Evaluation of Certain Plant Leaf Powders and Aqueous Extracts against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
The toxicity of Azadirachta indica seed powder and leaf powders from Plectranthus glandulosus, Steganotaenia araliacea and Annona senegalensis to adult Sitophilus zeamais was determined in the laboratory. The influence of drying regime and particle size on the insecticidal efficacy of P. glandulosus and S. araliacea powders was also assessed. The seeds and leaves were either dried under shade or sunlight, pulverized until the particles passed through a 1 mm or 0.2 mm mesh-sieve. Maize grains were admixed with the powders at the rates 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg for the assessment of mortality over a 14-d or 30-d period, as well as for population increase and damage. Within 14-d exposure, P. glandulosus powder caused the highest weevil mortality followed by A. indica. A. indica powder was by far more effective in reducing grain damage and population increase compared with all the other powders during three-month storage period. Powders from the leaves dried under shade compared with those dried under sunlight and the smaller compared with the larger particle size, caused higher weevil mortality. Neem seed powder and powdered leaves of P. glandulosus have a great potential in the protection of maize against S. zeamais infestation in subsistence storage systems.
2017
The present laboratory study was carried out in the entomological laboratory the Department of plant science, Ambo University. The experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of four locally available botanicals. The botanicals evaluated were: Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf and seed, hop bush (Dodonae angustifolia) fresh leaf, Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) flower and Lomen grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf powders at three different doses (3, 4 and 5 g)/100 g of grain maize against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Their effectiveness was determined using different parameter such as grain damage and weight losses. The results revealed that all test materials at 5 g doses exhibited mortality action against maize weevil while at 3 g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Powdered leaves and seeds of neem and pyrethrum flower at 4 and 5 g were showed statistical significant (P<0.01) diff...
ABSTRACT Plant powders from the leave of Thevetia peruviana and seeds of Aframomum melegueta were applied at different dosages of 1,3 and 5% (w/w) on stored maize grains and tested against the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais in the laboratory for 11 weeks. Parameters accessed were adult mortality at 24, 48, 72 and 96h, adult emergence and grain damage. The result showed that 3 and 5% powders of both plants were more toxic to 5. Zeamais and suppressed F1 progeny emergence compared to 1% powders and the controls. The application of these powders were dose dependent, with higher doses providing greater protection of the maize grains. The phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed the presence of Sapomins, Flavoboids and tanninis. Other were polyphenol, glycosides, Steroids and reducing compounds. This research provides the scientific basis for the potential use of T.peruviana and A.melegeta powders in protecting stored-grain-products at the small-scale farming level to reduce the application of toxic synthetic insecticides.
AWUTSerBio, 2018
The loss of market values and problem of pests in the stored grains has contributed to the problem of food security in Africa. Post-harvest losses due to Sitophilus zeamais remain an important constraint to grain storage in Africa. Also, use of chemical insecticides have increased food poisoning thus there is resurgence need of using botanical pesticides to control insect pests in the field as well as in storage. This study investigated the insecticidal effects of some botanicals (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Mangifera indica L., Carica papaya L. and Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves) on Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea) F1 progeny and mortality as well as weight loss of Maize. The botanicals at varying concentrations (0.1 g, 0.5 g and 1.0 g) were applied on 500 g of maize for 3 months. All the leaf powders used exhibited insecticidal properties against Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grains. However, they are more effective at the 1.0 g/500 g of maize grain, with Nicotiana tabacum being the most effective. At 1.0 g/500 g of maize grain, the botanicals had effect on the proximate composition of the maize grains with Mangifera indica causing a reduction in the carbohydrate content of the maize grains. The results of the experiment revealed that leaf powders of Nicotiana tabacum, Mangifera indica, Carica papaya and Eucalyptus camaldulensis have great potential to be used as pesticides against Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grain. Therefore, these botanical powders can be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical for the control of S. zeamais.
Plant powders from the leave of Thevetia peruviana and seeds of Aframomum melegueta were applied at different dosages of 1,3 and 5% (w/w) on stored maize grains and tested against the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais in the laboratory for 11 weeks. Parameters accessed were adult mortality at 24, 48, 72 and 96h, adult emergence and grain damage. The result showed that 3 and 5% powders of both plants were more toxic to 5. Zeamais and suppressed F 1 progeny emergence compared to 1% powders and the controls. The application of these powders were dose dependent, with higher doses providing greater protection of the maize grains. The phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed the presence of Sapomins, Flavoboids and tanninis. Other were polyphenol, glycosides, Steroids and reducing compounds. This research provides the scientific basis for the potential use of T.peruviana and A.melegeta powders in protecting stored-grain-products at the small-scale farming level to reduce the application of toxic synthetic insecticides.
A study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Aristolochia ringens, Garcinia kola, Morinda lucida, Euphorbia hirta, Croton zambesicus, Colocasia esculenta, Ficus exasperata and Tetrapleura tetraptera on Sitophilus zeamais at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity. The plants powder was applied at 5, 10 and 20% (wt/wt) of maize grain. Weevil mortality, adult emergence, percentage damage, percentage reduction and weevil perforation index were observed. The result obtained showed that only the powder of Z. zanthoxyloides and A. ringens effect mortality on the weevil as they both achieved more than 50% weevil mortality within 96 h of application. However, powder of Z. zanthoxyloides had the highest mortality effect on the weevil as it achieved 100% within 72 h at 5%(wt/wt) and its effect was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other powders. Also, powder of Z. zanthoxyloides, A. ringens and M. lucida showed a reduction capacity on the emergence of the adult weevil at 20%(wt/ wt). Moreover, Z. zanthoxyloides prevented the emergence of the adult weevil even at 5%(wt/wt) but effect was not significantly different from A. ringens and M. lucida at 20%(wt/wt) as they both achieved 0% and 0.67% adult emergence. The powders also reduced the damage of the treated seeds. Z. zanthoxyloides prevented the damage of the seeds at 5, 10 and 20%(wt/wt) while A. ringens prevented the seed damage at 20%(wt/wt). However, effect of all the powders increased with increase in the powder concentration.
2020
Maize is one of the major cereal crops grown for food in Ethiopia and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is a major insect pest of stored maize. Controlling of the pest by use of synthetic insecticides is raising serious concern on the environmental safety, consumer health hazards and high costs for subsistence farmers and thus there is a need to develop alternative safe and cheap methods of insect control strategies such as the use of insecticidal botanicals against the storage pest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of powders of seeds of Azadrichta indica, Millettia ferruginea and Jatropha curcas, leaves of Croton macrostachyus and Euphorbia schimperiana and to screen the minimum effective dose of each botanical for the management of maize weevil. The plant materials were collected air-dried under shade, ground separately into a fine powder using micro plant grinding machine. Three, four, and five grams of powder of each botanical were added to each 100 g of cl...
Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences), 2022
Studies were carried out to examine the insecticidal properties of powdered extract of four plant species, namely Allium sativum (L.) (bulb), Drimia maritima (L.) Baker (bulb), Erythrina senegalensis (L.) (stem bark), and Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) (stem bark), against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) infestation on stored maize (Zea mays L.). The efficacies of the plant powders at four levels of concentration (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 g) on maize weevil (S. zeamais Motschulsky) mortality monitored over 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hour intervals were assessed and compared to the industrially formulated insecticide, Coopex (Permethrin 0.5%), using the standard method, respectively. The results obtained revealed that the powdered extract of the four plant species evaluated showed varying degrees of efficacies at certain levels of concentration. The infested maize grain treated with bulb powder of A. sativum (L.) and stem bark powder of K. senegalensis (Desr.) proved to be the most efficacious with recorded lethal doses (LD 50) of 0.07 and 0.08 g, respectively, after 24 hours. Bulb powder of D. maritima (L.) Baker and stem bark powder of E. senegalensis (L.) had an LD 50 of 5.10 and 0.20 g, respectively, after 24 hours. On the strengths of these findings, it is evident that A. sativum (L.) and K. senegalensis (Desr.) are potential plant materials for bio-control of maize weevil (S. zeamais Motschulsky) infestation on stored maize grains.
Efficacy of Various Botanicals against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamays) in Laboratory Condition
Agriculture Journal IJOEAR, 2020
Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamays (Motschulsky) is one of most important economic pest that causes severe economic damage to store grain and its management at the farmers level is must. To determine the efficacy of different botanicals against maize weevils in stored maize a study was carried out at the laboratory of IAAS, Lamjung Campus at room temperature from January to April. Nine treatments were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Number of infected seeds, dead weevils, number of exit holes and live weevils were recorded at every 30 days intervals till four months. Analysis of variance showed significant effect of all botanicals on weevil mortality compared to untreated check, but not as effective as liquid extracts as Cinnamomum (9.75), citronella (9.75), mentha (9) and lemon grass (9) were significantly more effective than the rest botanicals (P <0.05). Upto 90 days statically lower numbers of infected seeds were seen at Cinnamomum, Mentha, Lemon grass, Titepati, and Citronella while on 120th day Cinnamomum showed best results. Among all treatments, Cinnamomum oil was found to be better on every parameter thus can solve poor farmer's problems by integrating them with other cultural measures. However further research are needed to fix the rate graph and the long term effect in large stores of farmers conditions.
The potency of Olax subscorpioidea, Aframomum melegueta seed and Zingiber officinale root against Sitophilus zeamais was studied under laboratory condition. The powders and extracts of the plants were tested against at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g of powders and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of oil extracts respectively. Control experiments were also setup. A. melegueta powder and extract achieved the highest mortality of 88.35% and 100% at 1.0g dosage and 10% concentration respectively within 72h of application and its effect was significantly (p<0.05) differently from others. The fiducial limits (0.36-1.78) showed that low concentration of A. melegueta (0.93%) is required to achieve 50% mortality of S. zeamais when compared to other plants. All the plants significantly reduced the adult emergence of S. zeamais when compared to the controls. Only A. melegueta oil at 10% concentration prevented adult emergence of the insect and 100% inhibition rate of the insect.