A comparative study between a commercial mixture compound and its individual active ingredients on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomatoes under semi-field conditions (original) (raw)
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Journal of Bioresource Management, 2022
Leaf worm, Spodoptera litura is one of the most destructive insect pests of several agricultural and horticultural crops all over the world including Pakistan. Insecticides have been widely used against different instar larvae of S. litura to minimize the pest population on various crops. New chemistry insecticides were tested to check their toxicity against S. litura on cabbage under laboratory conditions during 2019. Emamectin benzoate was highly toxic followed by chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and fipronil. LC50 and LC 90 values of emamectin benzoate were 30.54, 19.73 ppm and 459.07 and 275.65ppm after 24 and 48 h, respectively. 100% mortality of larvae was recorded at all concentrations of emamectin benzoate after 72 h of treatment. The lethal concentration, 50 % (LC50) values of chlorantraniliprole after 24, 48 and 72 h were 47.03, 32.49 and 17.58 ppm, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole was found to be extra lethal insecticide than flubendiamide and fipronil. Both (LC50 and LC90) values of fipronil after 24, 48 and 72 h were 55.76, 46.26, 28.47, and 801.03, 647.27, 510.44 ppm respectively. The results concluded that emamectin benzoate has potential to be used in integrated pest management strategies to significantly reduce the pest population.
The Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is considered one of the highly destructive insect pests in Egypt. In this study, we evaluate selected biopesticides [Emamectin benzoate (5% SG), Azadirachtin (0.03% EC), Beauveria bassiana (1*108 conidial /ml3), and Azadirachtin (0.03% EC)] and one essential oil [Black pepper extract] in comparison with one chemical pesticide [Indoxacarb (15% SC)] on the second and fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. However, Emamectin benzoate (5% SG) is the most potent compound among the tested compounds followed by Azadirachtin (0.03% EC), Black pepper extract, Beauveria bassiana (1*108 conidial /ml3), Indoxacarb (15% SC), and Spinetoram (12% SC) compounds. Further, the toxicity increased dramatically after 48 h and continues increased after 72 h comparing to 24 h data especially for Emamectin benzoate (5% SG) and Indoxacarb (15% SC) on second and fourth instar larvae. Moreover, according to the toxicity index, Emamectin benzoate (5% SG) is the most toxic compound (100%) followed by Azadirachtin (0.03% EC), Black pepper extract, and Beauveria bassiana (1*108 conidial /ml3) which observed after 24 h exposure for both second and fourth instar larvae, in contrast, these results have been slightly changed after 48 and 72 h exposure. Importantly, the tolerance ratio (TR) ranged from 1.32 and 11.00 based on the 24, 48, 72 h exposure results. Accordingly, utilization of these biocontrol agents for controlling the Cotton leafworm provides a promising alternative to conventional insecticides in Egypt.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
The armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an economically important insect pest of vegetables, ornamentals and other agricultural crops. Synthetic insecticides have remained primary means for the management of S. litura than any other management tool. We tested the effectiveness of some insecticides against different larval instars of S. litura in laboratory as well as in field on the prevailing instars in two fodder crops lucern/alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. and jantar/sesbania, Sesbania sesban L. In the laboratory, emamectin benzoate provided the most control 69-91% followed by lufenuron 70-85% of all larval instars after 48 hours of application. In the lucern field, emamectin benzoate reduced the larval population of S. litura up to 79.32% and with the application of lufenuron 73.55% reduction occurred. Similarly, in jantar crop, lufenuron and emamectin benzoate proved to be more toxic against S. litura population. The abundance of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera; Apidae) and green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephen (Neuroptera; Chrysopidae) were found higher in emamectin and lufenuron treated plots compared to methoxyfenozide and chlorpyrifos. These results indicate that new chemistry insecticides; emamectin benzoate and lufenuron have a potential for the management of S. litura and are relatively safer for beneficial insects as compared to conventional insecticides, methoxyfenozide, and chlorpyrifos.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Field evaluation for the efficacy of indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozide against larval instars of S. littoralis, infested clover plants Trifoliuma lexandrium was studied at two different Governorates (Al-Qalyubia and El-Fayoum) during cultivation season 2012-2013.All three insecticides, of indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozide had no great difference among themselves in reducing the larval population of S. littoralis with difference in the time needed to induce this reduction according to the mode of action of these insecticides.The initial reductionwas recorded after 1 day from spraying for indoxacarb and spinetoram while after 3 days from spraying for methoxyfenozide. Indoxacarb was the most effective insecticide followed by methoxyfenozide and spinetoram.Under semi-field conditions, results showed that, at Al-Qalyubia Governorate, persistence of indoxacarb is higher than other tested insecticides while, the half life of all tested compounds is short at El-Fayoum Governorate.Tolerance to the toxicity of the three tested insecticides increased as the larvae grew older from 2 nd to 4 th instar.Biochemical clarification was carried out in an attempt to disclose the effect of sub-lethal concentration (LC 50) of the three tested insecticides; on haemolymph contents of 6 th instar larvae of S. littoralis which was treated as 4 th larval instar with LC 50 of the tested insecticides and their effects on main components of insect metabolites and changes in protein patterns.
Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Emamectin benzoate and IGR 's (lufenuron-flufenoxuron) were evaluated against the 2 nd instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodopter alittoralis. The biochemical influences of these agrochemicals with the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of the treated larvae were investigated (invivo). Emamectin benzoate (LC 50 = 0.007 mg L-1) was approximately 34 and 83 times more toxic than lufenuron (LC 50 = 0.24 mg L-1) and flufenoxuron (LC 50 = 0.58 mg L-1), respectively. Lufenuron was approximately 2 times more toxic than flufenoxuron. The 2 nd instar larvae treated with the sub-lethal concentrations (LC10 and LC 25) of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron or flufenoxuron showed significant (P < 0.05) reduce of larval body weights, pupation%, pupal mean weight and adult emergence%. While the average time of the pupation for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC 10 and LC 25 of lufenuron and flufenoxuron, were significantly longer than the untreated larvae. On the other hand larval duration for the larvae that given concentrations equivalent to the LC 10 and LC 25 of emamectin benzoate did not differ significantly compared with the untreated larvae. The fecundity and fertility were strongly reduced in all insecticide treatments compared with check untreated. The PPO activity was partially decreased in the treated larvae (with all insecticide treatments) in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that, sublethal concentrations of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and flufenoxuron may reduce the population growth of S. littoralis by affecting its development and reproduction.
Pakistan Journal of Biological …, 2007
The effect of three different compounds, namely protecto (bioinsecticide based on Bacillus thuringienses), coumarin (plant extract of Chicory flower) and Neemix (plant extract of Azadirachta indica) were assayed on the 4 th larval instar of cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). All tested compounds exhibited a significant antifeedant activity, coumarin recorded the highest mean of antifeedant activity reached (89.19) followed by azadirachtin (81.7) at 100 x 10 3 µg/ml and protecto (32.01) at 200 x 10 3 µg/ml. The overall larval mortality after treatment with lannate, protecto, coumarin and azadirachtin ranged between (48.3-70.0%), (20.0-50.0%), (25.0-60.0%) and (21.6-55.0%), respectively. Coumarin and azadirachtin concentrations exhibited longer larval duration, while protecto gave a slight difference in the total larval period. All tested concentrations of all compounds led to significant prolongation in pupal stage duration. Percentage of adult emergence increased with decreasing the tested concentrations of the tested compounds, the percentage ranged between (73.3-89.5%), (52.4-94.8%) and (66.6-93.1%) after treatment with protecto, coumarin and azadirachtin, respectively. The average number of males was higher than that of females after larval treatments with protecto, coumarin and azadirachtin. Adult and pupal deformation percentage increased with increasing concentration of tested compounds. Number of eggs/female and hatchability % decreased with increasing concentrations of tested compounds. Female sterility percentage increased by increasing concentrations of tested compounds.
Biochemical and histological effect of some plant extracts, insecticide (methomyl) and bio insecticide (protecto) against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) Abstract The toxic effect of four different compounds, namely protecto (bioinsecticide based on Bacillus thuringienses), coumarin (plant extract of Chicory flower), Neemix (plant extract of Azadirachta indica) and lannate (chemical insecticide) against the fourth instars larvae of cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by LC 50 concentrations were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Methomyl led to basement and peritrophic membrane detachment and destruction, appearance of numerous vacuoles, destruction of epithelial cells that emptied their cytoplasmic contents in the lumen, while protecto caused detachment and destruction of the basement and peritrophic membrane, vacuolization and destruction of the epithelial cells. Plant extracts (coumarin and azadirachtin) caused basement mem...
2012
The sensitivity of Spodoptera littoralis 6 larval instar towards the three commercial insecticides: Tracer, Pendelta and Pyriban were investigated under laboratory conditions. All tested insecticides showed highly adverse bioactive effects. The highest tested concentration induced 20, 100 and 40% mortality 24 hours post treatment, while the lowest tested concentrations induced 40, 70 and 60% mortality, respectively. The middle concentration causes 80% mortality for the three tested insecticides. The calculated LC50 was: 0.034, 0.135 and 0.170% for Pendelta, Tracer and Pyriban, respectively. The highest concentration of Pendelta achieved 100% mortality 24 hours post treatment, and suppressed the larval activity even at the low concentration. Results also showed a reduction in food consumption and larval growth rate in case of Teacer and Pendelta treatments. The efficiency of converting ingested and digested food into body substance was obviously reduced in Pendelta treatment. On the ...
Plant Protection Science, 2011
The susceptibility to five new insecticide mixtures: chlorosan, feroban, cygron, engeo, and kingbo was studied in the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The efficiency and residual effects of these compounds against S. littoralis under field conditions were also investigated. Obtained results revealed that feroban was the most effective compared with the other toxicants, while engeo was the least toxic insecticide in both instars after 2 and 5 days from treatment. Data also indicated that feroban had the longest half-life (Lt50) while engeo recorded the shortest one. Biochemical analysis showed that the tested compounds caused pronounced changes in acetyl cholinesterase and phenol oxidase.
Biochemical and Toxicological Studies of Some Pesticides on Cotton leafworm ( Spodoptera littoralis)
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020
The present study is to through light on role of some insecticides (chemical insecticides (a.i. chlorphyrifos) Dursban® 48% EC, spinosyns group (a.i. spinosad) Tracer® 24% SC and insect growth regulator (a.i. lufenuron) Match® 5% EC) against insect attacking cotton cultivation Spodoptera littoralis under Egyptian conditions. The toxicological effects and biochemical analysis carried out against laboratory strain of target insects after 24 and 72 hours. Toxicity of the three insecticides chlorphyrifos, spinosad and lufenuron were tested against the 2 nd instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. The results showed that lufenuron was more effective on the 2 nd instar larvae than chlorphyrifos and spinosad. The LC25 values for lufenuron, chlorphyrifos and spinosad were 0.0005, 2.21 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. The biochemical study used for tested insecticides at LC25 on some biocomponents namely acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), chitinase, phenoloxidase, aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, α-esterase (α-EST), total protein and protein gel electrophoresis for laboratory strain were investigated. The tested chlorphyrifos and lufenuron were significantly increased (AchE). Spinosad was significantly decreased (GST) and phenoloxidase. Spinosad and lufenuron significantly increased (α-EST) and (chitinase) (ALT). Chlorphyrifos caused significantly decreased on α-esterase and total protein and (AST). Lufenuron significantly decreased total protein and phenoloxidase. Spinosad showed insignificant increase in (AchE) and total protein (levels). Chlorphyrifos decreased both of phenoloxidase and (ALT) levels insignificantly and increased the levels of (GST) and chitinase, while lufenuron, recorded insignificant decrease in GST levels. The total body proteins of 2 nd instar larval of S. littoralis treated with LC25 of insecticides performed by SDS-PAGE. Control and different treatments were separated into 56 different bands according to their relative frequencies (Rf values), and molecular weights (MW). Samples of electrophoresis were carried out for three different insecticides namely chlorphyrifos, spinosad and lufenuron which used to treat insects. The treatment with insecticides on protein gel electrophoresis led to detection of new bands, and disappeared some bands in comparison to control. It is concluded that treatment with insecticides have strong efficacy on the soluble protein in the body of insects.