The scientific study of general intelligence: Tribute to Arthur R. Jensen H. Nyborg (Ed.), 2003, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, ISBN0080437931, xxvi+642 pp (original) (raw)
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Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns
American Psychologist, 1996
In the fall of 1994, the publication of Herrnstein and Murray's book The Bell Curve sparked a new round of debate about the meaning of intelligence test scores and the nature of intelligence. The debate was characterized by strong assertions as well as by strong feelings. Unfortunately, those assertions often revealed serious misunderstandings of what has (and has not) been demonstrated by scientific research in this field. Although a great deal is now known, the issues remain complex and in many cases still unresolved. Another unfortunate aspect of the debate was that many participants made little effort to distinguish scientific issues from political ones. Research findings were often assessed not so much on their merits or their scientific standing as on their supposed political implications. In such a climate, individuals who wish to make their own judgments find it hard to know what to believe. tatives. Other members were chosen by an extended consultative process, with the aim of representing a broad range of expertise and opinion.
The issue discussed in this paper is the loss of meaning for the expressionintelligence'. The term taken from everyday language has been applied to various psychological definitions, theories or psychometric tests across a period of time which has contributed to the corrosion in meaning of the original term. Attempts by science to isolate and identify the qualities or attrib- utes of intelligence have altered if not entirely destroyed the meaning of the expression. A brief review of the history of the modern investigation into intelligence is thereby presented.