Urban Illegality in the Fortaleza Metropolitan Area:Special Social Interest Zones as an Alternative Solution (original) (raw)
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Informal settlements in Fortaleza: a brief overview of the quality of life of the excluded
V. 13, n. 02, 2021
The objective of this research is to verify the situation of precarious settlements in the city of Fortaleza and to investigate the most appropriate measures to reduce the levels of poverty identified in these places. For the investigation, bibliographic research and the quantitative analysis of secondary data that represent the reality of these settlements were used. The thematic relevance of the work is due to the identification, especially after the year 2000, of the increase in the poverty rate, a fact that led to the social and economic exclusion of part of society. As a consequence, there was a gradual increase in the number and size of regions in the urban area where basic rights for the survival of individuals are not guaranteed. It was concluded that, given the complexity found in the settlements, the solution proposals, hitherto applied in Fortaleza (the repressive intervention in the State to reduce the violence in the events of January 2019, as well as the proposal presented in the “Fortaleza 2040 Plan”) ), are not sustainable in the long term. In this sense, joint action between the State and civil society in the planning and execution of more inclusive public policies is pointed out as a viable path.
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Introduction This article tries to appoint the results of a research in which the objectives were to identify the framed picture of the inequality of the inhabitations conditions associated to the intra-urban structure of the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region – FMR – defined according to its social-occupational characteristics. In the first part, we intend to present the FMR within the national context, as much as emphasize some aspects associated to its recent process of urban growth. Next, following a methodology commonly adopted within the research network, we propose the social-espacial structure, formed with seven different typologies, describing them in their social-occupational context associated to the urban elements which structure the FMR, as we have as main variable the density of the different social-occupational categories residing in each of the areas that compound the types. For last, we try to analyze the picture of the inequality among the referred typologies, regarding...
Caminhos de Geografia, 2018
Housing problems in the world have resulted in precarious settlements in urban territories. In Brazil, these settlements reached 30% of urban homes at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of this article is to recognize the situation of the settlements in the city of Fortaleza, capital of the Ceará State-Brazil, from the identification, spatialization, classification of typologies and demographic characterization. An integrative method is used for the systematization of georeferenced data in the Geographic Information System (GIS) and thematic mapping. Were identified 838 precarious settlements in the city, composed of 29 tenements, 16 irregular allotments, 48 housing estates, 128 community housing projects and 617 shantytowns , with 352,597 families, 243,180 dwellings and 964,562 inhabitants. They represent 34% of the properties, 39.34% of the population and 19.19% of the territory, in areas with poor infrastructure, services and urban equipment, inhabited by the lower income population. The study provides the analytical basis of vulnerability to environmental disasters and potentiates discussion of urban space issues.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASED SOCIOSPATIAL INEQUALITIES IN FORTALEZA, BRAZIL: THE ROLE OF PLANNING
Changes in the urban geography are able to affect social relations in a myriad of ways. A given segregation pattern can contribute to marginalizing ethical minority populations, or foster integration and assimilation, for example. Cities designed with excessive emphasis on automobile transportation can isolate those without access to cars, and even affect the health of the residents. This thesis focus on the socio-economic effects of urban development specifically because they have been the main urban contradiction in the empirical case of Fortaleza. Urban spatial development has denied economically vulnerable families access to job opportunities brought by local economic growth. Based on this discussion, the central question of this research is the following: How can urban spatial development influence the socio-economic life-chances of the residents? The case of Fortaleza will demonstrate that a new pattern of infrastructure investments in specific strategic sites within the city has profoundly changed the local spatial structure, making access to the city more difficult for the urban poor. The close connection of changes in the local economy with politico-economic developments happening at the global scale often leads popular wisdom to refer to “globalization” as the main factor of heightened socio-spatial inequalities that Fortaleza has been experiencing. The current analysis will demonstrate how increased inequality is not the result of abstract and unavoidable globalization forces, and how they are, instead, contingent upon the attitudes of local actors in placing investments in the intra-urban space.
A racionalização urbana e o impacto dos espaços fortificados nas dinâmicas sociais da cidade
2020
The present work is part of a discussion agenda that approaches notions related to the sociology of cities, involving the observation of the rationalization of everyday urban life, where the principles that underlie the established order are perceived in different social instances, through the transformations interpersonal relationships generated by increased social restriction and individualization. We intend to discuss the issue of difference and otherness based on the observation of the rationalization of cities and the consequent imposition of consumer culture, interwoven with the use and occupation of urban spaces by architectures that give rise to fortifications, such as shopping centers, shopping centers, gentrified spaces, closed residential condominiums, among others, that make up our object of study. Methodologically, the work is based on the contextualization of the culture of difference and social coexistence in large cities in Latin America, based on the critical refere...
Blucher Design Proceedings
In recent years, several advances have occurred concerning the legitimacy of precarious informal settlements in Brazil. In spite of this progress in the legal dimension, little has been made concerning standards to ensure urban space quality. The difficulties of reversing this exclusionary logic are due to several complex factors. A factor less discussed, especially in the national literature, but that has begun to draw the attention of scholars, is the invisibility of the informal city. This research assumes that it is necessary to regulate the urban form of precarious informal settlements, in order to prevent the deterioration of urban environmental quality. We highlight the importance to compile data about their urban form and their built environment, in order to contribute to a reality-based regulatory policy for these settlements, and this is the primary purpose of this study. To address this question, we propose a method of measuring the settlements' urban form, based on the City Information Modeling's theorical and practical framework, which is applied to a case study in Fortaleza, Brazil.
Housing provision in Fortaleza during the 2000s: progress and setbacks
A b s t r a c t : Historically, the persistence of informal settlements in Brazilian cities has been described as a by-product of concentration of private real estate market production on high end market, and insufficient public provision of social housing. However, since the mid-2000s, the country witnessed a significant rise in investments targeting low-income housing demands and an increase in private investments in the low/middle income markets. In an attempt to understand the socio-spatial effects of these recent developments, we question to what extent they were able to provide access to the city for the low-income population. We use both quantitative (GIS, and secondary databank) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) methods to reveal a detachment between housing investments and urban planning inclusionary guidelines. If, on the one hand, we identified measures that could help control the increase in housing informality, on the other hand, municipal government's refusal to curb land speculation practices obstructed the possibility of socio-spatial inclusion. These progresses and setbacks are described in detail through the discussion of the housing provision in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza during the 2000s.
Fortaleza (Ceará-Brazil) Urbanization Process: A Historical Perspective
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This article aims to analyze the process of production of space and urbanization in Ceará, highlighting the role of Fortaleza in different historical cycles. The location factors, urban expansion and hegemony of Fortaleza are closely related to historical cycles of Ceará, involving the various relationships between space and social practices (economic, political and cultural-ideological). In this sense, the adoption of a timeline is an important pre-requisite to understand the continuities and ruptures in the process of urbanization seen in Fortaleza, and the contemporary socio-spatial inequalities. There is not a spatial analysis without a temporal one, because the territory historically summarizes the dialectical relationship between space and society, which can only be fully understood based on the study of their origin and evolution. The historical analysis serves to explain contemporary processes where it is possible to infer about the permanence in the territory of preterit socio-spatial dynamics, as long as urbanization takes place on pre-made spaces due to different socio-spatial practices in time. One of the main aspects of the historical process of urbanization of Ceará refers to communication networks that have developed over time in order to facilitate the economic flows in Ceará. Highlighting the rivers and the ways of cattle during the livestock; railroads and port in the cotton cycle; the national and state highways in the cycle of industrialization and unification of the national market; and currently, the airport and coastal roads, with advent of actions and policies aimed at increasing tourism. Among the contemporary socio-spatial practices, the article emphasizes the role of tourism in Ceará, in the context of globalization. Tourism exacerbates the socio-spatial contradictions, mainly, when entering peripherally in places that carry the accumulation of inequalities of other times. Finally, it presents a concise overview, which summarizes the main features of the urbanization of Fortaleza in different historical moments.