Chemical industry wastewater treatment (original) (raw)
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INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
The textile industry produces typical effluents due to its diversified operations. Starches, P.V., alcohol, cellulose, polycyclic acids and polyesters are used as processing agents that significantly contribute towards BOD and COD production in the system. The non-cellulose components of cotton are removed by detergents during scouring process. The sewage water from big textile residential colonies also poses problem. Crescent Bahuman, Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan is a big textile industry that manufactures 26,000 jeans per day. Simultaneously, it produces 1,628 m 3 /day textile wastewater, 1,968 m 3 /day laundry wastewater and 225 m 3 /day domestic sewage water. The total BOD load of this wastewater is 2,533 kg/day. The safe treatment of this huge effluent has been a big problem. The ISO bindings do not allow disposal of this untreated wastewater in to nearby water bodies. The installation of wastewater treatment plant solved this problem. The wastewater plant designed by Corporate Engineering Greenwood Mills, USA and Dontare LtD., UK, uses the activated sludge process during treatment. The aqueous effluents are purified by naturally occurring micro organisms cultivated for the purpose in containers like tanks and lagoons etc. Different polymers at the rate of 40 l / hr (liter/hr) as 10 % solution are used for flocculation. Sulphuric acid @ 26 l / hr (98 % liquid) is used for pH control. Chlorine gas is used to kill the germs @ 650 g / hr. The daily evaluation of parameters like BOD, COD, TDS, TSS and pH indicated that these are adjusted after treatment to the standards fixed by W.H.O. The BOD of textile wastewater (989 mg / l), GWP wastewater (441 mg / l) and domestic sewage (60 mg / l) was reduced to 60 mg / l. Similarly COD was adjusted to the level of 250 mg / l which was found originally to be 3,313 and 1,784 mg / l respectively in textile and GWP wastewater. The TSS was decreased to 80 mg / l. The pH of different wastewaters was equated within the range of 6-9. Hence, the wastewater treatment plant proved effective to remove all the pollutants. Wastewater stored in settlement and polishing ponds was used for irrigation purpose as and when needed.
Treatment of High Strength Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industrial Wastewater by Biological treatment
2016
The chemical industry is of importance in terms of its impact on the environment. The wastewaters from this industry are generally strong and may contain toxic parameters. Chemical industrial wastes usually contain organic and inorganic matter in varying degrees of concentration. The best strategy to clean highly contaminated and toxic industrial wastewater is in general to treat them at the source and sometimes by applying onsite treatment within the production lines with recycling of treated effluent. The main objectives of this study to find a sustainable solution for the industrial wastewater in order to comply with the National Regulatory Standards governed by the ministerial decree (44/2000) for wastewater discharge into public sewage network to protect the environment as well as selecting the wastewater streams that need to be treated prior to its discharge to the sewer system. To achieve the required objectives, the study is conducted following some steps and approaches as e...
Review: Wastewater Treatment in Different Industries
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage), the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant, or in a sewage treatment plant (usually after some form of pre-treatment). Further types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants. Processes commonly used in wastewater treatment include phase separation (such as sedimentation), biological and chemical processes (such as oxidation) or polishing. The main by-product from wastewater treatment plants is a type of sludge which is usually treated in the same or another wastewater treatment plant. Biogas can be another by-product if anaerobic treatment processes are used. Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater. Performance of state owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various industries is a matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development of design of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) system. Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories:-Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.
Three Egyptian industrial wastewater management programmes
The Environmentalist, 2002
A pre-treatment programme for wastewater from factories, representing three main industrial sectors in Egypt, has been developed. The first case study was a factory producing potato-chips. Wastewater discharged from this factory was characterized by high values of BOD, SS and oil and grease (6000 mgO 2 l −1 , 6577 mg l −1 and 119 mg l −1 respectively). Chemical treatment using lime and lime aided by polyelectrolyte achieved good results. Residual values of BOD and SS after treatment were 97 mg l −1 and 49 mg l −1 , respectively. Oil and grease concentrations were reduced by 91 percent. Treatment via activated sludge at a detention time of 4 hrs produced good quality effluent. The second case study was an automobile company, representing the metal finishing industry. Analyses of wastewater samples from the degreasing, phosphating and painting departments, as well as the end-of-pipe effluent were conducted. The end-of-pipe effluent contained high concentrations of oil and grease (366 mg l −1 ), phosphorous (111 mg l −1 ) and zinc (81 mg l −1 ). Chemical treatment of end-of-pipe wastewater using ferric chloride aided by lime, produced high quality effluent. The third sector was the chemical industry. For this purpose a paint factory was selected. Characteristics of raw wastewater varied widely according to the production rate. Average values of COD and BOD were 1950 mg l −1 and 683 mg l −1 . Oil and grease ranged from 63 to 1624 mg l −1 . Chemical treatment using ferric chloride in combination with lime at the optimum operating conditions achieved good results. Residual values after treatment of COD, BOD and oil and grease reached 120, 36 and 8.6 mg l −1 , respectively. An engineering design for each case study has been prepared.
BIOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Textile industry production of a wide range of polluting dye waste is considered one threatening polluting water industry. The accelerated development of textile industries is enhancing higher rate of water pollution in the environment. A treatment procedure through a bench scale model and treatability study was developed for the industrial wastewater streams of the industry to study the analysis of waste discharges and investigate the most appropriate treatment techniques. The main objectives of this study to management and control of liquid and solid wastes in the industry as well as find a sustainable solution for the textile industrial wastewater in order to comply with the National Regulatory Standards governed by the ministerial decree (44/2000) for wastewater discharge into public sewage network. The results of the analysis indicated that the wastewater is characterized by its high temperature, COD and relatively high alkalinity. COD values ranged from 993 to 1606 mg/l with an average value of 1047 mg/l depending upon the ongoing operations. Corresponding BOD values varied from 235 to 600 mg/l with an average value of 422 mg/l. Oil & grease concentrations, of more than 90% of the samples exceeded the consent standards. In general all examined samples were not complying with the National Regulatory Standards governed by the ministerial decree (44/2000) for wastewater discharge into public sewage network.Accordingly, treatment procedure through a bench scale model and treatability study was developed for the industrial wastewater streams of the industry to study the analysis of waste discharges and investigate the most appropriate treatment techniques using the proposed stages of treatment includes primary treatment (plain settling), chemical treatment, and biological treatment. As results from the treatability study, the most appropriate treatment techniques were conducted by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride and lime followed by sedimentation brings the wastewater quality to the acceptable limits. The results obtained, the use of Ferric Chloride aided with Lime is the highly effective dose to reduce COD, BOD, TTP, TSS, and O&G level by almost 57%, 64%, 33%, 14.5%, and 8.7% respectively. The quality of the treated effluent is complying the regulatory limits for discharging industrial effluent to public sewer. As a conclusion, from the study, it is concluded that the physico-chemical treatment process is the most reliable alternative treatment method for this kind of industry.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 2013
The objective of this study was to simulate coagulation/ flocculation process for ceramic industrial wastewater treatment with respect to the removal of COD/BOD, TP and TSS using ferric chloride (FeCl3) and anionic polymer. Also, to examine the suitability of the treated wastewater to be used as drinking water using (rats) an animal model. A total of 216 industrial wastewater samples were taken from six different ceramics industrial wastewater treatment plants (Cleopatra 10th Ramadan wastewater plant 1 (flour), Cleopatra 10th Ramadan wastewater plant 2 (porcelain), Cleopatra 10th Ramadan wastewater plant 3 (wall), Galleria Sokhna - Suez wastewater plant, Eldorado Sokhna - Suez wastewater plant and Fancy Sokhna - Suez wastewater plant) were treated using FeCl3 (coagulant) and anionic polymer (flocculent). The best treatment for the removal of contaminants in industrial wastewater from all sources as suspended solids (SS), organic matters (COD or BOD5), nutrients (TN+TP) and heavy metals was investigated relative to the Egyptian standards of tap water. Results of chemical analysis of the treated industrial wastewater showed a great reduction for all contaminants in compare to the pretreated samples by ratios ranged from 50 to 100% removal. The study showed that the best result for treatment compare to the chemical analysis of Egyptian standard of drinking water analysis, is the ceramic industrial wastewater treated with the recommended doses (15 ppm FeCl 3 as a coagulant dosage + 5 ppm anionic polymer as flocculent dosage + 5 ppm Cl 2 as disinfectant + 5 ppm NaOH to adjust the pH to be 7 to 8.5). Results of the biological evaluation of the treated industrial wastewater showed unsuitability of such treated water as a drinking water for the experimental rats. From the study it could conclude that the treatment of the industrial wastewater (ceramics industry) was efficient chemically and the resultant treated water was comparable to the standards of Egyptian drinking water but was not suitable as drinking water, hence might be used in the industry and wood trees irrigating not in drinking water regimes. Keywords: Industrial wastewater, heavy metal, dissolved matter, suspended solids, FeCl3 , polyelectrolyte.
Review on Chemical treatment of Industrial Waste Water
Industrialization played an important role for scio-economy of the country. Generally, a lot of water is used and lot of wastewater generated from industries due their processes and washing purpose. A large number of chemicals are used for the production of potable water and in the treatment of wastewater effluents. In potable water treatment chemicals such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic coagulants are used for primary coagulation, as coagulant aids and for sludge dewatering; lime and soda ash allowed for pH correction and water stabilization; caustic soda is used for pH adjustment, powdered activated carbon (PAC) can remove taste and odour compounds and micro pollutants such as atrazine, bentonite aid's coagulation, and ammonium hydroxide is used in chloramination. The main object of review is focus on research work done as well as the basic concept behind treatment and application by the researcher on different industry's waste-water treatment. ©JASEM
Wastewater Management Techniques: A Review
The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
The wastewater treatment research is based on industrial processes and agriculturalwastewater treatment methods. Most of the river basins are closed to severe water storages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. In these research the aerobic, anaerobic or the combination of methods used. Other than that an adsorption and coagulation have been applied to remove the pollution. The research on chemical industrial wastewater treatment was first studied on organic removal efficiency of a lab scale system using aerobic and anaerobic reactors. The aerobic waste water treatment as a reductive medium is receiving increased interest due to its low operation and maintenance costs and aerobic waste water treatment is easy to obtain. The primary goal of the wastewater treatment process is to eliminate various pollutants such as solids, organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, pathogens and so on effective wastewater treatme...
This study is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of plant treatment of the industrial and household wastewater of the Diala state company of Electrical Industries. Sampling was taken monthly for before and after-processing treatment during the period from November, 2014 to March, 2015. Some physicochemical factors were taken, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity, and salinity. In addition, the concentration of five heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) was determined. Temperature of wastewater in treatment plant showed only a significant difference between temperature before and after treatment in December, 2014. PH was not significant in all study periods before and after the treatment process. Dissolved oxygen concentration was raised after the treatment process during all the study periods, except in February2015. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) concentrations were decreased after treatment. Electrical conductivity (EC) and salinity (S‰) values were decreased only in December 2104 and February 2015. All heavy metals concentrations were not affected scientifically by the treatment. The results revealed that the treatment plant was not efficient to remove the heavy metals from the industrial and household wastewater of the factory.
Wastewater Treatment by Effluent Treatment Plants
International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016
Most of the river basins are closing or closed to severe water shortages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Performance of state owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various industries is a matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development of design of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) system. Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories:-Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.