Irrigation model of bleached Kraft mill wastewater through volcanic soil as a pollutants attenuation process (original) (raw)
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Allophanic soil adsorption system as a bleached kraft mill aerobic effluent post-treatment
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2003
Bleached Kraft mill effluent was treated in an activated sludge reactor followed by an allophanic soil adsorption system (ASAS). Under aerobic conditions, removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied between 57.7-96.5% and 30.3-57.0%, respectively, depending on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). On the other hand, tannin-lignin and phenolic compounds removal efficiencies attained values between 13.2-51.2 and 3.6-33.5%, respectively. An allophanic soil adsorption system was designed for color and phenolic compounds removal. Three different types of soils were used: Natural allophanic soil as the control compared, with calcinated and acidified allophanic soil. The initial removal efficiencies for phenolic compounds varied between 72 an 87% for activated soils, while color initial removal efficiencies were between 95 and 99%. Moreover, COD and tannin-lignin initial removal efficiencies reached maximum values of 74 and 87%, respectively, for calcinated soil. Design parameters show that there is an enhancement factor in adsorption capacities for both activated soils. In fact, phenolic compounds breakpoint adsorption capacity increased 5.3 times for calcinated soil and 17.6 times for acidified soil, while saturation capacity increased between 2.2 and 3.2 times. In addition, color breakpoint adsorption capacity increased 2.8 times for calcinated soil and 10.4 times for acidified soil, while saturation capacity increased between 3.2 and 5.5 times.
Adsorption of Dye on a Tunisian Unsaturated Layered Soil: Physical and Numerical Modeling
Eurasian Soil Science, 2020
The main objectives of this study is to model the transport of methylene blue (MB) in homogenous and layered soils which has been studied experimentally by fixed bed column. The effect of soil stratification has been studied through numerical investigation based on the coupled solute transport model in three-layered soil. The effect of some significant parameters such as flow rate, initial concentration of MB, thickness of each layer and the numbers of layers on the breakthrough curves have been undertaken. A finite element analysis model was employed to predict the transport of MB in soils. A two dimensional model based on Richards equation and advection-dispersion equation coupled with adsorption model has been developed and an analytical model has been used to predict the dispersivity. The results shows that the soil heterogeneity has a significant effect on methylene blue (MB) adsorption through unsaturated layered media and the effect of the parameters of the upper layer of the soil is more significant than those of the lower layer but this effect can be controlled with the choice of the thicknesses of each layer.
Heliyon, 2020
Oil mill wastewater (OMW) is the main liquid discharge from oil mills, it is considered as a dangerous pollutant due to its toxic chemical compounds which are unloaded directly in the environment without any treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of OMW adsorption on clay as a good method for the elimination of toxic chemical compounds and to study the application of treated OMW as an irrigation source in agricultural field. For this, Clay was collected from the city of Agourai (Meknes region, Morocco) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, BET and FTIR analysis. Moreover, the treated OMW was analyzed using UHPLC-ESI-MS and the determination of total phenolic content (TPC) was also performed. However, the application of the treated OMW in agricultural field was performed by the determination of its effect on the germination of Lepidium sativum seeds (in vitro) and as a source of irrigation of Vicia faba plants (in situ). The results of this study showed that OMW had the following physicochemical characteristics: average pH of 4.88, TPC of 4.75 g/l, COD of 80 g/l, BOD5 of 18.72 g/l, conductivity of 16.05 cm-1, dry matter of 135.7 g/l and volatile matter of 58.7 g/l. The adsorption on clay had increased the pH from 4.88 to 6.14 and reduced significantly the organic matter (42% of COD and 57.4% of phenolic compounds). UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of a wide variety of organic compounds in OMW, with the appearance of new compounds after adsorption. Moreover, the use of treated OMW as a source of irrigation showed a significant effect on the germination of Lepidium sativum seeds and the growth of Vicia faba plants. From this study, we can conclude that the adsorption on clay is a good method for the treatment of OMW, which became non-toxic for environment and can be used as a source of irrigation in agricultural field.
Effect of PH on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Clay Material
2017
The paper reports the effect of PH on the adsorption of a dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution by laboratory-made clay material prepared from magnesium sulphate and aluminium sulphate.The effect of pH on the adsorption of the dye on the clay material was found to be quite distinct; the change of adsorption is regular with increase of pH. The results have revealed that both physical and chemisorption are occurring here. INTRODUCTION In the last couple of decades, a myriad of technologies have been developed to remove metals from waters: precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption. Of these, adsorption processes are relatively preferable for eliminating metals from waters, especially at very low metal concentrations.In this purpose, different adsorbents can be used but activated carbons are the most widely used, either as powders or grains, because of their versatile physical and chemical properties [1]. Activated carbon fibers and clothes have recently draw...
Fundamental Study on Adsorption and Interaction of Anionic Surfactant and Volcanic Ash Soil
2012
Chapter 2: Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate on Highly Humic Non allophanic Andisol at HighElectrolyte Concentration……………………………………. 10-26 2.1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 2.2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………. 11 2.3 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………………... 13 2.3.1 Soil………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 2.3.2 Surfactants………………………………………………………………………. 14 2.3.3 Adsorption experiment……………………………………………………. 14 2.3.4 Critical micelle concentration (CMC)…………………………………. 16 2.3.5 Theoritical analysis of adsorption isotherm………………………. 16 2.4 Results and Discussion…………………………………………………………………… 18 2.4.1 Effect of pH on DBS adsorption………………………………………… 18 2.4.2 Effect of time on DBS adsorption………………………………………. 19 2.4.3 Evaluation of the adsorption isotherms…………………………….. 20 2.4.4 Comparison between branched and linear adsorption isotherm.. 24 2.5. Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………… 25 Chapter 3: Effect of Electrolyte on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate on High Humic Volcanic Ash Soil……………………………………………… 27-45 3.1 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.3 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………………………… 3.3.1 Soil……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.3.2 Surfactant…………………………………………………………………………………… 3.3.3 Adsorption Experiment………………………………………………………………… 3.3.4 Critical micelle concentration (CMC)……………………………………………… 3.3.5 Zeta Potential Measurement…………………………………………………………. 3.3.6 Evaluation with the theoretical adsorption equation……………………… 3.4 Results and Discussions…………………………………………………………………………… 3.4.1 Adsorption isotherm at different electrolyte concentration……………… 3.4.2 Adsorption isotherm and charge condition of the soil particle…………… 3.4.3 Evaluation of the measured adsorption isotherm and the adsorption Site potential………………………………………………………………………………… 3.4.4 Comparison between branched and linear carbon chain DBS adsorption.. 3.5 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………… Chapter 4: Influence of Organic Matter on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate on Volcanic Ash Soil …………………………………………………………………………. 46-52 4.1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.2 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.3 Materials and Methods………………………………………………………………………………… 4.3.1 Soil…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.3.2 Surfactant………………………………………………………………………………………… iii 4.3.3 Adsorption Experiment……………………………………………………………………. 48 4.4 Results and Discussions………………………………………………………………………………. 50 4.5 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
Soil Systems
In the present study, the adsorption of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) was studied in two already polluted urban soil samples with different pH values, an acidic and an alkaline one. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations were used to thoroughly study the adsorption of the metallic elements on the solid surface of the soils. Langmuir equation described the adsorption of each metal satisfactorily, with a slight predominance over Freundlich, in both soils, as the R2 value approached almost unity. Even though Zn and Cu were adsorbed on the soil phase, their adsorption was minimal compared to the adsorption of more harmful metals such as Pb and Cd. Using the values of the coefficients obtained from the equations of the mathematical models, we concluded that in alkaline soils, the retention of metals was much greater than in acidic soils. The simultaneous presence of metals during the addition of the single-element solutions of the metals to the al...
Adsorption of organic pollutants by natural and modified clays: A comprehensive review
Separation and Purification Technology, 2019
Adsorption process has been widely used for treatment of wastewaters due to its simplicity and lower costs as compared to other traditional technologies. Among the alternative sorbent materials, the use of abundantly available clays for adsorption of organic pollutants has garnered increasing attention worldwide. Clays, in its natural and modified forms, have been extensively employed for the removal of organic contaminants from different wastewaters. The current review appraises the sorption performance of natural and modified clays for environmental remediation applications. The adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds, aromatic compounds, pesticides and herbicides, and other organic contaminants are comprehensively reviewed. The effect of the experimental conditions (pH, initial concentration (C o), surfactant loading, etc.) on the adsorption capacity is also appraised. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms, structures, and adsorptive characteristics of natural and modified clay sorbents are included. A statistical analysis of the adsorption isotherms reveals that Langmuir and Freundlich are the most examined models in fitting the experimental adsorption data. In addition, the adsorption kinetics is predominantly based on the pseudo-second-order model. The current review is an attempt to draw a prior knowledge about the technical viability of clay sorption process by assessing outcomes of the studies published between 2000 and 2018.
Identification of potential soil adsorbent for the removal of hazardous metals from aqueous phase
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2012
The present study attempted to identify the efficient hazardous metal-removing sorbent from specific types of soil, upper and middle layer shirasu, shell fossil, tuff, akadama and kanuma soils of Japan by physicochemical and metal (arsenic, cadmium and lead) removal characterizations. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques, whereas metal removal properties of soil were characterized by analyzing removal capacity and sorption kinetics of potential metal-removing soils. The chemical characteristics revealed that all soils are prevalently constituted of silicon dioxide (21.83-78.58 %), aluminum oxide (4.13-38 %) and ferrous oxide (0.835-7.7 %), whereas calcium oxide showed the highest percentage (65.36 %) followed by silicon dioxide (21.83 %) in tuff soil. The results demonstrated that arsenic removal efficiency was higher in elevated aluminum oxide-containing akadama (0.00452 mg/L/g/h) and kanuma (0.00225 mg/L/ g/h) soils, whereas cadmium (0.00634 mg/L/g/h) and lead (0.00693 mg/L/g/h) removal efficiencies were maximum in elevated calcium oxide-containing tuff soil. Physico-chemical sorption and ion exchange processes are the metal removal mechanisms. The critical appraisal of three metal removal data also clearly revealed cadmium [ lead [ arsenic order of removal efficiency in different soils, except in tuff and akadama soils followed by lead [ cadmium [ arsenic. It clearly signified that each type of soil had a specific metal adsorption affinity which was regulated by the specific chemical composition. It may be concluded that akadama would be potential arsenicremoving and tuff would be efficient cadmium and leadremoving soil sorbents.
Investigation of Phenol Adsorption Characteristics by Chemically Treated Ganga Soil
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2017
In this study, chemically modified natural clay was employed to remove phenol from its aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters on phenol adsorption were investigated through batch adsorption in order to find out the phenol adsorption characteristics onto the surface of modified adsorbent. The adsorption of phenol was found to increase at lower solution pH and comparatively lower temperature. The adsorption was also found to increase with increase in initial concentration and contact time but decrease in adsorbent dose. The maximum adsorption capacity of 87.08 mg/g was found at a solution pH of 3, initial concentration of 100 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 1 g/L and temperature of 30 °C. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with decreasing temperature indicating exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The Adsorption characteristics was correlated by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms at three different temperature and Langmuir isotherm exhibited a better fi...
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 2021
Kinetics parameters are the essential issue in the design of water treatment systems for pollutants uptake. Though numerous studies have identified the boundary conditions that exert influence on the kinetics parameters, the influence of the dynamic initial solute concentration (C0) to the kinetic parameters generated from fitting kinetics model to experimental data has not been investigated thoroughly. This study revealed a change in the kinetics parameter value due to changes in the adsorption mechanism as an effect of dynamic C0. It was observed that at higher C0 the adsorbed solute at equilibrium (qe) increases and it takes longer time to reach equilibrium. As a result, the kinetics rate constant (k) calculated from adsorption reaction model (Lagergren, Ho, Santosa, and RBS) was decreased. In general, Ho model exhibit higher correlation coefficient value (R2) among the other model at low C0. At high C0, Ho’s R2 tend to decrease while the Lagergren and RBS’s R2 was increased. The...