Isolation of Flavonoid Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Leaves (original) (raw)
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Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exist within the body which many of them are derived from dietary sources like fruits and vegetables. In the present work, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the defatted methanolic extract of Salix tetraspermaRoxb. growing in Egypt and certain fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) derived from it was determined. The ethyl acetate fraction had high phenolic and flavonoid contents (285.48 ± 2.07 mg gallic acid equivalent /g extract and 136.13 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent /g extract) respectively. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated using three tests; 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) method, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay and Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The results showed that although all extracts have antioxidant activity but the ethyl acetate fraction is the highest one (SC 50 = 42.59 ± 0.38 µg/ml for DPPH method; 298.03 ± 6.85 mg ascorbic equivalent/g extract for TAC assay and 925.79± 4.74 mmolTrolox ® equivalent / 100 g extract for ABTS assay). The identification of the chemical constituent of the defatted methanolic extract of S. tetrasperma has been performed by HPLC-ESI-MS technique. It was appeared that the chemical constituent of this extract is composed of a mixture of flavonoid and phenolic acid derivatives.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Salix tetrasperma Roxb
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2012
Only two phytochemial investigations of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. growing in Egypt have been reported previously based only on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening (Fahmy and Abdel-Latif, 1948; Sahsah, 1978). Recently, antiinfl ammatory activity of the aqueous methanolic leaf extract of this plant was studied (Karawya et al., 2010). The aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical profi le of the leaves and stem bark of the plant and to evaluate the antiinfl ammatory (rat hind paw oedema), antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging), and analgesic activities, respectively. Material and Methods Plant material Leaves and stem bark of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. (Salicaceae) were collected in March 2007 in the vicinity of Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt. The identifi cation was verifi ed by Dr. H.
Horticulturae
For a long time, species of the genus Salix have been widely utilized and studied as medicinal plants; however, the biological activity and phytochemical composition of Salix schwerinii (SS) and S. kochiana (SK) have not been studied at all. This study investigated the antioxidant properties of SS and SK extracts and detected phytochemical compounds in the extracts. The results showed that the antioxidant activities (IC50) of SS extract, SK extract, and ascorbic acid (reference) were as follows, respectively: 169.8, 79.8, and 71.2 μg mL−1 for ABTS cation radical scavenging and 38.4, 26.2, and 9.3 μg mL−1 for DPPH free radical scavenging. The results imply that SK has a high potential as a natural antioxidant. The phytochemical compositions of extracts (mg g−1) were analyzed as follows: SS extracts, 217.7 phenolics (1.54 catechin, 0.86 syringic acid, 0.46 luteolin, and others) and 5.06 salicin; SK extracts, 71.0 phenolics (0.54 catechin, 0.28 myricetin, 0.12 salicylic acid, and other...
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Salvia lerrifolia from Sabzevar
Liver disease has become one of the major health problems in the world, and the death rate is going rapidly to increase. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the emerging, development, and the progression of liver diseases. Ethnobotanical research has an undoubted profound impact on the development of numerous new drugs. The aim of this research, therefore, was to examine the antioxidant activities of 14 selected plants used for treating liver diseases by traditional healers of Indonesia ethnicities and to classify these plants using chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA). The extraction using methanol as the solvent was performed with two stages maceration. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and AlCl 3 method, respectively, whereas antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Among 19 methanol extracts of 14 plants, the leaves of Baccaurea racemosa, Macaranga subpeltata, and Piper sp. showed the highest antioxidant properties. The phenolic content correlated with TEAC, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, while flavonoid did not significantly affect these antioxidant activity methods. PCA successfully classified the plant samples using the variables of antioxidant activities and phenolic-flavonoid contents. The selected plants have promising antioxidant properties which support their utilization for either liver diseases medication or oxidative stress-related diseases prevention.
Antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities and HPLC analysis of South African< i> Salvia species
Food Chemistry, 2010
The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the methanol:chloroform (1:1) extracts of 16 Salvia species indigenous to South Africa were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2 0azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays and compared to the control values obtained with Trolox Ò . Nearly all the solvent extracts displayed antioxidant activity, with the IC 50 value ranging from 1.6 to 74.5 lg/ml using DPPH Å , whilst the IC 50 values ranged from 11.9 to 69.3 lg/ml, when tested with ABTS Å+ . The extract of Salvia schlechteri, with an IC 50 value of 1.6 lg/ml, was three times more active than the reference compound, Trolox Ò (IC 50 value: 2.51 lg/ml). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay. With the exception of Salvia radula (IC 50 value: 78.8 lg/ml), the extracts displayed poor inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, with all IC 50 values being greater than 100 lg/ml. The total phenolic content based on gallic acid equivalents (GAE) confirmed the presence of total soluble phenolics in the various extracts from 45 to 211 mg of GAE per g dry sample and showed strong association (r 2 = 0.90) with antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify various compounds in the extracts. Betulafolientriol oxide and rosmarinic acid were detected in all the species investigated, and rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol and oleanolic acid/ursolic acid were abundant in many species.
Antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities and HPLC analysis of South African Salvia species
Food Chemistry, 2010
The antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the methanol:chloroform (1:1) extracts of 16 Salvia species indigenous to South Africa were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2 0azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays and compared to the control values obtained with Trolox Ò . Nearly all the solvent extracts displayed antioxidant activity, with the IC 50 value ranging from 1.6 to 74.5 lg/ml using DPPH Å , whilst the IC 50 values ranged from 11.9 to 69.3 lg/ml, when tested with ABTS Å+ . The extract of Salvia schlechteri, with an IC 50 value of 1.6 lg/ml, was three times more active than the reference compound, Trolox Ò (IC 50 value: 2.51 lg/ml). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay. With the exception of Salvia radula (IC 50 value: 78.8 lg/ml), the extracts displayed poor inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, with all IC 50 values being greater than 100 lg/ml. The total phenolic content based on gallic acid equivalents (GAE) confirmed the presence of total soluble phenolics in the various extracts from 45 to 211 mg of GAE per g dry sample and showed strong association (r 2 = 0.90) with antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify various compounds in the extracts. Betulafolientriol oxide and rosmarinic acid were detected in all the species investigated, and rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol and oleanolic acid/ursolic acid were abundant in many species.
Antioxidants, 2019
Salix spp. have been exploited for energy generation, along with folk medicine use of bark extracts for antipyretic and analgesic benefits. Bark phenolic components, rather than salicin, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities, which may ensure the sustainable bioprospection of Salix bark. Therefore, this study highlights the detailed phenolic characterization, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibitory effects, and biocompatibility of Salix atrocinerea Brot., Salix fragilis L., and Salix viminalis L. bark polar extracts. Fifteen phenolic compounds were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-mass spectrometry analysis, from which two flavan-3-ols, an acetophenone, five flavanones, and a flavonol were detected, for the first time, as their bark components. Salix bark extracts demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity (5.58–23.62 µg mL−1 IC50 range), effective inhibition on...
The present study was aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents of Salix mucronata Thunb. leaf extracts and their antioxidant activities. Dried leaf powder was extracted with MeOH, MeOH (85%), MeOH(70%) and distilled water. The different extracts were monitored for phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride assays. The antioxidant potential of tested extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The results showed that, MeOH (85%) extract exhibited high total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC=131.39±2.49 mgGAE /g ext. and TFC= 67.69±1.47 mg RE /g ext.). Also, MeOH (85%) extract showed high antioxidant activities (DPPH SC50= 98.76±0.46 (µg/ml), ABTS= 45.83±0.32 mm Trolox ® eq. /100 gm extract and TAC= 199.18±2.19mg equivalent of ascorbic acid /g ext.). On other hand, EtOAc fraction derived from MeOH (85%) extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity; DPPH SC50= 50.19±0.24 (µg/ml), ABTS= 76.22±1.61(mm Trolox ® eq. /100 gm ext.) and TAC= 249.86±3.74 (mg equivalent of ascorbic acid /g ext.). This study demonstrated that, S. mucronata leaf is a good source of natural antioxidants. Also, there is a high correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity.
Elemental Content and Total Antioxidant Activity of Salvia fruticosa
The determination of 18 elements (V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn, Fe, Mg and Zn) in leaves, flowers and the infusion from Salvia fruticosa, a sage grown in Greece, is described. For this purpose, flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been used for the determination of Fe, Mg, Zn and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has been used for the determination of V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn using 45 Sc 72 Ge, 115 In and 232 Th as internal standards. The elemental content was found to be in the range of 0.01 (Bi)-30.8 (Mn) mg/Kg (leaves), 0.30 (Bi)-39.1 (Mn) mg/Kg (flowers), 0.003 (Sb)-20.4 (Mn) mg/Kg (infusion) for V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn and in the range of 0.07 (Zn)-3.21 (Mg) g/kg (leaves) for Fe, Mg and Zn. The majority of the samples were collected from six sites in the island Crete and transplanted and grown in a model farm. Chemometric techniques were used to investigate the original site classification according to their elemental content, and it was proved that the initial cultivation sites were characterized by only five elements (Sb, V, Zn, Cd and Cr). The application of factor analysis revealed significant correlation between certain elements, denoting their common sources. In addition, the total antioxidant activity of the herbal preparation was determined by measuring the 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract total antioxidants and the effect of temperature, time and solvent in the extraction efficiency was investigated. The determination of the antioxidant activity was based on the % inhibition of the absorbance signal of the radical DPPH at 515 nm, after the addition of herbal's extract. The IC 50 values were found to be in the range of 10.6-40.1 mg/L.
Polyphenolic profile and biological activity of Salvia splendens leaves
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate a new flavone triglycoside, together with eleven phenolic metabolites from 80% aqueous methanol extract of S. splendens leaves (AME) and assessment of its hypoglycemic and antiinflammatory activities along with in vitro antioxidant effect. Methods The phenolic composition of S. splendens leaves was analyzed using UV, 1D and 2D NMR and negative ESI-MS spectroscopy. Hypoglycemic activity of AME was assessed by measuring blood glucose in streptozotocin induced-diabetic rats. Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema test. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using DPPH test. Key findings Twelve phenolic metabolites including three phenolic acids, namely caffeic acid 1, rosmarinic acid 2 and methyl rosmarinate 3; four flavone glycosides viz the new compound luteolin 7-O-(4″,6″-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 4, apigenin 7-O-β-D-rutinoside 5, cosmosiin 6 and cinaroside 7, toget...