Effects of Seeds Irradiation with Gamma-Ray on Plant Growth and Yield Attributing Characters of Safflower (original) (raw)
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Safflower Yield Response to Irrigation and Gamma Irradiation
The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry"
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is drought resistant plant, but the adequate irrigation is important for the increasing of safflower yield. The effects of drip irrigation associated with pre-sowing gamma irradiation of seeds on plant growth and yield were investigated. The seeds were irradiated by gamma rays (60 Co) at various doses (50, 100, 150Gy). The safflower plants were grown under drip irrigation and rainfed conditions of the Republic of Moldova in season of 2017. Modifications of bio-morphological (height, number of secondary branch, developed and undeveloped inflorescence) and yield attributing (number of seeds per head and per plant, weight of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight) characters of safflower were studied. The results showed that the drip irrigation influenced positive and statistically significant (p≤0.001) on all studied characters of safflower. The plant grown under irrigation had the number of developed inflorescences, the number of seeds and the weight of seeds per plant, respectively 1.83, 1.81 and 2.50 times more than rainfed plants; as well as undeveloped inflorescence less 2.47 times. The contribution of pre-sowing irradiation was not so pronounced. The impact of factors (irradiation, irrigation) and their interaction for the improvement of bio-morphological and yield attributing characters were determined. The significant impact of growing condition on the number of seeds per plant at p≤0.01, weight of seeds per plant and 1000-seeds weight at p≤0.01 was established. The gamma radiation had the contribution to changes in 1000-seeds weight but the contribution of growing condition on this character was 15.7 times stronger.
Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi
The research was carried out with the ionizing radiation source Cobalt 60 (Co-60) at a dosage of 200, 300, 400, 500 Gy on three safflower varieties. According to the results of the research, in M1 plants; in parallel with the increase in gamma dosages, a certain decrease occurred in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of trays per plant, diameter of the tray, number of seeds per tray, seed yield per plant, and seed vitality. In field observations taken from M2 plants, significant diversity was observed. In M2 plants, significant reductions in emergence rate were observed in all three cultivars depending on the increase in dosages. In all three safflower cultivars, plant height, tray diameter, number of seeds per tray and thousand seed weight values increased compared to control plants in parallel with the increase in dosages. Significant mutations were observed in the 200-400 Gy dosage range in all three cultivars. In M1 plants, when the seed yield per plant and the r...
Changes in the genetic structure through gamma radiation of the plant can produce physiologically and biochemically efficient plant type with respect to increase production and attractiveness. For mutation breeding, scientists use gamma radiation to produce effective plant types. Beforehand, an effective range of radiation should be identified for possible suitable mutational effect. In this context, the present study was conducted to determine the effective doses of gamma radiation for mutational breeding of sunflower (H. annuus L.) on vegetative growth performances. Sunflower seeds were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) as treatments. The experiment was laid out in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments in four replications. Each replication comprised ten plants in field. Treating the sunflower seeds with gamma radiation has a significant (p<0.05) effect on the tested parameters except on germination percentage. Untreated plants with gamma radiation and plants treated with lower doses of gamma radiation (100 and 200 Gy) showed comparable values in percentage survival as 100%, 94.5% and 92.5%, respectively. LD50 value was recorded as 440 Gy. In the first two weeks of growth, untreated plants and plants treated with 100 Gy with gamma radiation showed similar values in a number of leaves and plant height. Later in the 4 th and 6 th week highest values were found where plants were not exposed to gamma radiation. A reducing trend in values in the measured variables has been observed with the increase in gamma radiation doses. The lowest values in all observations were recorded by the seeds exposed to 500 Gy, which is the highest dosage used in this experiment. The plants treated with the dosages higher than 100 Gy exhibited misshapen, deformed and abnormalities in leaves compared to the control, but the changes were not persisted. Hence, it could be suggested that exposing the sunflower seeds to gamma radiation dose has caused the negative effects on vegetative growth performances. Further, exposing sunflower seeds close to 440 Gy may have the potential to produce the sunflower variations especially dwarf plant stature with desired characteristics and optimum survival for domestication in future studies.
Sunflower germination and growth behavior under various gamma radiation absorbed doses
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017
krad) effects were evaluated on sunflower (Helianthus annus. L.) germination and growth characteristics. Sunflower healthy seeds were exposed to gamma radiation source Co 60 at nuclear institute for food and agriculture and exposed seeds were grown under controlled laboratory conditions. In comparison to control, gamma radiation absorbed doses affected the measured response positively i.e., radical length, plumule length, number of roots, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, germination percentage, time of germination and diameter of hypocotyl of sunflower enhanced up to 83.15%, 70.32%, 73.03%, 4.80%, 3.26%, 72.0%, − 18.88% and 12.58%, respectively. The time of germination, fresh weight and percent moisture contents enhanced insignificantly, however, the response was higher than control. All gamma radiation absorbed doses showed a stimulatory effect on sunflower germination and seedling growth characteristics. The low gamma radiation absorbed doses were found to be more effective versus higher doses for enhancing the germination and growth characteristics of sunflower. In view of positive effect of gamma radiation of sunflower germination and growth characteristics, it is concluded that this techniques could possibly be used for the enhancement of germination, growth and ultimately yield in sunflower in areas where germination is low due to unfavorable conditions.
Low dosages of gamma irradiation of seed increase the growth and yield of two cultivars of sunflower
Canadian Journal of Botany, 1981
Seeds of cv. Restoler and Noor of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were subjected to 0.5 to 50 krad 60Co gamma radiation (1 rad = 10 mGy) and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. Two low dosages, i.e., 1 krad in cv. Restoler and 3 krad in cv. Noor, caused statistically significant stimulation of vegetative growth and seed yield (both total number and weight). For cv. Noor, 3 krad also significantly stimulated the weight of an individual seed. Significant declines in the yield of mature seeds occurred only at critical dosages of > 10 to 20 krad.
Gamma Irradiation I : Effect on Germination and General Growth Characteristics of Plants – a Review
2018
Qualitative and quantitative improvement of economically important plant species has remained a prime priority of mankind for decades. These improvements are generally correlated with successes in germination and the growth attributes of plants which are controlled by genes. To attain the desirable growth characters in plants of interest, selective screening is carried out in their predecessors followed by successive evaluation, which imposes the cost of time and labor. In order to manage time and labor and to obtain high-quality progenies, gamma irradiation may prove a suitable alternative method to selective screening for bringing mutational changes in plants in short period of time. Exposure of plants’ propagating organs to gamma irradiation can either result in genomic damages corresponding to growth abnormalities or gene reshuffling after DNA repair with consequent healthy results. This paper reviews up to dated literature on the effect of gamma irradiation on germination and g...
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2018
Plan breeding of wheat and triticale in Argentina is based on the objective of improving an individual crop, with respect to resistance to drought stress. The use of gamma radiation holds promise for physiological crop improvement. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effect of different gamma radiation doses on the germination and seedling growth of Argentine wheat and triticale cultivars. Seeds of wheat cv. Baguette 10 and triticale cv. Espinillo INTA were irradiated at doses of 0, 50, 200, 400, 550, 700, 850 and 1000 Gy s-1. The final germination percentage (FGP), sprout length (SL) and median lethal dose (LD 50) were used as metrics of germination, seedling growth and lethal dose, respectively. Two experimental designs were used. First, a completely randomized factorial was used to compare the effect of the doses within species by using ANOVA; second, a completely repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effect of days after germination on plant survival by species using a mixed linear model. The results suggest that at the early germination stage, gamma radiation limited root growth and stem length. The FGP of wheat seeds was significantly affected by gamma radiation at a dose of 550 Gy, whereas triticale seeds were significantly affected at a dose of 700 Gy. The SL of both species was similarly affected at 50 Gy. The stem mortality of wheat and triticale seeds increased at an increasing gamma radiation dose and days after germination. Finally, the LD 50 value for wheat and triticale seeds was ~450 Gy. These results might be useful to set a benchmark of the effect of the gamma radiation dose to induce mutations in wheat and triticale seeds from Argentine cultivars.
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1981
IQBAL J. Effects of acute gamma irradiation, developmental stages and cultivar differences on growth and yield of wheat and sorchum plants. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 20~ 219 232, 1980.-Three cultivars of Triticum aestivum (Yecora, Chenab-70, and Pari) and of Sorghum vulgate (Pq. 7. dwarf, Ks. 12. medium dwarf, and Ts. 100. tall) were exposed to acute gamma rays (6°Co) at three developmental stages, i.e. l-leaf, ear emergence, and anthesis. Exposures ranged from 0.5-7 krad for wheat and 1-10 krad for sorghum. In wheat plants exposures of 0.5 and 1.25 krad had in general a stimulatory effect on height, tillering, ear number and grain yield per plant at the l-leaf stage, but an adverse effect on the above characters at the ear emergence and anthesis stages of development. Among the three cultivars, Yecora and Pari were the most radiosensitive (LDlo o 2.5 krad) and Chenab-70 the most radioresistant (LD100-5krad). The three cultivars also differed in their ontogenetic sensitivity. In sorghum, cultivar Ts. 100. tall showed a large reduction in mean seedling height, tillering and ear number per plant at all exposures at the three stages of irradiation. A large reduction in seed set was found in Pq. 7. dwarf and Ks. 12. medium dwarf. Cultivar Pq. 7. dwarf was tbund to be the most radiosensitive for yield reduction (YD).
Journal of Plant Production Improvement and Selection of Gamma-ray Treated Beans
This work was performed at Sids Horticulture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt, during the period from 2016 to 2017 to study the influence of gamma rays on growth and productivity in two generations (M 1 and M 2 ) of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars under normal growing conditions to improve the crop. Seeds of two commercial cultivars (Nebraska and Paulista) were subjected to five different potions of gamma rays i.e., 25, 50,100, 150 and 300 Gy from cobalt-60. Significant differences between irradiated and non-irradiated plants were detected for most of the studied characters in the M 1 and M 2 generations. The seeds of both Nebraska and Paulista cultivars germinated up to 100 and 150 Gy doses, respectively. Days to germination decreased significantly at 25 Gy followed by 50 and 100 Gy as compared to control for both cultivars (with no significant differences among them in Paulista). The doses 50 and 25 Gy along with control treatments were the highest for germination percentage for both cultivars with no significant differences among. Individually selection procedure was applied in the second generation. Four promising lines were selected i.e., NB-4, NB-9, NB-2 and NB-7 from Nebraska cv and five promising lines PS-4, PS-9, PS-10, PS-6 and PS-1 from Paulista population. Correlation studies generally indicated that plant height, branches per plant, both length and thickness of pod, seeds per pod, weight of 100-seeds, both number and weight of pods per plant were significantly positive correlated with dry seed yield.