Eco-friendly role of biodegradation against agricultural pesticides hazards (original) (raw)
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BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL -A REVIEW
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 2020
Modern agriculture relies heavily on herbicides for the control of weeds and ease out to maximize yield in crops. With the development of herbicide-tolerant crops, use of herbicides is increasing around the world that has resulted in severe contamination of the environment. The strategies are now being developed to clean these substances in an economical and eco-friendly manner. An attempt has been made to pool all the available information about microbial degradation of key herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, metolachlor, diuron, glyphosate, pendimethalin and paraquat. Based on the information, it has been found that the inoculums size, amounts of additional co-substrates carbon and nitrogen compounds, organic matter of soil and pH are the major factors that affected the extent and rate of herbicides degradation. Due to excessive use of herbicides, ecosystems are under threat of its pollution. Microbes are the main vehicle for remediation of herbicides, and new discoveries, such as novel biodegradation pathways, multispecies interactions and community-level responses to herbicides addition, are helping us to understand, predict and monitor the fate of herbicides. The information may be useful in developing safer and economic microbiological methods for cleanup of soil and water contaminated with such herbicides.
23 Biodegradation and bioremediation of pesticide in soil: concept, method and recent developments
Biodegradation is a natural process, where the degradation of a xenobiotic chemical or pesticide by an organism is primarily a strategy for their own survival. Most of these microbes work in natural environment but some modifi cations can be brought about to encourage the organisms to degrade the pesticide at a faster rate in a limited time frame. This capability of microbe is some times utilized as technology for removal of contaminant from actual site. Knowledge of physiology, biochemistry and genetics of the desired microbe may further enhance the microbial process to achieve bioremediation with precision and with limited or no scope for uncertainty and variability in microbe functioning. Gene encoding for enzyme has been identifi ed for several pesticides, which will provide a new inputs in understanding the microbial capability to degrade a pesticide and develop a super strain to achieve the desired result of bioremediation in a short time.
Soil Microorganisms and Their Potential in Pesticide Biodegradation; A Review Article
Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, 2018
P ESTICIDES play an important role in preventing insect pests and weeds in crops. However, excessive use of pesticides has been known to be unsafe, due to their toxicity to non-target organisms and the ecosystem. Biodegradation is an innovative approach for decontaminating pesticide pollution. However, compared with the list of extensively used pesticides there are few well-characterized strains of microbes that transform pesticides into less-toxic or more labile products at environmentally useful rates. Fortunately, the technology required to isolate and characterize such microbial strains has improved immensely in the recent years. Furthermore, recent experimental developments have made practical the modification of potentially beneficial biodegradation genes so that they may be optimally expressed in a wide range of microbial species. This reviews article explore the recent studies that have focused on biodegradation of pesticide residues, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that affect the degradation of pesticides and the new application of microbial degradation of pesticides.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2017
This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of different bacterial and fungal species in decontamination of agricultural soils, which have been polluted with the application of continuous and higher doses of inorganic pesticides in the agricultural fields andthis can be considered asa modern phytoremediation approach. Biodegradation is an eco friendly, cost effective, highly efficient approach and can be considered as a superior alternative to physical and chemical methods which are not only technically laborious and costly, also are not sufficient to completely degrade organic and inorganic toxins from the soil. Development of experimental conditions in which all congruent biological agents are applied concurrently may be a promising strategy to enhance biodegradation. Much work remains to be done in carrying out field studies based on laboratory-scale results/experiments using plant-associated endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria to degrade a wide range of toxic compounds of concern in environmental soil before commercially viable systems. Application of strong and effective natural phytotoxins as a potent pesticide is also highly recommended.
Pesticide relevance and their microbial degradation: a-state-of-art
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2014
The extensive use of pesticide causes imbalance in properties of soil, water and air environments due to having problem of natural degradation. Such chemicals create diverse environmental problem via biomagnifications. Currently, microbial degradation is one of the important techniques for amputation and degradation of pesticide from agricultural soils. Some studies have reported that the genetically modified microorganism has ability to degrade specific pesticide but problem is that they cannot introduce in the field because they cause some other environmental problems. Only combined microbial consortia of indigenous and naturally occurring microbes isolated from particular contaminated environment have ability to degrade pesticides at faster rate. The bioaugumentation processes like addition of necessary nutrients or organic matter are required to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant by the indigenous microbes. The use of indigenous microbial strains having plant growth activities is ecologically superior over the chemical methods. In this review, we have attempted to discuss the recent challenge of pesticide problem in soil environment and their biodegradation with the help of effective indigenous pesticides degrading microorganisms. Further, we highlighted and explored the molecular mechanism for the pesticide degradation in soil with effective indigenous microbial consortium. This review suggests that the use of pesticide degrading microbial consortia which is an eco-friendly technology may be suitable for the sustainable agriculture production.
Microbial degradation of pesticide: A review
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2017
Excessive use of pesticides has been known to be hazardous to the environment, affect soil fertility as well may impart toxicity in living beings. Presently there have been physical, chemical, biological and enzymatic approaches implicated to reduce pesticides. Although aimed to eradicate, physical and chemical methods are inefficient. Curiously, microbial pesticide remediation has been cost effective and thermodynamically more affordable, which may use any physical mater soiled with pesticide. Under favourable conditions microbes have been reported to use pesticides as source of carbon, sulphur and electron donor. Microbes; bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi have been found to help remove or detoxify chlorinated pesticides; polychlorinated diphenyl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphorus. Major bacterial genera includes;
Biodegradative activities of some indigenous farm soil bacteria on selected pesticides
Pesticides play a pivotal role in contemporary agriculture, serving as vital tools for safeguarding crops against pest infestations and diseases. Nevertheless, the widespread application of pesticides has raised concerns due to their potential unintended consequences on the environment and human health. This study investigates the variability in bacterial populations in farm soil and their pesticide-degrading potentials. The isolates were characterized using different conventional and molecular methods. The bacterial isolates were tested against organophosphorus pesticides using quantitative and qualitative methods at different concentrations to detect their degradative ability. Three bacterial isolates were selected and molecularly characterized by the 16S rDNA technique. The metabolites produced from the degraded organophosphorous pesticides were analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Variations were observed in both Total Bacteria Count (TBC) (10.18 - 11.00 Log10 CFU/ml) and Pesticide-degrading Bacteria Count (PDBC) (6.09 - 8.42 Log10 CFU/ml) among different soil samples. The three selected isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis based on 16Sr RNA gene sequences. These bacterial strains exhibited distinct varied susceptibility patterns at varying concentrations of Methomyl and Emamectin Benzoate. This research highlights the role of specific bacterial strains in pesticide degradation and their potential environmental implications.
Air, Soil and Water Research
Currently, in the territory of Kyrgyzstan, 50 storage facilities of obsolete pesticides exist; they store about 5000 tons of these hazardous chemicals. The storage conditions have become unusable for a long time. They pose a serious threat to the people living there, livestock, and the environment. The main purpose of this research was the use of selected bacteria with cytochrome P450 genes for the bioremediation of polluted soils around the burial sites in model soil experiments. In the first trial of biodegradation experiments, one contaminated soil was used without any changes in chemical contents, and in the second, the physical and chemical contents of the soil were improved to maintain the bioremediation conditions. The soils in both variants were treated 3 times (ie, once a month) with suspensions of a single culture or a blend of active bacteria (1 × 108 cells/mL) selected from in vitro biodegradation experiments. Two control units without the addition of the bacteria cultur...