Recent advances in targeted drug delivery approaches using dendritic polymers (original) (raw)

Dendrimers-Emerging Polymers for Drug Delivery and Its Future Prospects

2012

Polymeric drug delivery system can enhance bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and decrease the side effects of drugs. Past polymer technologies focused mainly on linear polymers. Currently, highly branched polymers have been found whose properties are different from conventional polymers. Of these polymeric Drug delivery systems, Dendrimers are more potential now-a-days. The following article deals with all aspects related to Dendrimers like goals, methods of synthesis, bioavailability studies, applications, and their future prospective. It also deals with recent advances in dendritic polymer based Drug delivery system.

Dendrimers as versatile platform in drug delivery applications

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2009

About forty percent of newly developed drugs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industry and will never benefit a patient because of poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and/or cell membrane permeability. New delivery technologies could help to overcome this challenge. Nanostructures with uniform and well-defined particle size and shape are of eminent interest in biomedical applications because of their ability to cross cell membranes and to reduce the risk of premature clearance from the body. The high level of control over the dendritic architecture (size, branching density, surface functionality) makes dendrimers ideal carriers in these applications. Many commercial small molecule drugs with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity have been successfully associated with dendrimers such as poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), poly(propylene imine) (PPI or DAB) and poly(etherhydroxylamine) (PEHAM) dendrimers, either via physical interactions or through chemical bonding ('prodrug approach'). Targeted delivery is possible via targeting ligands conjugated to the dendrimer surface or via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The biocompatibility of dendrimers follows patterns known from other small particles. Cationic surfaces show cytotoxicity; however, derivatization with fatty acid or PEG chains, reducing the overall charge density and minimizing contact between cell surfaces and dendrimers, can reduce toxic effects.

Dendrimers: Nanopharmaceuticals for Drug Delivery

2010

Dendrimers are new class of polymeric materials. It is generally described as a macromolecule, which is characterized by its extensively branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. Dendrimers are highly branched, globular macromolecules with many arms emanating from a central core. The unique properties associated with these dendrimers such as uniform size, high degree of branching, water solubility, multivalency, well-defined molecular weight and available internal cavities make them attractive for biological and drug-delivery applications. Present review will have main focus on advantages, different synthesis strategies of dendrimers, types of dendrimers and recent studies on important applications of dendrimers.

Dendrimers and their Applications as Novel Drug Delivery Carriers

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Dendrimers are novel synthetic polymeric systems having improved physical and chemical properties due to their unique three dimensional architecture. Dendrimers have a well defined size, shape, molecular weight and monodispersity. These are compatible with drug moieties as well as bioactive molecules like DNA, heparin and other polyanions. The nanoscopic size and recognition abilities make dendrimers as ideal building blocks for self-assembly and self-organization systems. The cavities inside the dendritic structure can be modified to incorporate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. The terminal groups are modified to attach antibodies and bioactive substances for targeting purpose along with providing miscibility, reactivity and solubility. Currently, dendrimers are of great interest for delivering drug molecules via different routes as a nanocarrier. Toxicity problems associated with cationic dendrimers are overcome by PEGylation, which neutralizes the charge on them. Dendrimers possess suitable properties to establish itself as a potential carrier for delivery of therapeutic agents irrespective of certain synthetic and regulatory constraints. This review contains various structural aspects and properties of dendrimers along with their pharmaceutical application as a potential novel drug delivery carrier.

Advances in drug delivery, gene delivery and therapeutic agents based on dendritic materials

Future Medicinal Chemistry, 2019

Dendrimers are synthetic polymers that grow in three dimensions into well-defined structures. Their morphological appearance resembles a number of trees connected by a common point. Dendritic nanoparticles have been studied for a large number of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, clinical diagnosis and MRI. Despite the application of dendrimers, research is still in its childhood in comparison with liposomes and other nanomaterials. They are now playing a key role in several therapeutic strategies, with dendrimer-based products in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art of biomedical applications of dendrimers – and dendrimer conjugates – such as drug and gene delivery and antiviral activity.

Dendrimers: nanotechnology derived novel polymers in drug delivery

2006

ABSTRACT Nanotechnology has become of great importance in the 21st century and so has the emergence of dendrimers. The review aims to get an insight into the dendrimer synthesis, characteristic, its structure, classification, biocompatibility and importance in pharmaceutical industry. As the drug industry strives to meet the increasingly difficult task of producing new drugs, it is seeking new drug discovery technologies that can improve research and development success rate and time to market.

A Comprehensive review on Dendrimers in current advanced Drug delivery

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

In this particular review, it is been noted that Dendrimers are novel three-dimensional globular nano-polymeric structure; having multiple functional groups on the surface enhances their function. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. The importance of dendrimers in a large variety of fields has been detected, where the various types of dendrimers helps in various fields of drug delivery with the different types of dendrimers with the generation. Hence the dendrimer gains more attention from researchers among various nano-materials. Convenient synthesis of the structure makes them as a good nano-material for drug delivery. In recent, dendrimers showed their activity in different drug delivery systems having properties like cancer targeting, anti-bacterial, ocular drug delivery, etc.. The future direction about the dendrimers are been discussed. The present review is focused on types of dendrimers like Polypropylene Imine dendrimer (PPI), Poly...

Dendrimers: Nanosized Multifunctional Platform for Drug Delivery

Drug Delivery Letters, 2018

Background: Dendrimers are nano-sized drug delivery systems that present significant advantages, including ease of construction, large number of polymers available for their synthesis and amenability to affix various types of ligands for targeting to specific site. The nanosystem with unique functional architecture and macromolecular characteristics has garnered considerable interest amongst researchers and various research reports and patents inputs can be found in literature. Objective: Till date more than ten families of dendrimers have been reported for their wide applications in medicine including diagnostic/clinical, and also in industrial arenas. Unlike traditional polymers, many dendrimers have remarkable features like improved aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, polyvalency and precise molecular weight. These features make dendrimers an ideal vehicle for drug delivery and targeting applications. Conclusion: The current review is an attempt to define types of dendrimers and their applications in drug delivery and cosmetics. The write up also highlights future perspectives of the multifunctional nanosystem.

Role of Dendrimers in Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Experimental Oncology, 2018

Aim: Dendrimers dendritic structural design holds vast promises, predominantly for drug delivery, owing to their unique properties. Dendritic architecture is widespread topology found in nature and offers development of specific properties of chemical substances. Dendrimers are an ideal delivery vehicle candidate for open study of the effects of polymer size, charge, and composition on biologically relevant properties such as lipid bilayer interactions, cytotoxicity, bio-distribution, internalization, blood plasma retention time, and filtration. This article reviews role of dendrimers in advanced drug delivery and biomedical applications.

Dendrimer a versatile polymer in drug delivery

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2009

D endrimers are a unique class of synthetic macromolecules having highly branched, three-dimensional, nanoscale architecture with very low polydispersity and high functionality. Structural advantages allow dendrimers to play an important role in the fields of nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. This review discusses several aspects of dendrimers, including preparation, dendrimer-drug coupling chemistry, structural models of dendrimer-based drug delivery systems, and physicochemical and toxicological properties. Dendrimers have emerged as one of the most interesting themes for researchers as a result of their unique architecture and macromolecular characteristics. Several groups are involved in exploring their potential as versatile carriers in drug delivery. The use of dendrimers in drug delivery has been reviewed extensively. The increasing relevance of the potential of dendrimers in drug delivery emphasizes the need to explore the routes by which they can be administered. The high level of control possible over the architectural design of dendrimers; their size, shape, branching length/density, and their surface functionality clearly distinguish these structures as unique and optimum carriers in those applications. The bioactive agents may be encapsulated into the interior of the dendrimers or chemically attached/physically adsorbed onto the dendrimer surface, with the option of tailoring the carrier to the specific needs of the active material and its therapeutic applications. This review clearly demonstrates the potential of this new fourth major class of polymer architecture and indeed substantiates the high hopes for the future of dendrimers.