Open Embedded Real-time Controllers for Industrial Distributed Control Systems (original) (raw)
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Embedded Real-time Controllers for Industrial Distributed Control Systems
2019
This paper presents design details adopting open embedded systems (OES) as real-time controllers in industrial distributed control systems. OES minimize development cost and enhance portability while addressing widely known shortcomings of their proprietary counterparts. These shortcomings include the black box method of distribution which hinders integration to more complex systems. However, OES are highly dependent on the compatibility of each software components and essential benchmarking is required to ensure that the system can satisfy hard real-time constraints. To address these issues and the notion that OES will find broader distributed control applications, we provide detailed procedures in realizing OES based on an open source real-time operating system on various low-cost open embedded platforms. Their performance was evaluated and compared in terms of periodicity and schedulability, task synchronization, and interrupt response time, which are crucial metrics to determine...
Implementation of Hard Real-Time Embedded Control Systems
Real-time Systems, 1998
Although the domain of hard real-time systems has been thoroughly elaborated in the academic sphere, embedded computer control systems — being an important component in mechatronic designs — are seldom dealt with consistently. Often, off-the-shelf computer systems are used, with no guarantee that they will be able to meet the requirements specified. In this paper, a design for embedded control systems is presented. Particularly, the paper deals with the hardware architecture and design details, the operating system, and high-level real-time language support. It is shown how estimates of process run-times necessary for schedulability analysis can be acquired on the basis of deterministic behavior of the hardware platform.
Real-Time Open Control Architectures and System Performance
CIRP Annals-Manufacturing …, 1996
This paper analyzes the effect of control architectures and communication networks on a manufacturing system's performance in terms of part precision and productivity; the network bandwidth requirement for a distributed control system is also included. The objective is to design the system such that the control and communications (both hardware and software) would not be the limiting factors in system performance. For simplicity we analyze the performance of a machining center control system. The baseline for comparison is a conventional computerized numerical controlled (CNC) with discrete event managemenvadaptive system.
Design and Programming of Peripheral Interfaces for Embedded Real-Time Control Systems
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2000
The present state of practical implementations of embedded control systems does not in all aspects match the guidelines set by academic real-time systems research. With an implementation of peripheral units and interfaces it is exemplified how improvements can be achieved employing standard means and oH'-the-shelf components. To replace the usual memory mapped passive peripherals, a more appropriate concept is elaborated, which is based on autonomous, intelligent, distributed devices, and allows for better functionality, proper timing behaviour: utilisation of inherent parallelism, and more straightforward implementation of control systems. At the same time, the concept provides higher degrees of safety, fault tolerance and verifiability. The prototype of an embedded control system is outlined, and guidelines for the design of peripheral interfaces are presented together with some implementation details. Finally, object oriented high level programming language support is suggested.
Architectural solutions for enhancing the real-time behavior of distributed embedded systems
Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003)., 2003
The paper presents a low cost embedded hardware and software architecture that makes use of COTS components to support distributed real-time embedded systems. The proposed architecture addresses a common problem in conventional architectures: undesirable timing variations in application's temporal behavior due to overload caused by operating system activities when dealing with concurrent and time-triggered processes. The proposed architecture makes use of a 32bits high performance microcontroller and the open source code operating system for embedded applications uClinux and it enhances these with extensions to better cope with distributed real-time systems development.
A Review of Operating System Infrastructure for Real-Time Embedded Software
Journal of Communication and Computer, 2015
Since their early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and increased dramatically in processing power and functionality. In addition, embedded systems are becoming increasingly complex. High-end devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, entertainment devices, and set-top boxes, feature millions of lines of code with varying degrees of assurance of correctness. Nowadays, more and more embedded systems are implementing in a distributed way, and a wide range of high-performance distributed embedded systems have been design and deployed. As many aspects of embedded system design become increasingly dependent on the effective interaction of distributed processors, it is clear that much effort needs to be focus on software infrastructure, such as operating systems, to ensure that they provide functionality to fulfill these requirements. This paper reviews some of the approaches associated with the operating systems used to fulfill these needs.
23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2003. Proceedings., 2003
Some of the basic innovative trends of the industrial environment, today, are the shift from centralized control architectures to distributed systems, as well as the increasing degree of heterogeneity. These features impose the need for special software tools that support the design of control applications in a homogeneous and interoperable way, as well as their distribution to the interconnected participating industrial devices. The utilisation of the internet and the provision of e-services to the industry will also lead to the distribution of management functionalities in addition to control code distribution. Such an evolution requires both a new model for industrial devices as well as a design and deployment tool that will make possible the distribution of functionalities to industrial devices. This paper presents the state-ofthe-art considering distributed industrial system design and concludes with a specification of distributed systems, enabling the incorporation of novel advanced functionalities.
DICOS: a real-time distributed industrial control system for embedded applications
Control Engineering Practice, 2001
The Fault Tolerant Systems Group of the Technical University of Valencia has developed the DICOS system. This paper describes DICOS (Distributed Industrial COntrol System) nodes. The architecture of DICOS nodes and the error detection mechanisms used are presented. These mechanisms are based on the internal capabilities of the 16-bit microcontroller used and control flow checking and deadlines control with the aid ofa second 8-bitmicrocontroller.