Assessment of groundwater quality using chemical indices and GIS mapping in Jada area, Northeastern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 14(3): 140-152, ISSN: 1743-2790, 2018
The study was aimed at ascertaining the suitability of groundwater quality in northern part of Abakaliki province for drinking and irrigation purposes. A total of 30 groundwater samples were randomly collected from different areas of Province. Each sample was analyzed for the major ions based on standard methods. The pH, TDS, EC, TH, SAR and Na % parameters and concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and Na + cations, and Cl-, NO 3-, HCO 3-and SO 4-2 anions were measured. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters assessed were within the maximum permissible limits for drinking water in all the areas sampled. From the Paper diagram, the main groundwater types were Ca-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, Ca-HCO 3 and Na-Cl-Ca facies. SAR, Na % and EC values of the samples fall under the excellent and good classes category. The results showed that the quality of the groundwater in the northern part of Abakaliki province were suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes.
This article presents results of groundwater quality assessment based on some physic-chemical parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), pH, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Temperature, Lead, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Total Alkalinity carried out on wells around Lawyer Hammed Street in Ogbomoso. Fifteen (15) wells within the street were sampled and analyzed using standard laboratories techniques. The results were then compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The pH values ranged from 6.1 – 7.3 during the rainy season and ranged from 4.27 – 5.11 highest value of 7.3(basic) during the rainy season Total dissolved solids concentration ranged from 140mg/l – 975mg/l during the rainy season and ranged from 168mg/l – 1170mg/l during the dry season. Coli form count ranged from l.0 x 105 – 9.7 x 106 during the rainy season and ranged from 2.0 x 105 – 10.4 x 106 during the dry season. Samples 2 and 20 showed the lowest concentration of l.0 x 105 while Sample 4 showed the highest concentration of 9.7 x 106 during the rainy season. Sample 10 showed the lowest count of 9.5 x 105 while sample 20 showed the highest count of 2.0 x 108 during the dry season. USEPA and WHO standards do not allow any number of coli forms as they play major roles in the contributions and spread of so many diseases Recommendations include periodic groundwater assessment and treatment.
Assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was carried out in Karasuwa in the Chad Basin formation of North Eastern Nigeria. Ground water is the major source of water for domestic and irrigation activities in the study area. The ground water sample was sampled f m 17 boreholes, 2 hand dug well and a stream during rainy season and dry season of 2016 and 2017 respectively, the water sample were analysed using the atomic absorption, flame emission, colorimetric and titrimetric methods for its physical and chemical characteristics and also its suitability for domestic and irrigation activities base on salinity hazard, sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio residual Sodium Carbonate US salinity diagram, Wilcox diagram kenys ratio and ermeability index Ca-HCO3 Ca-Mg-Cl and Na-Cl were the dominant groundwater types and electrical conductivity in the area with no hardness make the groundwater suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. Concentration of Major cation (Na+ K+ and Mg2++) Major anions(NO3,Po4) and heavy Matel (Cd and Ni) did not exceed the permissible limit for drinking and irrigation uses except Pb which is above WHO 1996 standard of 0.002mg/l in almost all sample collected from both stream and groundwater samples but almost all physio chemical parameters were within permissible limit and are therefore suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes.
Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Mando and Rigasa Areas, Kaduna, Northwestern Nigeria
Pakistan Journal of Geology, 2021
The quality of groundwater from twenty (20) hand-dug wells around the Mando and Rigasa areas, Northwestern Nigeria was evaluated in this study. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl-, HCO3 -, NO3 -, SO4 2- and faecal coliform count were analysed. The degree of compliance of the various parameters with international guidelines for drinking water quality were determined and the groundwater classified. Comparison of the results of physico-chemical analysis with the NSDWQ and WHO guidelines revealed that most of the parameters in the groundwater had 100 % compliance except for pH, Mg2+, NO3 -, K+ and Fe2+ with percentage compliance of 80, 90, 75, 70 and 40, respectively. This indicates that some of the groundwater samples are not suitable for drinking purpose. Groundwater quality map based on the Water Quality Index values for the various groundwater sample showed that most parts of the study area have excellent groundwater quality. The...
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
Growth in human population and anthropogenic activities has increased the rate of groundwater pollution in the world. This study assessed the quality of water samples collected from open wells from eight different locations in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria between December 2014 and June 2015. The physicochemical parameters of water samples were analyzed using standard methods. Total bacterial count and total coliform count were determined by standard plate method and membrane filtration technique respectively. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and confirmed by sequencing the DNA of the isolates. The physicochemical values of the water samples ranged as follows: temperature (28.20±0.440C to 27.50±0.370C), pH (7.22±0.06 and 6.80±0.04), conductivity (577.80±41.28 µS/cm), turbidity (6.31±0.21 to 2.69±0.40NTU), total suspended solids (6.20±2.60 to 47.50±1.70mg/l), total dissolved solids (295.40±37.12 to 208.40±31.19 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (9.81±0.37 to 7.04±0.40mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (6.25±1.31 to 4.38±0.28mg/l), total hardness (294.20±3.81 to 278.10±7.14mg/l), nitrate concentration (23.80±1.61 to 17.47±3.58mg/l) and sulfate concentration (30.58±2.43 to 25.35±1.16mg/l). The water sources were found to have a total bacterial count and total coliform counts above the recommended national and international guidelines. The contamination of the water sources by E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria implies that they are not fit for human consumption.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY EVALUATION IN PARTS OF UMUCHIMMA, IMO STATE, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2021
This study was on evaluation of groundwater quality in selected areas using standard analytical methods.Six (6) borehole water samples were collected for laboratory analysis of the physicochemical and biological parameters around Umuchimma. The result obtained show that except for phosphate (3.90mg/L), and pH which was slightly acidic with values ranging from 6.40 to 6.52 and a mean value of 6.45, all other measured parameters were within the acceptable limits as stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 Standard. The mean values for the major cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + and K +) were 3.21, 1.18, 6.62 and 1.33 mg/L respectively, while the mean values for the major anions (HCO 3-, SO 4-, NO 3 and Cl-) were 15.56, 4.89, 5.58 and 4.47mg/L respectively. The dominant cation is sodium, while the dominant anion is bicarbonate. The mean values for heavy metals such as Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ found in the samples were 0.01, 2.65, and 0.02mg/L respectively. The mean values for heavy metals such as Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ found in the samples were 0.01, 2.65, and 0.02mg/L respectively. The presence of the heavy metals found in the samples analysed could be attributed to leachates electronic wastes (Ewaste) contamination from nearby open waste dumpsites. The sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) varies from 0.35 to 0.59 with the mean value of 0.56, indicating that the water is excellent for irrigation purpose. Pollution index (PI) varies from 0.707 to 0.723 with a mean value of 0.715 indicating that water is within the critical value of 1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) varies from 8.16 to 10.80 mg/L with the mean value of 9.47mg/L. The piper trilinear diagram, Stiff diagram, durov and schoeller diagram confirm that there is a close chemical relationship between the boreholes. However, the dominant cation is sodium + potassium (Na + +K +) and the dominant anion bicarbonate (HCO 3). From the geochemical plot (piper) the water type is sodium bicarbonate type. The plot also indicates that the water is also potable for drinking purpose. The general quality of the ground water can be described as slightly acidic (based on the mean pH value), soft (based on the total hardness value), fresh (based on TDS) and has no laxative effect based the chloride content. However, the pH of the groundwater can be improved further by treating the water using sodium bicarbonate (soda ash).
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2022
The hydrochemical properties and groundwater quality assessment of groundwater samples from Kurudu area of Abuja, north central Nigeria, was investigated with the aim to evaluating their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and electrical conductivity were analysed. The major cations and anions were also analysed. Hydrochemical facies of the water samples were analysed employing Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram while the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes was assessed using indices such as Kelly's ratio, Sodium percentage ratio, Magnesium hazard, Permeability Index and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR). The physicochemical parameters of the water samples are within the acceptable limit recommended by WHO (2011). Physiochemical results showed that the dominant cation occur in the order of Ca 2+ > Na + > K + > Mg 2+ with average values of 19.9mg/l, 16.15mg/l, 7.01mg/l and 4.38mg/l respectively, while the dominant anion ranged in the order of HCO3-> Cl-> SO4 2-> NO3with average values of 56.93mg/l, 35.5 mg/l, 8.38mg/l and 3.85mg/l respectively. The dominant hydrochemical facies identified in the samples is the mixed Ca-Mg-Cl which is a result of linear mixing processes of water in the study area. Gibbs plot indicated that ions concentration in the water is primarily contributed by chemical weathering of the rock-forming minerals. Irrigation indices all suggested that the water samples are good for irrigation purposes. Results from the study indicate that, with a few exceptions, water in the study area is suitable for human consumption and irrigation purposes.
2022
Groundwater is the most common source of drinking water in most developing countries including Nigeria, the diverse nature of human activities within lower Kubanni may result in a negative impact on most water resources including groundwater. This research was conducted to examine the effect of different activities/land uses within lower Kubanni and relate them with groundwater quality from the borehole and shallow wells. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the collection of water samples. The samples were obtained from the closest sources of groundwater to the lower course of Kubanni River. A total of eight water samples were used for this study, four from boreholes and four from shallow wells. Seventeen physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed which include: odour, taste, colour, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), hardness, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, calcium (Ca), Mg, Fe, Pb, Cr and total coliform. Land use Land Cover (LULC) analysis was carried out using the GIS technique to classify the different activities taking place within the study area. Findings from this study revealed that groundwater from both borehole and shallow wells across the study area had all the physical parameters alongside total coliform within the WHO and NSDWQ threshold. However, some physicochemical parameters such as TDS (470-1650 mg/L), hardness (434-1050 mg/L), Ca (231-405 mg/L), Fe (0.8 mg/L), Pb (0.6-1.02 mg/L) and Cr (0.2-0.6 mg/L) were above the WHO and NSDWQ limits. The LULC analysis shows the built-up area covers the largest portion of 42% followed by cultivation with 36%, bare land makes up 20% while water body covered only 2%. The study recommends that groundwater within lower Kubanni should not be taken without proper treatment as none of the samples fully complied with the WHO/NSDWQ limits
Water cycle, 2022
Groundwater is an important water source for agricultural irrigation in Penyang County. Some traditional methods such as irrigation coefficient, sodium adsorption ratio, total alkalinity, total salinity and total dissolved solids were employed to assess groundwater quality in this area. In addition, an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution model was applied for comprehensive assessment. The origin of major ions and groundwater hydrogeochemical evolution was also discussed. Groundwater in Penyang County contains relative concentrations of dominant constituents in the following order: Na ? [ Ca 2? [ Mg 2? [ K ? for cations and HCO 3-[ SO 4 2-[ Cl-[ CO 3 2for anions. Groundwater quality is largely excellent and/or good, suggesting general suitability for agricultural use. Calcite and dolomite are found saturated in groundwater and thus tend to precipitate out, while halite, fluorite and gypsum are unsaturated and will dissolve into groundwater during flow. Groundwater in the study area is weathering-dominated, and mineral weathering (carbonate and silicate minerals) and ion exchange are the most important factors controlling groundwater chemistry.
Groundwater Quality Assessment of Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State in Nigeria
Journal of Engineering Research and Reports
An assessment of the quality of groundwater in Ikorodu Local Government Area (LGA) was carried out in September 2020 (Late wet season). A total number of 29 samples were collected from different selected locations of the study area. The samples were collected from private and government bore holes. The pH, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Salinity, Turbidity, Hardness, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Phosphate, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Total bacterial count (TBC) were determined according to American Public Health Association (APHA) standard techniques. The results showed that the mean pH, TDS, Salinity, Turbidity, Hardness, BOD, COD, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sulphate, and TBC in the water samples were 7.0 ±0.59, 176.0 ±132.2mg/L, 0.14 ±0.11g/kg, 0.32 ±0.05 NTU, 59.58 ±34.89mg/L, 11.59 ±3.41mg/L, 14.90 ±4.18mg/L, 0.97 ±0.46mg/L, 2.62 ±1.27mg/L, 9.44 ±5.94mg/L, and 4.92 ±2.94 x 102 cfu/mL, respectively. The calculated Water quality index (WQI) of the different sa...