Property taxes in the large cities of Punjab Province, Pakistan (original) (raw)

Tax reliefs for residential property occupied by the payers of the property tax

Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad

In this paper the authors deal with the tax reliefs provided for residential property occupied by the payers of the property tax. The authors will try to answer whether and what type of tax reliefs are given to this category of property in comparative tax law. The special attention will be devoted to the critical analysis of tax credits provided for residential property in Serbian tax law.

According to the spending of funds collected from taxes in the Khanate of Khiva

Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies

This article analyzes tax notebooks that occupy a significant place among the documents of the “archive of Khiva Khans” stored in the National Archive of Uzbekistan, which constitute the main source group in the study of the tax system of the Khiva Khanate of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The khanate studied the funds that came to the treasury at the expense of solgut, zakat, tithes, and tavhij's notebooks on food consumption. The money collected from taxes was transferred to other areas in addition to palace expenses. In particular, for the defense of the state, the salaries of military personnel, communication with neighboring countries, for the development of the cultural and religious sphere, in particular, it was spent on such areas as the construction of mosques and madrassas, as well as on salaries for religious scholars, tolibi sciences. It was also found that the khan's treasury, which was filled with taxes, was also spent in order to develop and improve new la...

Progressive Taxation of Individual Income in Islamic Countries

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY, 2021

The economic results of the development of Muslim countries have raised the question of the existence of an increasingly focused Islamic financial and tax model. Taxes in the Islamic economic model provide an implicit link in the relations between the state and individuals, thus determining the limits of conditioned freedom and mutual obligations. The article is aimed at identifying the indicative features of progressive taxation of individual income in some Islamic countries. The research results show that Islamic countries are characterized by the unity of religion (faith) and such elements of the social system as the organization of power, as well as family, economic and other relations. The boundaries of the personal and the public, the individual and the national are transparent and strictly regulated. The peculiarities of the Tax Institute in Muslim countries, terms of taxation and tax usage rules are considered. It is proven that nowadays approaches to taxation in Islamic cou...

Special tax on illegally acquired property

2020

The National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia has adopted the Law on Determining the Origin of Property and Special Tax. With the "new" legal solution on determining the origin of property and special tax, Serbia seeks to protect the fiscal and other interests of the state based on the income of natural persons caused by abuse resulting in the possession of property that cannot be justified by legal income. Since the Law on Determining the Origin of Property and Special Tax introduces a new "special tax", it an opportunity to define the basic contours of this tax, and to give guidelines for practical application, as well as for the possible correction of the Law.

System of Taxation of the Akkerman Sandzak Population Based on the 16th Century Defters

Shìdnij svìt, 2021

The study considers the system of taxation of the population of the Ackerman Sandzak based on the 16 th cent. defters. The Ottoman administrative-territorial division of the NorthWestern Black Sea Coast is analyzed, according to which during the 16 th cent. registers of taxation of the subjugated population-reaya were compiled. Different registers are involved in terms of content and categories-defters for a wider representation of tax categories, tax items, forms of taxes, etc. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of two defters from The Ottoman Archive Complex The Directorate of State Archives (Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi) and also two defters from the Ankara Archive of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü). The article presents the basic principles of taxation, inherent in all four defters of the second half of the 16 th century. Different forms of taxes that have the same functional application are indicated. A complete nomenclature of tax names in the Arabic alphabet with Turkish Latin transliteration and translation-explanation of the content of a tax is presented. Numerous varieties of tax items are inherent in the general tax system of the Ottoman state. Taxes are divided according to the purpose of the collection: Shiite, state, land. The discrepancy between the applied taxes in the NorthWestern Black Sea coast and the national Ottoman taxation was revealed. In particular, the differences concern some tithes on cereals and their monetary value. Also, some taxes are related to livestock, as one of the main economic activities in the steppe region, deducted from timar land taxes and included in the taxes of the state treasury. This may indicate an inherited local tax system adapted to national Ottoman taxation. In addition to taxes, the system of providing fiscal objects for ransom in the form of mukataa is also considered. The main nomenclature of fiscal areas with their inherent revenues and taxes is indicated.

Modern caste system in taxation

2022

Збірник містить тези доповідей учасників ІІІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Вплив обліку та фінансів на розвиток економічних процесів» з досліджень впливу обліково-фінансових механізмів на розвиток економічних процесів в умовах дії глобальних чинників. Рекомендовано до друку на засіданні кафедри обліку і аудиту Закарпатського угорського інституту ім. Ф.Ракоці ІІ (протокол №12 від 09.06.2022 р.

Property Taxation in Bulgaria: A Comparative Survey in the Framework of European Union

2008

The paper is intended to analyze property taxation, outlining its role as a part of the national tax system and an important component of the fiscal decentralization process in Bulgaria. The main arguments for property taxation are discussed consecutively. Organization of the property taxation is presented on the base of the legislation in force. Analysis is focused on the effectiveness of the property taxation in Bulgaria by comparison with the EU member states. Special emphasis is placed upon Bulgarian tax system evolution during the transition period. Structural changes in the local budget revenues are analyzed, underlining the reasons for the dynamics of the property tax share. Finally, there are some conclusions and recommendations intended to improve organization of the property taxation in Bulgaria and strengthen its revenue-raising potential.

Property Tax in Ukraine: Economic Nature and Accounting Features

Ефективна економіка, 2022

У статті досліджено теоретичні та методологічні засади податку на майно як одного з основних джерел наповнення місцевих бюджетів. Обґрунтовано економічну сутність кожної із складових податку на майно: податку на нерухоме майно, відмінного від земельної ділянки; транспортного податку; плати за землю. Виявлено вплив податку на майно на формування доходів місцевих бюджетів в Україні на прикладі бюджету міста Одеси. Проаналізовано ефективність чинної системи оподаткування податком на майно в Україні. Визначено особливості первинного, аналітичного та синтетичного обліку податку на майно, а також його відображення у фінансовій і податковій звітності. Наведено основні шляхи реформування системи оподаткування податком на майно в Україні та порядку його обліку. The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of property tax as one of the main sources of filling local budgets. The economic essence of each component of the property tax is substantiated: real estate tax other than land; transport tax; land fees. The impact of property tax on the formation of local budget revenues in Ukraine was revealed on the example of the budget of the city of Odessa. The dynamics of property tax revenues to local budgets for the period 2015-2020 has been formed. The effectiveness of the current system of property taxation in Ukraine is analyzed. The peculiarities of primary, analytical and synthetic accounting of property tax, as well as its reflection in financial and tax statements are determined. The main ways of reforming the system of property taxation in Ukraine and the procedure for its accounting are given. Property tax is a direct local tax levied on individuals and legal entities for the use of a certain type of property. According to the current legislation, the property tax consists of three tax payments: real estate tax other than land, transport tax, as well as land fees. For each of the above tax payments, the Tax Code provides for different methods of tax collection. Today, property tax is of significant fiscal importance for local budgets, but its share in the structure of budget revenues tends to decrease. Property tax accounting is carried out on a separate analytical account (second-order sub-account) in the context of sub-account 641 "Tax calculations". In the process of initial accounting of property tax, an accounting certificate and a payment order are used. In the financial statements, the property tax is displayed in the Balance Sheet (Form No. 1) and the Statement of Financial Results (Form No. 2) only as part of other payments to the budget. The property tax reporting consists of three forms, each of which corresponds to a certain component of the property tax in accordance with the Tax Code of Ukraine. The current model of collection of property tax and the procedure for its display in accounting are not perfect and are subject to reform in various areas. Ключові слова: податок на майно; податок на нерухоме майно; відмінного від земельної ділянки; транспортний податок; плата за землю; місцеве оподаткування; доходи місцевих бюджетів; облік і звітність за податком на майно.

Features of changes in taxation of real estate of individuals in the Russian Federation

Известия Дальневосточного федерального университета. Экономика и управление, 2018

Анализируются нововведения в налогообложении недвижимого имущества физических лиц в РФ с двух точек зрениясо стороны устанавливающих их налоговых властей и со стороны налогоплательщиков. Формулируется вывод о различии взглядов на их экономическую интерпретацию в рамках данных точек зрения и о наличии определенного разногласия. Предлагаются возможные пути к разрешению конфликтности между сторонами налоговых отношений, преодоление которой требует достижения баланса имущественных интересов, а соответственно, развития именно экономической составляющей процессов налогообложения.