The Influence of Physical Load on Dynamic Postural Control—A Systematic Replication Study (original) (raw)
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German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
Dynamic postural control is one of the essential factors in situations where non-contact injuries mainly occur, i.e., landing, cutting, or stopping. Therefore, testing of dynamic postural control should be implemented in injury risk assessment. Moreover, non-contact injuries mainly occur under loaded conditions when the athlete is physically stressed. Therefore, risk factors and mechanisms of these injuries should also be regarded under loading conditions and not only when the athlete is recovered. Current studies examining the influence of physical load on risk factors, such as dynamic postural control, often use cycling protocols to stress the participants. Nevertheless, most types of sports require running as a central element and the induced internal load after cycling might not be the same after running. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the influence of a running and a cycling protocol on dynamic postural control and to determine the potential injury risk under rep...
The Effects of Various Modes of High-Intensity Anaerobic Exercise on Dynamic Balance Performance
International journal of strength and conditioning, 2023
This study assessed the effects of various modes of high-intensity anaerobic exercise (e.g., sprinting, squatting, and jumping) on dynamic balance performance. Twenty-five college-age studentathletes participated in three, high-intensity anaerobic exercise conditions (treadmill sprint, barbell squat, and vertical jump) on three separate days with only one condition being performed per week in a randomized order. Dynamic balance became significantly (t = 2.21, p = 0.04) worse from pre-to post-testing after completing the vertical jump protocol (5.24 ± 2.29 and 6.1 ± 1.92, respectively). There were no significant (t < 1.75, p < 0.19) differences in dynamic balance from pre-to posttesting after performing the treadmill sprint (5.68 ± 1.68 and 6.28 ± 2.06, respectively) and barbell squat (5.18 ± 1.64 and 5.69 ± 1.81, respectively) protocols. While Tabata sprint and barbell squat protocols revealed no significant effects on dynamic balance, a similar-intensity Tabata vertical jump protocol produced a significant detriment in dynamic balance performance. These findings suggest that the vertical jump may uniquely hinder subsequent sport performance and increase risk of balance-related injury when compared to intensitymatched sprinting or squatting. These results may be attributable to an increased propensity to fatigue when performing bouts of vertical jump compared to sprinting or squatting, thus reducing the proprioceptive capability of the body.
Applied Sciences
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and how anaerobic fatigue induced by sport-specific exercise affects the postural control of highly-trained adolescent road cyclists. Twenty-three male athletes, aged 15–18 years, were included in the study. Postural control was assessed using the pedobarographic platform (bipedal upright stance, sequentially, with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) for 60 s each, with a 30 s interval), before and 3 min after a 30 s all-out effort performed on the ergometer. The results showed significant increases in the 95%-confidence ellipse area (p-value 0.000 and 0.001 for EO and EC, respectively), as well as centre-of-pressure (CoP) range displacement in the anteroposterior (p-value 0.000 for both EO and EC) and mediolateral (p-value 0.011 and 0.001 for EO and EC, respectively) planes. In addition, a significant decrease in CoP mean sway frequency was observed (p-value 0.000 and 0.001 for EO and EC, respectively), but no changes were noted in CoP mean ...
COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL OF COLLEGIATE ATHLETES IN DIFFERENT SPORTS
The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in dynamic postural control performance in male collegiate soccer and basketball players, wrestlers, and kickboxers. Sixty-five male collegiate athletes competing in soccer (n=20), basketball (n=14), wrestling (n=16), and kickboxing (n= 15) volunteered to participate in this study. Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) scores were obtained bilaterally for anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) directions. Star Excursion Balance Test scores in the PL, PM, and composite reach distance were found higher in the wrestlers than the other groups (p<0.05). ANT scores did not differ between groups (p>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that soccer and basketball players and kickboxers did not differ in terms of dynamic balance. However, wrestlers demonstrated superior dynamic balance performance than others. To evaluate risks or deficits related to lower extremity injury in athletes, clinicians and coaches should consider dynamic balance performance differences between sports branches.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2019
The current investigation identified the response of postural control measures of single-leg balance and landing to different accumulated training load profiles representing normal, higher, and spiked loads. Twenty-two professional rugby union players performed single-leg balance and landing tests on a 1000Hz force plate on the first training day of 24 weeks across the season following 36 h recovery. Internal (sRPE-TL) and external (total and high-speed running distance) load measures were monitored during all training sessions and matches. Calculations of acute (7-day rolling average), chronic (28-day rolling average), and acute to chronic workload ratio were determined. Three-week load profiles were identified that represented normal, spike, and higher load profiles to determine the effect on postural control, which were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. A significant effect of load profile on landing impulse on the dominant (p=0.005) and non-dominant legs (p=0.001) was identified, with significantly greater impulse measures in the spike and higher load profiles (p=0.001-0.041) compared to the normal load profile. Significant load profile x week interactions (p<0.05) were identified for landing peak force on the dominant leg and impulse on both legs suggesting a decrement during the spike load profile and increased impulse in the higher load profile. No effects (p>0.05) were identified for load profile changes in single-leg balance sway velocity or single-leg landing time to stabilization. The respective landing responses may indicate altered movement strategies under spike and higher load profiles resulting from neuromuscular fatigue in response to the accumulated load.
POSTURAL CONTROL IN SKILLED ATHLETES IN RESPONSE TO UNEXPECTED PERTURBATION
Judo is a sport in which the athlete must have an efficient balance control, as he or she is constantly vulnerable to unexpected movements imposed by the opponents. The aim of this study is to analyze judoist postural responses to an unexpected external perturbation (n = 20) in two levels of ability (brown and green belts) and in those of a non-athlete group (n = 10). An external posterior perturbation (EPP) was applied by means of a horizontal traction to the subject's dorsum, using a fixed pulley system. The EPP was unexpectedly and quickly removed, producing the desired postural response. Displacements of centre of pressure (COP) were obtained by means of a force platform. Postural responses were analyzed in eight intervals of 1 s (t1 to t8), beginning at the moment of EPP removal. The speed and position averages of COP, in anteroposterior plane, were the main parameters used to analyze the postural responses in the balance recovery. A two-factor (group x intervals) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student Newman-Keuls post-hoc (p < 0.05) was applied for speed and COP. ANOVA for intervals factor in each group was applied to COP position, in order to verify COP displacement patterns. The group of greater ability presented lower COP speed compared with the control group, and a gradual and continuous COP displacement pattern during balance recovery. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that the most skilled athletes present better balance control, and show that the proposed sport training and the athlete's level of ability may influence on this control performance.
Effects of anaerobic fatigue on postural
Introduction. Sport training forms and develops specific abilities and motor skills (strategies). It involves an alternating application of training loads and rest intervals. Static postural control determines the effectiveness of human motor function in upright stance. Fatigue, on the other hand, resulting from physical activity, is manifested by a lower performance level and affects an athlete's movement accuracy and speed as well as endurance. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of physical exercise (fatigue) on athletes' static postural control by measuring the mean velocity of body sway. Material and methods. Twelve taekwondo practitioners took part in measurements of their body balance control. The stabilographic measurements were carried out with the use of a force platform. Postural control was measured in four tests: with the eyes open and with the eyes closed, pre-and post-exercise (Wingate test). Results. Mean values, mean velocity of body sway taekwondo competitors in traffic levels, in control anterior-posterior plane before the Wingate test: eyes open 12,31 ± 6,1 [mm/s], eyes closed: 13,61 ± 2,9 [mms]. Mean velocity after the Wingate test eyes open 15,39 ± 8,5 [mm/s], eyes closed 18,22 ± 6,2 [mm/s]. The mean values mean velocity in control medial-lateral plane before the Wingate test: eyes open 7,22 ± 2,3 [mm/s] eyes closed 8,74 ± 2,4 [mm/s], and after the Wingate test eyes open 8,91 ± 2,1 [mm/s], eyes closed 10,14 ± 2,9 [mm/s]. Conclusions. Results of the study show that intensive physical exercise has an adverse effect on dynamics of body control. The impairment of erect body position is more pronounced in sagittal plane. In state of fatigue eye sight is an important factor of stable body posture control.
PloS one, 2015
Load variation is associated with changes in joint torque and compensatory reflex activation and thus, has a considerable impact on balance control. Previous studies dealing with over (OL) and under loading (UL) used water buoyancy or additional weight with the side effects of increased friction and inertia, resulting in substantially modified test paradigms. The purpose of this study was to identify gravity-induced load dependency of postural control in comparable experimental conditions and to determine the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms. Balance performance was recorded under normal loading (NL, 1g), UL (0.16g; 0.38g) and OL (1.8g) in monopedal stance. Center of pressure (COP) displacement and frequency distribution (low 0.15-0.5Hz (LF), medium 0.5-2Hz (MF), high 2-6Hz (HF)) as well as ankle, knee and hip joint kinematics were assessed. Soleus spinal excitability was determined by H/M-recruitment curves (H/M-ratios). Compared to NL, OL caused an increase in ankle joint excur...
Influence of Injury on Dynamic Postural Control in Runners
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2016
Injury has been linked with altered postural control in active populations. The association between running injury and dynamic postural control has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine dynamic postural control in injured and uninjured runners using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Time to Stabilization (TTS) of ground reaction forces following a single-leg landing, and postural stability indices reflecting the fluctuations in GRFs during single-leg landing and stabilization tasks (forward and lateral hop). It was hypothesized that dynamic postural control differences would exist between runners with a history of injury that interrupted training for ≥7 days (INJ) when compared to runners without injury (CON). Case-control study. Twenty-two INJ (14 F, 8 M; 23.7 ± 2.1 y; 22.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2; 29.5 ± 16.3 mi/wk) currently running > 50% pre-injury mileage without pain were compared with twenty-two matched CON (14F, 8M; 22.7 ± 1.2 y; 22.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2; 31.2 ± 1...