Designing compression of preventive compression stockings (original) (raw)
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The Structure and Compression of Medical Compression Stockings
Materials, 2022
This paper lays out standards of compression stockings and their classification into classes. The analysis of knitted fabric structure parameters, elongation and compression of moderate- and high-compression stockings was conducted. Stocking compression on specific parts of the stocking leg was measured on three sizes of a wooden leg model. For moderate-compression stockings, compression above the ankle was 32 hPa. For high-compression stockings, compression above the ankle was 60 hPa. Both groups of the analyzed compression stockings were made on modern one-cylinder hosiery automats. The legs of the stockings were made in single inlaid jersey 1 + 1. Both yarns were elastane covered. The finer yarn formed loops and its knitting into a course was significantly larger than in the other yarn, which was much coarser and does not form loops but “lay the weft in a bent way”. The smallest elongation of knitted fabric was above the ankle, where the highest compression was achieved, while th...
Comparison of compression stockings in the laboratory and by wear trial
2019
This work is about compression stockings and their influence on the human body together with the sportive performance. In this paper the basics of compression in the medical area as well as in the sportive field will be presented. Five compression stockings were tested. In order to choose the right socks, a detailed inquiry about the currently available compression stockings on the market was conducted. The stockings were tested with the dynamometer and pressure sensor in the laboratory and furthermore all the socks were tested by running trials in the gym on the treadmill. The most important details and facts as well as the results of the laboratory investigations and the running tests will be presented in this paper.This work was financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Program - COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136
Classification of compression stockings
International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology, 2015
The classification of medical elastic compression stockings (MECS) according to pressure classes varies from country to country and neither provides any information on the elastic property nor on the ambulatory interface pressure profiles of the different products. Beside elasticity, MECS are also characterized by other properties such as stiffness and hysteresis. Recent research showed that MECS behaved differently in static and ambulatory conditions. Since compression therapy is most effective during ambulation, MECS should be labelled in such a way that the user can interpret its effect during walking. The importance of a more rational classification of MECS was discussed at a conference organized by the International Compression Club (ICC) attended by medical experts and representatives from MECS manufacturers. Proposals were made for labelling the MECS according to the pressure and the stiffness in an internationally acceptable format printed on the box informing both the presc...
Design of Compression/Pressure Garments for Diversified Medical Applications
BJSTR, 2017
Compression garments have been extensively in varied medical and sports applications. The article critically reviews the design aspects of knit compression garments for suitability in sports and medical applications. The influences of physical attributes of suitable knitted fabrics on the amount of pressure generated on the underlying body have been studied. The tensile properties of the knit fabrics having various orientations to stretch, predictive pressure generated by compression garments have been primarily considered. Subsequently a method of validating the reliability of laplace law for calculating applied pressures for calculation of applied pressures that are generated by compression garments have been highlighted. Modeling of compression garments has been done with the intended value of unit pressure for the body circumference of a variable curvature radius. The basis of modeling considered can be applied in designing compression garments supporting external treatment such as after burn therapy and lymphadema. The physical and mechanical properties of nylon/spandex knitted fabrics used as commercial medical compression garments have been analyzed. The findings help to understand whether a fabric is suitable for engineering compression garments and also for estimating the required compression force for designing an individualized compression with the medical compression fabrics. The dynamic pressure attenuation of compression garment is studied experimentally. The findings enable a better understanding of the characteristics of elastic fabric used for making compression garments, and prove useful for medical practitioners with scientific developments and for effective applications. The physical and mechanical properties of nylon/spandex knitted fabrics as commercial medical compression garments have been investigated. Specifically fabric elasticity and bursting strength have been studied to show the applicability of the fabrics for providing satisfactory compression. Such study is necessary to understand whether a fabric is suitable for engineering compression garments and also for estimating the required compression force for designing an individualized compression garments with medical compression fabrics. Study has been carried out to evolve an effective design and development of various high stretch compression products by analyzing fabric size, stretch properties and clothing pressure for different knit structures.
Development of Yarns used for Medical Applications
2010
Nowadays more and more people have or get sick of venous diseases such as venous insufficiency, low foot blood pressure or even the phenomenon of swelling for diabetic people or for the post-birth period. Medical stockings provide a method to fight against these problems since ancient times but the results after every use was in compliance with the level of technology used to produce the stocking. This situation creates a challenge for the stocking manufacturers with developing new technologies and technical materials that give the best results and maximize the effects of compression stockings on the people that wear them. This paper is integrating the total design of a product, regarding the cycle of the product, profitability and satisfaction of the client problems, proposing new ideas of client approach using new technologies like mass customization through computer integrated manufacturing systems including 3 dimensional body scanning and individual approaches to the client; and...
Contribution of textile technology to the development of modern compression bandages
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2007
Although compression therapy is a key factor in the successful treatment of some circulatory problems in lower limbs, this form of therapy includes some risks if used inappropriately. Based on deliberate application of pressure to a lower limb, using a variety of textile materials, elastic or rigid, in order to produce a desired clinical effects, modern compression therapy presents a good sample of successful penetration of textile technology into the phlebology field of medicine. However, although compression therapy has been in use for over 150 years, there exists a low awareness among practitioners and patients on product usage, application techniques and benefits of appropriate selection of bandages for determined types of leg venous diseases. Also, not all manufacturers of compression textile materials seem to be conscious of end - users' needs. Simultaneously, impressive developments in the field of elastan fibers and modern knitting and weaving technologies, offer chances...
The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the mechanical properties’ heterogeneity of knitted fabrics and the method of determining their characteristics of stress and relaxation (deformation) on the value of unit pressure of compression garments. Changes in the value of force as a function of relative elongation were described by experimental dependencies for stress and relaxation phases for the 6th hysteresis loop, taking into account the confidence intervals. Model calculations were performed for a wide range of body circumferences G1 = 5 - 110 cm and for two values of unit pressure: 20 and 30 hPa using Laplace’s law and experimental functions determined which describe the relationship between force and relative elongation of a knitted fabric. The research indicates one of the reasons for changes in the unit pressure in the compression garments designed.
Development of a Care Labelling Process for Compression Stockings Based on Natural (Cotton) Fibers
Polymers
This study is to investigate to what extent the performance of compression stockings with cotton components deteriorates after repeated washing processes. Four compression stockings having at least one cotton constituent yarn and two all-nylon stockings as reference samples were produced under controlled commercial conditions. After analysing the data obtained, a care labelling process for the compression socks with cotton components was developed such that they can preserve their compression properties over successive laundering treatments.
A REVIEW ON MEDICAL EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION GARMENTS
Keywords: Compression garments; Medical effects ABSTRACT In the recent years, examining on smart or savvy materials is effectively developing both in industrial and academic sectors as materials researchers watch their huge potential uses in different regions. Researchers conjecture they will assume a remarkable part in the near future. In the study, literature reviews on both shape memory materials and compression stockings are required for the progress of this project. The principal data and understanding on these two topics like their manufacturing process, their working, benefits and requirement.
Evaluation of Medical Socks Applied to Varicose Veins Therapy at Egyptian Market
2014
From the eighteenth century compression hosiery has been applied as therapeutic physical therapy. Mechanical compression procedures were mostly applied by wearing graduated compression hosiery as they tend to be convenient, economical, sustaining and ambulant therapeutic functions. Research and Development in the design of pressure hosiery not only increase their therapeutic abilities, but also improves consumer comfort. Engineering design for improving compression stockings was attained due to the progress in fibers, yarns and knitting processing. On the Egyptian market different types of medical socket for Varicose Veins from different suppliers can be found. The evaluation of these socks were carried out based on the standard levels in the main time different non standard test was applied. The work will be carried on two parts. Firstly, the fabric construction of the sampled socks will be determined. Secondly the properties and performance will be evaluated. The first part will be presented at this paper. In this study seven imported, six local and four exports Egyptian medicals socks are sampled. The graduated pressure is obtained by varying both loop length and feeding tension. The fabric construction concerning fiber types, yarn types, stitch length, wales and course densities, mass and thickness for different socks were determined, at the points specified in the standards. The local socks differ from that of other socks in all the fabric construction they contain polyester yarn, coarser yarns, higher stitch lengths and lesser wales per inch. The decrease of the number of wales from ankle to knee is significantly different between the three groups.