Heavy Metal Concentrations with Regard to Inter-Species Variation in Cattle and Buffalo Milk Collected from Different Areas of North Gujarat (original) (raw)
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Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Raw Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel Milk
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
Toxic heavy metals and especially lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) can easily transmit to humans through consumption of contaminated milk. The present research was done to study the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in different types of milk samples. In total, 1100 bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel raw milk samples were collected in different regions of Iran and analyzed to determine concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method. The mean recoveries of the analytical method were 88%, 93%, and 96%, for Hg, Cd and Pb, respectively. The mean Cd, Pb and Hg contents obtained from 1100 samples were 3.62±0.35 ppb (range: 0.06-14.03 ppb), 11.73±1.09 ppb (range: 0.12-33.62 ppb) and 4.35±0.42 ppb (range: 1.03-10.38 ppb), respectively. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg were found in raw bovine samples (4.05±0.38, 12.36±1.21 and 5.76±0.53 ppb, respectively), while raw camel milk harbored the lowest concentrations of heavy metals. Milk of 5≤ year-old animals had the highest concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg. Milk samples of all studied animals collected in spring had the highest concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg heavy metals (P<0.05). The mean concentrations of Cd and Hg heavy metals were lower than the allowed limits announced by the standard organizations, while those of Pb were higher. These results highlight the importance of periodically monitoring levels of Cd, Pb and Hg heavy metals in milk of bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo and camel-especially in spring and summer seasons and also in 5≤ year-old animals in Iran.
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2014
Milk and dairy products may contain varying amounts of different toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. The survey was conducted to study the rate of excretion of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in the milk of cows, sheep and goats correlated with the corresponding quantities of metals flowing into the diet for 60 consecutive days. 300 samples of milk from five cows, were analyzed with average content (mg/L) of Cu = 0.29, Zn = 1,21, Cd <0.02, Cr <0.006, Ni <0.1 and Pb <0.02, 300 milk samples from five sheep were also analyzed with average content (mg/L) of Cu = 0.06, Zn = 0.40, Cd <0.02, Cr <0.006, Ni <0.1 and Pb <0.02, while 300 milk samples from five goats had an average content (mg/L) of Cu = 0.03, Zn = 1.38, Cd <0.02, Cr <0.006, Ni <0.1 and Pb <0.02.
Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2017
The determination of the seven elements was performed by Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption (AA) spectrophotometer. The present study highlights the importance of seven heavy metals residual concentration including Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in milk of Camel, Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep and Goat from various areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. It revealed that milk of camel comprising of high levels of Zn (5.150 ± 0.021 mg/kg), Mn (0.094 ± 0.003 mg/kg) and Fe (1.580 ± 0.530 mg/kg) with a definite correlation. In the milk of buffalo, high concentration of noxious heavy metals including Cu (0.223 ± 0.010 mg/kg) and Cd (0.117 ± 0.086 mg/kg) were found whereas in goat milk, high Ni (1.152 ± 0.045 mg/kg) and Cr (1.152 ± 0.045 mg/kg) was observed and detected. The analysis showed that camel and buffalo have similar high concentration of heavy metals. Overall results showed that milk of cattle shows higher concentration of Zn, Mn and Fe along with Buffalo.
Investigation of some heavy metal presence in the milk of cattle
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2012
Oneri: Belirlenen kursun, kadmiyum, arsenik, selenyum ve cinko duzeyleri Birlesik Gida Kodeksinin besinler icin onerdigi maksimum duzeylerin cok altinda bulundu. Bu duzeylerin insan sagligi icin tehlikeli boyutlarda olmadigi ve sut inekleri icin kontaminasyon riskinin de yuksek olmadigi kanisina varildi. Arastirmalara daha cok sayida ornek alinarak ve daha fazla element cesidini konu alarak devam edilmelidir. Abstract
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in raw milk for human consumption
The presence of heavy metals in various farm inputs, including feed, fertilizer, water and environment leads to excretion of the residues in animals' milk. Because consumption of milk contaminated with heavy metals poses serious threats to consumers' health, a study was conducted in 2012 – 2013 in Pakistan to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in unprocessed raw milk procured in different seasons from Jhang city, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 400 milk samples was collected from milk shops and dairy farms, and the contents of heavy metals, i.e. copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were analysed via atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicated that the average concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd were significantly higher than International Dairy Federation Standards. Within a season, heavy metal levels differed significantly among samples. For each type of milk source, there was a significant difference in mean concentration of heavy metals between summer and winter. Based on these findings, there is a critical need to set legal limits and surveillance for heavy metals in an animal's milk.
Heavy Metal Residues in the Milk of Cattle and Goats During Winter Season
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009
Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) residues (mg/L) were determined in the milk of cattle and goats. The milk samples of cattle from area 1 have higher levels of residues than area 2; Cd 0.089 ± 0.002 vs. 0.062 ± 0.01 Cr 1.14 ± 0.046 vs. 0.995 ± 0.017 Ni 23.38 ± 0.564 vs. 21.407 ± 0.275 Pb 21.781 ± 0.172 vs. 15.958 ± 1.00. The residual levels of Cd (0.084 ± 0.003) and Pb (42.687 ± 0.051) have been found higher in goat milk. The Ni residues in cattle milk (22.395 ± 0.988) are higher than in goat milk (19.522 ± 0.011) while residues of Cr are non significantly different in both species.
Quantitative Analysis of Toxic Metals in Buffalo Milk Samples from Mumbai Suburban Region by ICP-AES
Journal of Animal Health and Production
Presence of heavy metals in milk, particularly the non-essential ones poses a great risk to both animal and human health. Industrialization, construction, vehicle dust, heavy use of pesticides are some of the major pathways through which these metals gain access into the food chain, and eventually into the milk. The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in buffalo milk, owing to its high consumption in the country. Fresh, raw buffalo's milk samples, total 100 in number were collected from different dairy farms in Mumbai suburbs. After collection, the sample were immediately kept in the freezer (-20˚C) and later processed by acid digestion method using 65% HNO3 and HClO4. Using Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-AES), concentration of As (Arsenic), Hg (Mercury), Pb (Lead) and Cd (Cadmium) were evaluated. The results showed high levels of lead and mercury in Borivali (p<0.05)and Bhiwandi (p<0.01) region respectively. The positive values confirm presence of these toxic metals in the surrounding environment. However, no significant levels (p>0.05) of these metals were found in the water which is considered as the most common source of exposure. Also, no correlation was found between levels of heavy metals and its effect on milk yield. These results demonstrated that milk produced in the vicinity of Mumbai is contaminated with heavy metals lead and mercury; moreover environmental pollution could be a potential source of heavy metal contamination in raw milk.
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Background: Heavy metals are toxic, non-biodegradable substances able to enter the food chain of cows and then transfer to their milk. This study investigated the relationship between the heavy metal concentrations in serum and milk and the environmental pollutants exposure at two different farms in Ragusa, Italy. Methods: To evaluate the concentrations of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), milk and serum samples were collected from 40 Friesian dairy cows from farm 1 at about 3.7 km from an industrial area (group 1) and 40 Friesian dairy cows from farm 2 at about 400 mt from a greenhouse and 6.0 km from a chemical fertilizer factory (group 2). Results: The concentrations of heavy metals measured in serum and milk showed no statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2. No significant correlation between heavy metals in serum and milk in group 1 was observed. A positive correlation between Zn...
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013
Concentrations of toxic heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) and major nutritional and trace elements (Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) were analyzed in the milk of Simmental (n = 20) and Holstein-Friesian (n=20) cows from an organic farm. Elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission atomic spectrometry. The conducted research showed that the milk of Simmental cows was characterized by the more advantageous mineral composition and lower concentration of noxious heavy metals compared to the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk of Simmental cows, significantly lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (P<0.001) and Cu (P<0.05) and significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Mg (P<0.05) as well as nonsignificantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Se were found. In the milk of both breeds, very low Cu concentrations were recorded. The higher-than-recommended concentration of Pb in milk was also found. In the milk of both breeds, the significant positive correlations between concentrations of the following elements were observed: Pb