Phytochemical and bioactivity screening of six Nigerian medicinal plants (original) (raw)
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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources, 2006
Traditional healers have successfully used several species of the genus Ficus to cure several ailments such as; diarrhea, dysentery, cuts, wounds, mumps, cholera, and jaundice. Ficus natalensis being of the same genus was screened for the presence of phytochemicals and antimicrobial effects. Phytochemical investigation of crude extracts of F. natalensis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenes and anthraquinones. The crude hexane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Candida krusei ,and Candida tropicalis. Minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC)/(MFC) and Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were carried out on the extracts using the two fold serial dilution method at concentrations of 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 0.63 mg/mL but the crude extracts did not show inhibitory effect on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Shigeiladysenteriae, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, and Campylobacter jejuni.The result in this work agrees with the ethno-medicinal claim on this specie of the genus.
Phytochemical screening of ten Nigerian medicinal plants
The purpose of the present study is to show the quantity and quality of ten Nigerian medicinal plant used in Nigeria and African for both tradition Alternative medicine and also, serves as an encouragement for the production of new antibiotics locally and the importance of natural endowed gift of nature. The ten medicinal plant are Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Terminalia glaucescens, Garcina kola, Zanthoxylun Lessmamul, Sarcorcephalus latiolia, Olax subcorpidica, Alchornea laxiflora, Spondia mombin and Morinda Lucida. It was observed that all ten plant contains the important phytochemical like Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Saponins, Essential oil and Tannins at appreciable quantity and quality. The use of medicinal plant should be encouraged.
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE, 2017
Introduction: Medicinal plants play a significant role in the health maintenance in underdeveloped countries, herbs and spices continue serve as a new sources for herbal medicines. Aim: The objective was to investigate phytochemical screening and biocidal activity on stem bark Chrysophyllum albidum (Linn) and straw Aristolochia ringens using chloroform. Methods: Chloroform extracts of C. albidum and A. ringens were obtained and screened for phytochemical constituents. The colour intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these tests. The Antimicrobial activities crude extracts were evaluated against some microorganisms with broth microdilution test. The extracts were screened for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against breast tumour and liver tumour cells. Results: The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, anthraquinone and glycosides. C. albidum and A. ringens chloroform extracts revealed high quan...
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of four Nigerian medicinal plants
The antimicrobial activity of non-polar, moderately polar and polar extracts of the leaves of Alchornea laxiflora, Cnidoscolus acontifolius (Euphorbiaceae), Newbouldia laevis, (Bignoniaceae) and Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) against Escherichia coli NCIB 86, Staphylococcus aereus NCIB8588, Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950 were investigated. There was generally no activity against the different strains of bacteria used. While the in vitro antioxidant activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of the plant materials determined by ferric thiocynate method showed that the species provided at least one fraction with highly promising antioxidant activity. However, phytochemical screening gave secondary metabolites that have been found to be of medicinal importance both in preventive and curative medicine.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2011
Methanol extract of three Nigerian medicinal plants were screened for antimicrobial activity using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and agar dilution techniques to determine the diameters of zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts respectively. The extract of each of the plants were tested against five clinical bacterial isolates comprising of two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) organisms. All the extracts exhibited moderate to high level of antimicrobial activities against these microorganisms. Phytochemical screening of powdered plant material revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. These Nigerian medicinal plants could be developed into cheap, safe and culturally acceptable standardized herbal products and may serve as a source of new molecules for broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
International Journal of Current Micrbiology and Applied Sciences, 2014
Five local medicinal plants used in folkloric treatment of skin infection were used against four bacteria and fungi that are not principal agents in skin diseases to test for their broad spectrum antimicrobial activities. These organisms are implicated in other diseases like wound infections, urinary tract infections, pulmonary infections, zygomycosis, mucomycosis, thyphoid, shigellosis, diarrhea, respiratory tract infections e.t.c. The plants include; Butyrosporum paradoxum Pseudocedrella kotschii, Cleorodendrum capitalum, Cassia occidentalis and Piliostigma reticulatum. Solvents such as ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, Nhexane and sterile water were used to extract the active components of the plants. The ethanol extracts of B. paradoxum at concentrations of between 100mg/ml to 10mg/ml were active against salmonella typhorium and Klebsiella with zones of inhibition ranging from 24mm +0.94 to 10mm + 1.19. Ethanolic extract of Pseudocedralla kotschyii was active against Salmonella typhimorium, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa with zones of inhibition ranging from 26mm + 1.19 to 12mm + 0.84. Ethanol extract of Cleorodendrum capitalum was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhorium and shigella with zones of inhibition ranging from 22mm + 0.89 to 12mm + 0.94. The methanolic extract of this plant was also active against P. aeruginosa and S. typhorium with inhibition range of 22mm + 1.19 and 12mm + 0.89.Ethanolic extract of P reticulatum was also active against S. typhorium and Shigella with Inhibition zones of 18mm + 1.12 and 14mm + 0.89 at relatively high concentration of between 100mg/ml and 60mm/ml. The antifungal analyses also showed activity with B. paradoxum showing fungal inhibition with zones ranging from 20mm+ 0.89 to 10mm+ 1.19 against Sycephalastrum racemosum, Synnematum spp and Giberella saffulta. The ethanolic extract of P. kotchyii showed activity against S. racemoum and S. spp with inhibition zones of between 24mm+ 0.89 to 12mm + 0.84. Ethanol extract of C. occidentalis was active against all fungal strains including Cumminghamella elegans with zones ranging from 22mm + 1.19 to 14mm+ 0.89. The methanol extract of C. capitalum was active against C. elegans with zones ranging from 20mm+ 0.89 to 12mm +1.12 while the ethanolic extract was active against G. saffulta with zones ranging from 18mm +1.19 to 12mm. + 0.84. They ethanolic extract of P. reticulatum showed static activity against S. racemosum but cidal activity against C. elegans with zones of inhibition raging from 20mm + 0.84 to 14mm+ 0.89.Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, phlombatannin, flavonoids e.t.c. Negative and positive control using standard antibiotics showed most of the test organisms are resistant to the antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to Nitrofnrantoin and gentamycin. S. racemosum was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin G. saffulta was sensitive to ofloxacin.
2018
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds present in all plant parts which together with nutrients and fibres provide protection to plants and humans against diseases. The types and the quantity of phytochemicals vary from one plant to another. This study is aimed at determining the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of five medicinal plants growing in Nigeria. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins carbohydrate, terpenoids, glycosides and anthraquinones in the plant extracts. The antimicrobial screening was carried out using the following organisms; B. subtilis, C. species, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae and C. albicans. Chromolaena odorata leaf extract was found to contain all thesecondary metabolites under investigation with exception of anthraquinones and showed activity against all the tested organisms at 100 mg/ml. The evidence of these phytocompounds with inhibiting effect against the tested organisms could be the reasons for their uses in treatment of the various claimed diseases traditionally.
World journal of advance research and review, 2020
Crude leave extracts of four folklore medicinal plants were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assays against microbial pathogens using well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude leave extracts of four folklore consists of Neem, Moringa, Jatropha and Balanites revealed that there is present of bioactive phytocomponents with potential antimicrobial ingredients when Soxhlet extraction was performed using different solvents (Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, acetone and Ethyl acetate). The crude extracts showed significant antimicrobial activities against all microbial pathogens screened with highest activity in methanol and chloroform extracts of alkaloids as phytocomponents. While highest activity was recorded in methanol and chloroform extracts, faintly in ethyl acetate extracts using phenolics Phytochemical. Whereas, microbial activities was moderately present in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts using steroids and reducing sugars phytocomponents respectively. Whereas, the antimicrobial activities against pathogens revealed remarkable sensitivity with prominent zone of inhibitions with ranging from 14mm to 26mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 10mm to 24mm in streptococcus species using extracts from chloroform, ethyl acetate, Hexane and methanol extracts. Likewise, moderate zone of inhibition ranging from 14mm to 17mm was recorded in Staphalococcus aureus, 10mm to 17mm was recorded in P. pyogene and 10mm to 16mm in Escherichia coli respectively. Whereas weak zone of inhibition ranging from 10 mm to 12 mm was obtained against streptococcus mutans. The bioactive ingredients of those with antimicrobial activities are screened and recommended that more research work be conducted to explore their bioactive components for formulation into appropriate dosage as potential antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases in the study area.
The increasing incidence of resistance to antibiotics among bacteria currently poses serious clinical and public health threat and has propelled efforts for newer alternatives to alleviate the problem. Extensive search and testing for different plants with potentials for antimicrobial properties is presently considered one of the most feasible options as substitutes to the current regimen of antimicrobials. We tested the antibacterial characteristic and the phytochemical composition of four candidates: Momordica balsamina, Pavetta crassipes, Phyllanthus amarus and Aloe vera. Extractions were carried out using distilled water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Generally, all extracts showed considerable antibacterial properties against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activities for each extract of the plants increased with increasing concentration. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity while hexane extracts showed the least activity against the test organisms. The plants contained essential phytochemicals and minerals were detected except lead. This study further confirmed the antimicrobial activity of these plants and efforts should be intensified in the search for novel plants with medicinal and antimicrobial potentials.