Correlation of HDL Associated Paraoxonase 1 with Oxidative Stress Markers in Hypertensive Dyslipidemic Patients (original) (raw)

2018, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Hypertension is a trait opposed to a specific disease and with an ongoing global increase in the incidence. Hypertension is classified into two groups, primary or essential hypertension, and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is defined as a rise in blood pressure of unknown cause and secondary is caused by disease of kidney, endocrines or some other organs. An individual with hypertension is at increased risk factor for stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure [1]. Oxidative stress is defined when there is an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species generation and the antioxidant defence system. Increased vascular oxidative stress could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Lipid peroxidation is a chain reaction initiated by free radicals which provides a continuous supply of other free radicals formed from unsaturated fatty acids which further initiate peroxidation. Malondialdehyde, the end product of lipid per-oxidation can be used as a marker for lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme which is found exclusively associated with HDL in serum. It protects LDL from oxidation. In humans, PON 1 is an independent, genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease [2,3] and low PON1 activities are observed in atherosclerotic and hypercholesterolemic patients [2,4-6]. An important role is played by PON 1 in the antioxidant system as it is thought to degrade oxidised phospholipids in lipoproteins [7]. In the diseases involving oxidative stress, the circulating PON 1 levels have been found to be altered [8].