn, Mg and B were limiting optimum yields, besides post emergence herbicides, rain water conservation/ supplemental irrigations can break present productivity levels and reduce cost of production. Public sector research agencies should follow Public private partnership model adopted by Gujarat Agriculture University, Surat for conversion Bt Hybrid-6 and 8. They need to meet farmer's expectations by developing transgenic insect and herbicide resistant cotton varieties and prove in farmers fields. Breeders must meet consumer's expectations inorder to compete with polyester fibre to get sustainable demand. Bt hybrid cotton impact on economy, input output efficiencies, reducing cost of production, policies affecting farmers profits, R&D efforts and BMPs across globe were reviewed.
Response of Cotton Varieties Against Insect Pests and Cotton Leaf Curl Disease
South Asian Journal of Life Sciences, 2020
|The experiment was carried out to determine the use of double strength fumigation with formaldehyde gas on broiler breeder's eggs hatchability, candling, blasting/putrification, dead in shell, quality of chicks and later life mortality. The broiler breeders eggs were divided into two groups each (n=134640 eggs). The fumigation of both groups was performed through automatic fumigation system provided by chick master. The hatchability and candling of flocks SS-R1AIC, SSR2AIB, SSR3AID and SSF5 were significantly (P<0.05) better for double strength fumigation compared to single strength fumigation. The dead in shell were insignificant for the treatment. The putrification/blasting and low quality chicks were significantly (P<0.05) better for double strength fumigation for SSR2AIB, SSR3AID and SSF5, while remaining flocks were insignificant regarding quality of chicks and putrification due to fumigation strength. The chicks each (n=30,000) were shifted to poultry houses from both groups to know the effects of fumigation strength on later life of chicks. The weight gain, feed intake and FCR were insignificant for both groups while mortality was significantly better for double strength fumigation compare to single strength fumigation. In short double strength fumigation is safe can be used to improve the hatchery parameters and later life of chicks,
Evaluation of yellow sticky traps at various heights for monitoring cotton insect pests
Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 2004
Sticky yellow traps 60, 80, 100, and 120 cm above ground level were assessed in various developmental stages of cotton for their relative efficiency in capturing the following pests in the Cukurova region of Turkey in 2001 and 2002: leafhoppers, Asymetresca decedens Paoli and Empoasca decipens Paoli, cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., and western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). The leafhopper catch was significantly higher at 60 cm than 80, 100, and 120 cm when plant heights were less than 80 cm. The number of leafhoppers on traps at 80 cm was similar to 60 and 100 cm but significantly higher than at 120 cm when plant heights were more than 80 cm. The numbers of western flower thrips were similar at 60, 80, and 100 cm but significantly lower at 120 cm when plant heights varied from 100 to 120 cm. Total catches of leafhoppers were similar at 60 and 80 cm but significantly lower at 100 and 120 cm. Numbers of whiteflies were highest at 60 cm and lowest at 120 cm trap heights at all plant heights. Trap height did not influence the total catches of western flower thrips, which were more abundant in late-season cotton. Most flights of thrips occurred within the plant canopy.
2018
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world’s leading fiber crop for textile industry in many countries. Pakistan ranks 4 in cotton production worldwide. Cotton is notorious for being susceptible to many diseases. Bt cotton is mainly affected by sucking pests after a decrease in the intensity of pesticides. The following study has been planned to check the effect of different doses of pesticides. Three neonicotinoid insecticides (nitenpyram, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid) and a same number of conventional insecticides (profenophos, λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin) are used to be checked. Their effect is checked on sucking insect pests in the cotton field. RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) is used to arrange the seven treatments containing six insecticides and one control treatment with three replications each. The data of three sucking insect pests, red cotton bug, thrips, and the dusky cotton bug was recorded after spraying at the interval of 24, 72 hours and 7 days from each pl...
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2012
We describe the vertical and horizontal distribution of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover within a cotton plant in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus) cultivars (BRS Safira and BRS Rubí) with colored fiber over the time. Measurements of aphid population dynamics and distribution in the cotton plants were recorded in intervals of seven days. The number of apterous or alate aphids and their specific locations were recorded, using as a reference point the location of nodes on the mainstem of the plant and also those on the leaves present on branches and fruit structures. The number of apterous aphids found on the cultivar BRS Safira (56,515 aphids) was greater than that found on BRS Rubí (50,537 aphids). There was no significant difference between the number of alate aphids found on the cultivars BRS Safira (365 aphids/plant) and BRS Rubí (477 aphids/plant). There were interactions between cotton cultivar and plant age, between plant region and plant age, and between cultivar...