Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research (original) (raw)
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Overview of Malaria Parasite and Its Prevention in India
Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research
Background: Malaria is a systematic disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium which is transmitted into the human blood via female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria in humans is caused by four species of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. The parasite enters the human body through a mosquito bite and travel to the very crucial organ, the liver, where they multiply and come back to the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. Objectives: Isolation of different species of malaria parasites. The prevalence of malaria parasite in India. Methods: The procedure follows these steps: collection of ...
Acta Parasitologica, 2014
Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases of tropical countries with clinical manifestations such as anaemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly and acute renal failures. In this study, cases of thrombocytopenia and haemoglobinemia were more prominent in subjects infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) than those with Plasmodium vivax (Grassi et Feletti, 1890). However, anaemia, jaundice, convulsions and acute renal failure were significantly high (3-4 times) in subjects infected with P. falciparum than those infected with P. vivax. The incidence of splenomegaly and neurological sequelae were 2 and 6 times higher in P. falciparum infections compared to the infections of P. vivax. Both in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria, the cases of splenomegaly, jaundice and neurological sequelae were almost double in children (<10 years) compared to older patients. The liver enzymes were generally in normal range in cases of low and mild infections. However, the AST, ALT, ALP activities and serum bilirubin, creatinine, and the urea content were increased in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria patients having high parasitaemia, confirming liver dysfunction and renal failures in few cases of severe malaria both in India and Saudi Arabia.
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2016
Malaria continues to be one of the important public health problems in India. As per World Health Organization report 2015, South East Asian Region bears the second largest burden of malaria (10%), only being next to African region (88%).Malaria caused 214 million infections and 438000 deaths worldwide, most of them occurred in the Africa region (90%) followed by SEA Region (7%). 1 Among Southeast Asia region, India shares two-thirds of the burden (66%) followed by Myanmar (18%) and Indonesia (10%). 2 The malaria situation remains a major problem in certain states and geographical pockets. The majority of malaria cases and deaths in India are being reported from Orissa, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and the Seven North Eastern states. 3 Malaria is caused by protozoan parasite of genus plasmodium. Five species of the plasmodium P. Falciparum, P. Vivax, P. Ovale, P. Malariae and P. Knowlesi cause malaria in humans. Infection is initiated when sporozoites from the salivary glands of a female anopheles mosquito are inoculated during a blood meal into the human blood stream. 4 The common clinical manifestation are fever with chills and rigors, headache, vomiting, jaundice and common sign being splenomegaly, pallor, and icterus. 13,22-23 Hematological abnormality which is most commonly seen in malaria is thrombocytopenia followed by anemia. Both are seen ABSTRACT Background: Malaria continues to be one of the important public health problems in India. As per World Health Organization report 2015, South East Asian Region bears the second largest burden of malaria (10%), only being next to African region (88%).The present study is aimed at to study clinical profile and complications, in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A total of 100 cases were included in the study that admitted at NMCH, Kota and identified positive for malaria parasites on peripheral smear examination with conventional microscopy and / or by rapid diagnostic test. Results: predominant symptoms were fever (100%), vomiting (52%), headache (34%), myalgia (28%) and jaundice (27%) and signs were splenomegaly (75%), pallor (57%), icterus (28%), hepato-splenomegaly (19%), and hepatomegaly (04%). In this study, 82% patients suffered from uncomplicated malaria and 18% from complicated malaria. Conclusions: Malaria is responsible for major health concern in Southeastern region of Rajasthan and is found to affect comparatively the younger adult population. P. Vivax was the major parasite type causing malaria and most of the complications were due to P. falciparum.
An Ephemeral Review on Malaria
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research
Malaria, of the genus Plasmodium, is caused by the protozoan parasites. Most of the transmission is through the bite of an infected female anopheline mosquito. More than 500 million people are affected with malaria each year, resulting in 1-2 million fatalities. Falciparum is responsible for the majority of malaria deaths. Pregnant women, children, and anyone who are immunocompromised have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. Myalgias or arthralgia, malaise or weakness, headache, and chills are the most common symptoms. Microscopy, antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are among the procedures used to detect malaria parasites. Malaria in pregnancy is a major cause of severe maternal anemia, low birth weight neonates, preterm delivery, and higher infant and maternal death, with primigravidae experiencing these issues more frequently than multigravidae. Chloroquine is the first-line drug for treating three so-called benign malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodiu...
• Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of mankind. It is now confined to the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, South and Central America. Even so, nearly half of the population of the world may be exposed to the risk of malaria. • Four different species of malaria parasites infecting man, • Plasmodium vivax, • P. malariae • P.falciparum • P.ovale o Two species, P.vivax and P.falciparum account for about 95 % of all malaria worldwide, the other two being of relatively minor importance. Vectors o Human malaria is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. The male mosquito feeds exclusively on fruit juices, but the female needs at least two blood meals before the first batch of eggs can be laid.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Introduction: Malaria is caused by the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium. It is a vector-borne disease which is transmitted from person to person via bites from infected mosquitoes. Following a mosquito bite the parasites multiply in the liver and subsequently infect red blood cells. It is a mosquito-borne illness. Fever or flu symptoms include shivering chills, headaches, and muscle pains. Anemia, jaundice, nausea, and diarrhea are some of the symptoms of malaria. Main Symptoms and Important Clinical Findings: A 24-year-old woman was admitted in. Acharya vinoba bhave rural hospital with chief complaint of stomach pain as her primary complaint. Then after several days Fever, pain, fatigue, headache occur. Several diagnostic evaluations done which shows total Red blood cells count: 4.8 million cu mm; white cell count: 11.810 cells mm3; lymphocytes: 11.2% platelets drop on smear, RBCs are moderated. The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: 24 years old women admitted ...
A brief review on Malaria Disease (Causes, Treatment, Diagnosis)
2019
Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. The human malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that requires both a human host and an insect host. In Anopheles mosquitoes, Plasmodium reproduces sexually (by merging the parasite's sex cells).