Socioeconomic Status and Livestock Study of Bihar (original) (raw)
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The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2023
This experimental survey was conducted in five different villages located in the Sikrara block of the Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The focus of the survey was to collect data on the prevalent breeding practices in the region. Small farmers, medium farmers, and large farmers were polled for this study. The survey was done on a random basis so as to reduce error percentage and both marginal and big farmers were surveyed for the evenness of data. Survey was done on a door to door basis by providing a questionnaire to the respondents. The data of survey was the base of the analysis done to prove the hypothesis. The data collected was recorded, tabulated, charted and analyzed for significance. Middle-aged people made up the largest demographic (42.0%), followed by those who were either very young (29.33%) or very elderly (28.66%). Only 30.66% of the 150 respondents did not have any level of education, whereas 44.00% of the respondents did and 25.33& were well educated. Of the total of 150 respondents, 47.33% were farmers with a landholding of 3 to 6 hectares, 32.00% were farmers with a landholding of less than 3 hectares, and 20.66% were farmers with a landholding of 6 hectares or more. Only 18.75% of the farmers in the survey made less than Rs. 40,000 per year, while 56.25% made between Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 80,000, and 25.0% made more than Rs. 80,000. The largest proportion of respondents (53.75%) were from medium-sized families (6-9 people), followed by smaller households (up to 5.00%) and larger families (16.25%). Medium-sized herds were owned by 46.0% of respondents, followed by tiny (26.0%) and big (28.00%) herds. Animal husbandry was found to be the second most important business activity in the region after crop cultivation.
A Study Of Medium Category Milk Producers In Gujarat State
2016
Dairying has become an important secondary source of income for more than 15 million rural families and has assumed an important role in providing employment and income generating opportunity for the most vulnerable sections of our population. For millions of small and marginal farmers as well as landless labourers, milk production provides ready cash in hand for fulfilling their daily household requirements. According to 2012 livestock census data, Gujarat had 9984 thousand cattle and 10386 thousand buffalo population. The daily milk yield per animal in the state for Cow (Crossbreed), Cow (indigenous) and Buffalo is around 9.08 kg/day, 4.19 kg/day & 5.15 kg/day respectively.The present study was conducted to evaluate the status of Medium Milk Producers in Gujarat state. The study covered all districts of the state and information was collected by using questionnaire. After analyzing the collected data it could be seen that there is enormous opportunity to develop indigenous cattle as it is more suitable to our environment. Further, it can be concluded that the major characteristics of Medium dairy farmers were-"Mixed Farming" is being practiced by significant number of respondents, irrigation facility and educational background of SSC to Post graduation.The main weakness observed was low milk yield lack of awareness of clean milk Production and Scientific Animal Husbandry practices.
Journal of krishi vigyan, 2020
A study has been conducted on farming practices followed by the dairy farmers in the district Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar who were possessing small land holding and mainly dependent on milk production by the dairy animals. Forty two farmers of the district were randomly selected and contacted on telephone by the KVK team. Detail information was collected personally regarding various management practices like feeding and grouping of animals, silage making, rearing of calves and the milk yield obtained from the animals. A total of 13 farmers had a land holding of up to 0.8 ha, 6 farmers between 0.8 to 1.6ha, 11 were in the range of 1.6 to 2.4 ha, 4 farmers between 2.4 to 4ha whereas 3 farmers were holding more than 4 ha. and 5 farmers were identified as landless farmers. It was also observed that landless category of farmers obtained the minimum wet average (4.27 L/d) and herd average (2.78 L/d) contrary to the large farmers having land holding of more than 4 ha area where wet average and herd average were 9.09 and 6.17 L/d, respectively . Therefore, depending on the feeding management practices followed, there was a difference in the milk yield obtained. A lot of variation was observed within different categories of farmers using different practices. Thus, this study showed that for making the dairy farming a profitable market, farmers must follow the recommendations of the research institutes and take maximum care so that productivity as well as profitability can be sustained.
Study on present status of dairy farming at sadar upazila of Rangpur district
Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries
This study was conducted to investigate the present status of dairy farming through a field survey at Rangpur Sadar Upazila, Rangpur, Bangladesh from December 2020 to December 2021. A total of 14 indigenous and 95 crossbred cows were selected randomly from the selected dairy herds. The results indicated that most of the farmers were male (25-35 years) and 17.24% of farmers involved in dairy farming were graduated. With regards to the housing system, the percentage of rearing system was found equal and the majority of the farmers could not afford fodder cultivation (70%). In the case of cross-breed animals like HF cross the farmers provided green grass and concentrate in a high amount of 11.03±0.76 kg and 4.82±0.33 kg per animal per day respectively. Likewise, straw feeding was found higher in indigenous animals (06.64±0.55 kg/animal/day). Most of the farmers followed AI (91.7%) with frozen semen (99.08%) for reproduction purposes in which 37.61% of cows need double services for conc...
Knowledge of improved dairy husbandry practices of farmers of Kauroli, district of eastern Rajasthan
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology
This study was carried out in the randomly selected 20 villages of Hindaun and Todabhim blocks of Karauli District of eastern Rajasthan. The results of the present study revealed that the majority of the farmers (73 %) had partial level of knowledge about overall dairy practices, while 16 per cent farmers had full level of knowledge about overall dairy practices and 11 per cent, who had no level of knowledge about overall dairy practices. The majority of the respondents had partial knowledge about feeding elements, feeding of concentrates and roughage mixture, time of feeding concentrate , feed requirements for maintenance of animals, feed requirements for production purpose, green fodder requirements, extra essential minerals requirement to animals with concentrate and roughage and quantity of minerals required per day per animal, animal breeding programme, improved breeds of bull, artificial insemination, time of next insemination after parturition of animals, pregnancy diagnosis and sources of artificial insemination carried out by artificial insemination centre, vaccination programme to control the diseases vaccination schedule, control of foot and mouth diseases control of hemorrhagic septicemia diseases, control of black quarter diseases and control of anthrax diseases. It was also found that majority of the respondents had partial knowledge about keeping the records of animals, method of determining the age of animals and proper method of milking. It can be concluded that majority of the respondent had partial knowledge about feed practices, breeding practices, disease control practices and general management practices.
The present investigation was conducted in Mavli and Vallabhnagar tehsils of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The study group included 160 cattle rearers from which were selected randomly from four villages of above two tehsils. It was found that 57.50 per cent of total cattle rearers studied, got conceived their cattle by natural service method and 50.62 per cent of total cattle rearers studied, got inseminated/served their cattle at mid stage of heat. 33.75 per cent of the respondents used pure bred indigenous bull for service. Pregnancy diagnosis of cattle was practiced by 51.87 per cent of the respondents. Results revealed that knuckling (92.50%) was the main method of milking. All the respondents used to clean udder and teats, wash hand before milking and milked their cattle twice a day. None of the cattle keepers followed dry hand milking and sealing of teat canal at the end of lactation. Introduction Livestock sector is significantly contributing to the national economy and its growth rate is increasing. Due to lack of detailed information on existing breeding practices adopted for different categories of livestock, it has not been possible for the policy planners to give full attention to these important aspects of cattle production. An efficient management needs a strong database. Efforts should be aimed to collect and correlate all available information. Few efforts are known to have been made to study systematically the cattle management practices in rural areas. The information available and the notation prevalent on the subject have been based on assumptions, usual observations, experience and reports of some specialists and professional workers. This is hardly adequate to serve as the basis on which valid guidelines for developing programs of introducing improved and scientific management practices and for solving the problems encountered. India is the highest milk producing country in the world with 137.7 million tonnes milk production in the year 2014-15 (Department of Animal Husbandry). But its contribution to international milk market is lower than many countries because our milk quality does not match export standard. [1] Basically milk production depends on four dimensions of animal husbandry i.e breeding, feeding, health care and management practices. [2] Scientific milking management practices could improve total output and quality of milk as well. [3]
The study was conducted on 400 farmers of four blocks of district Shahdol – a prominent tribal district of Madhya Pradesh. Most of the farmers were in age group between 31-40 years and illiterate. They reared more than four animals and not cultivated green fodder. They grazed their animals in the forest. Lack of good quality feed and fodder the productivity was very low. Among the constraints perceived by milk producers indicated that first rank given to lack of knowledge of scientific feeding with mean 1.35 ranked first, followed by high calf mortality with mean 1.32 and high cost investment in construction of scientific dairy shed with mean of 1.26. It was conclude that scientific feeding and calving interval period directly affect the milk production and economic returns of the dairy farmers. The gap between standardised and existing management practices as high and low cost practices, the high gap was in block Jaisinghnagar, 84% followed by Gohparu, 83.17% due to lowest educational status among farmers.